中国蒙古族的身高特征

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究目前中国蒙古族主要族群身高情况。对中国蒙古族共13个族群4410例（男43%,女57%）成人身高进行了测量,分析蒙古族身高分型情况,探讨不同年龄组之间、不同族群之间的身高变化趋势。中国蒙古族男性为超中等身材,女性为中等身材。在13个族群中,男性是额济纳土尔扈特部身高最高,云南蒙古族身材最矮。女性是鄂尔多斯部身材最高,云南蒙古族身材最矮。3个年龄组间身高差异均具有统计学意义。男性、女性都以高型出现率最高,过矮型出现率和很高型出现率都很低。中国蒙古族身高与中国其他北方族群接近,高于7个中国南方族群,低于北方汉族,但高于南方汉族,低于日本人、韩国人。中国蒙古族13个族群间身高差异均具有统计学意义,在中国族群中蒙古族属于身材较高的族群。

关键词: 蒙古族, 身高, 族群, 年龄, 测量

Abstract:

The paper is to study the stature of Mongolians in China. The adults stature of 4410 Chinese Mongolians (43% man; 57% women) was measured so as to analyze the stature classification and the variation trend of stature between different age groups and ethnic groups. The stature of Mongolian men is hyper-middle stature, while that of women is middle stature. Among 13 Mongolian ethnic groups, the stature of men in Ejina Torgouts are the tallest but the shortest ones in Yunnan while the stature of women in Ordos are the tallest but the shortest ones in Yunnan. The tall stature of men and women are with the highest occurrence rate, while with the lower occurrence rate of shorter and taller stature. The stature of Chinese Mongolians is close to the stature of other Chinese northern ethnic groups, higher than that of Chinese 7 southern ethnic groups, lower than that of Han nationality in the north, higher than that of Han nationality in the south, and lower than Japanese and Koreans. The stature difference among 13 ethnic groups is statistically important. Mongolians have higher stature than other ethnic groups in China.

Key words: Mongolian, Stature, Ethnic group, Age, Measurement

中图分类号:

Q983

乌云达来, 郑连斌, 李咏兰. 中国蒙古族的身高特征[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(02): 282-294.

DALAI Wuyun, ZHENG Lianbin, LI Yonglan. Stature characteristics of the Chinese Mongolians[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2022, 41(02): 282-294.

图/表 8

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族群Ethnic groups	20~44 years-old	45~59 years-old	60~80 years-old	平均 Average	差值 Difference	增长率 Growth rate
杜尔伯特部 Durbert	1695.0±65.7	1676.5±74.7	1629.0±74.4	1662.7±76.9	66.0	17.4%
郭尔罗斯部 Goerros	1680.7±58.2	1646.8±58.2	1621.1±65.2	1653.2±64.0	59.6	15.7%
阜新蒙古族 Fuxin Mongolian	1682.4±57.5	1656.5±60.1	1645.7±58.1	1661.0±60.0	36.7	9.7%
喀左县蒙古族Kazuo Mongolian	1703.3±62.8	1676.0±68.6	1633.0±56.4	1661.4±67.5	70.3	18.5%
巴尔虎部 Barag	1711.4±65.3	1674.8±67.6	1679.8±65.2	1694.4±68.0	31.6	8.3%
布里亚特部Buryat	1701.8±57.3	1678.1±56.1	1684.6±43.7	1695.4±57.1	17.2	4.5%
鄂尔多斯部 Ordos	1714.8±49.7	1675.9±56.5	1670.1±49.9	1690.2±55.6	44.7	11.8%
阿拉善和硕特部 Alxa khoshut	1692.8±56.3	1687.0±65.1	1652.2±59.0	1673.2±62.6	40.6	10.7%
额济纳土尔扈特部 Ejina Torgouts	1732.2±43.1	1697.0±50.4	1670.6±69.3	1705.4±56.3	61.6	16.2%
青海和硕特部Qinghai khoshut	1699.6±55.7	1663.3±57.4	1661.5±51.5	1676.9±58.0	38.1	10.0%
新疆察哈尔部 Xinjiang Chahar	1692.5±67.3	1680.0±62.3	1625.3±70.1	1680.5±68.4	67.2	17.7%
新疆土尔扈特部Xinjiang Torgouts	1700.0±57.3	1688.7±55.6	1660.7±65.9	1686.2±60.5	40.0	10.5
云南蒙古族 Yunnan Mongolian	1643.1±46.8	1610.2±54.1	1606.0±56.8	1632.0±51.7	37.1	9.8
蒙古族合计 Mongolian Total	1690.9±62.0	1666.9±63.9	1648.1±63.4	1673.2±65.2	41.9	11.0

族群Ethnic groups	20~44 years-old	45~59 years-old	60~80 years-old	平均 Average	差值 Difference	增长率 Growth rate
杜尔伯特部 Durbert	1695.0±65.7	1676.5±74.7	1629.0±74.4	1662.7±76.9	66.0	17.4%
郭尔罗斯部 Goerros	1680.7±58.2	1646.8±58.2	1621.1±65.2	1653.2±64.0	59.6	15.7%
阜新蒙古族 Fuxin Mongolian	1682.4±57.5	1656.5±60.1	1645.7±58.1	1661.0±60.0	36.7	9.7%
喀左县蒙古族Kazuo Mongolian	1703.3±62.8	1676.0±68.6	1633.0±56.4	1661.4±67.5	70.3	18.5%
巴尔虎部 Barag	1711.4±65.3	1674.8±67.6	1679.8±65.2	1694.4±68.0	31.6	8.3%
布里亚特部Buryat	1701.8±57.3	1678.1±56.1	1684.6±43.7	1695.4±57.1	17.2	4.5%
鄂尔多斯部 Ordos	1714.8±49.7	1675.9±56.5	1670.1±49.9	1690.2±55.6	44.7	11.8%
阿拉善和硕特部 Alxa khoshut	1692.8±56.3	1687.0±65.1	1652.2±59.0	1673.2±62.6	40.6	10.7%
额济纳土尔扈特部 Ejina Torgouts	1732.2±43.1	1697.0±50.4	1670.6±69.3	1705.4±56.3	61.6	16.2%
青海和硕特部Qinghai khoshut	1699.6±55.7	1663.3±57.4	1661.5±51.5	1676.9±58.0	38.1	10.0%
新疆察哈尔部 Xinjiang Chahar	1692.5±67.3	1680.0±62.3	1625.3±70.1	1680.5±68.4	67.2	17.7%
新疆土尔扈特部Xinjiang Torgouts	1700.0±57.3	1688.7±55.6	1660.7±65.9	1686.2±60.5	40.0	10.5
云南蒙古族 Yunnan Mongolian	1643.1±46.8	1610.2±54.1	1606.0±56.8	1632.0±51.7	37.1	9.8
蒙古族合计 Mongolian Total	1690.9±62.0	1666.9±63.9	1648.1±63.4	1673.2±65.2	41.9	11.0

族群Ethnic groups	20~44	45~59	60~80	平均 Average	差值Difference	增长率Growth
杜尔伯特部 Durbert	1588.8±50.5	1545.2±59.3	1533.7±49.4	1546.0±56.1	55.1	14.5%
郭尔罗斯部 Goerros	1560.6±47.8	1533.2±49.8	1504.9±49.5	1536.0±52.9	55.7	14.7%
阜新蒙古族 Fuxin Mongolian	1579.7±53.0	1555.8±48.7	1537.4±53.7	1556.9±52.8	42.3	11.1%
喀左县蒙古族Kazuo Mongolian	1581.2±57.7	1557.5±54.2	1516.7±61.4	1549.3±61.5	64.5	17.0%
巴尔虎部 Barag	1580.5±52.4	1565.1±56.0	1541.0±54.7	1566.7±55.9	39.5	10.4%
布里亚特部 Buryat	1568.3±57.4	1545.4±64.4	1523.2±35.1	1556.9±60.2	45.1	11.9%
鄂尔多斯部 Ordos	1598.6±51.3	1569.2±41.0	1525.5±59.9	1577.4±56.0	73.4	19.3%
阿拉善和硕特部Alxa khoshut	1591.8±59.8	1587.3±57.7	1516.2±61.1	1561.8±69.4	75.6	19.9%
额济纳土尔扈特部 Ejina Torgouts	1596.3±53.0	1582.0±61.0	1519.8±24.6	1570.4±67.8	76.5	20.1%
青海和硕特部 Qinghai khoshut	1581.2±53.8	1570.6±56.5	1509.5±55.0	1563.4±61.0	71.7	18.9%
新疆察哈尔部 Xinjiang Chahar	1565.1±59.6	1553.6±53.7	1510.3±51.7	1554.0±58.7	54.8	14.4%
新疆土尔扈特部 Xinjiang Torgouts	1576.4±53.8	1578.9±64.3	1550.0±61.5	1571.9±59.5	25.8	6.9%
云南蒙古族Yunnan Mongolian	1540.0±55.2	1506.7±50.5	1477.0±43.5	1528.9±56.7	63.0	16.6%
蒙古族合计 Mongolian Total	1572.5±57.4	1555.4±57.1	1522.6±57.6	1555.2±60.3	49.9	13.1%

族群Ethnic groups	20~44	45~59	60~80	平均 Average	差值Difference	增长率Growth
杜尔伯特部 Durbert	1588.8±50.5	1545.2±59.3	1533.7±49.4	1546.0±56.1	55.1	14.5%
郭尔罗斯部 Goerros	1560.6±47.8	1533.2±49.8	1504.9±49.5	1536.0±52.9	55.7	14.7%
阜新蒙古族 Fuxin Mongolian	1579.7±53.0	1555.8±48.7	1537.4±53.7	1556.9±52.8	42.3	11.1%
喀左县蒙古族Kazuo Mongolian	1581.2±57.7	1557.5±54.2	1516.7±61.4	1549.3±61.5	64.5	17.0%
巴尔虎部 Barag	1580.5±52.4	1565.1±56.0	1541.0±54.7	1566.7±55.9	39.5	10.4%
布里亚特部 Buryat	1568.3±57.4	1545.4±64.4	1523.2±35.1	1556.9±60.2	45.1	11.9%
鄂尔多斯部 Ordos	1598.6±51.3	1569.2±41.0	1525.5±59.9	1577.4±56.0	73.4	19.3%
阿拉善和硕特部Alxa khoshut	1591.8±59.8	1587.3±57.7	1516.2±61.1	1561.8±69.4	75.6	19.9%
额济纳土尔扈特部 Ejina Torgouts	1596.3±53.0	1582.0±61.0	1519.8±24.6	1570.4±67.8	76.5	20.1%
青海和硕特部 Qinghai khoshut	1581.2±53.8	1570.6±56.5	1509.5±55.0	1563.4±61.0	71.7	18.9%
新疆察哈尔部 Xinjiang Chahar	1565.1±59.6	1553.6±53.7	1510.3±51.7	1554.0±58.7	54.8	14.4%
新疆土尔扈特部 Xinjiang Torgouts	1576.4±53.8	1578.9±64.3	1550.0±61.5	1571.9±59.5	25.8	6.9%
云南蒙古族Yunnan Mongolian	1540.0±55.2	1506.7±50.5	1477.0±43.5	1528.9±56.7	63.0	16.6%
蒙古族合计 Mongolian Total	1572.5±57.4	1555.4±57.1	1522.6±57.6	1555.2±60.3	49.9	13.1%

族群Ethnic groups	过矮 Shortest		矮 Short		亚中等 Sub-middle		中等 Middle		超中等 Hyper-middle		高 Tall		很高 Taller
族群Ethnic groups	n	出现率	n	出现率	n	出现率	n	出现率	n	出现率	n	出现率	n	出现率
杜尔伯特部 Durbert	2	2.4	14	16.5	10	11.8	19	22.4	10	11.8	27	31.8	3	3.5
郭尔罗斯部Goerros	1	0.6	35	19.8	33	18.6	36	20.3	30	16.9	41	23.2	1	0.6
阜新蒙古族 Fuxin Mongolian	1	0.6	20	12.7	40	25.3	26	16.5	26	16.5	43	27.2	2	1.3
喀左县蒙古族Kazuo Mongolian	1	0.7	24	17.6	29	21.3	20	14.7	24	17.6	36	26.5	2	1.5
鄂尔多斯部 Ordos	0	0.0	7	4.9	18	12.7	22	15.5	36	25.4	56	39.4	3	2.1
巴尔虎部 Barag	0	0.0	17	8.7	26	13.3	27	13.8	35	17.9	80	40.8	11	5.6
布里亚特部 Buryat	0	0.0	6	4.0	14	9.2	30	19.7	35	23.0	62	40.8	5	3.3
阿拉善和硕特部Alxa khoshut	0	0.0	10	11.2	18	20.2	15	16.9	17	19.1	24	27.0	5	5.6
额济纳土尔扈特部Ejina Torgouts	1	1.2	0	0.0	11	13.1	12	14.3	12	14.3	46	54.8	2	2.4
青海和硕特部Qinghai khoshut	0	0.0	12	7.2	33	19.9	30	18.1	32	19.3	56	33.7	3	1.8
新疆察哈尔部Xinjiang Chahar	2	0.9	31	14.3	23	10.6	30	13.8	47	21.7	78	35.9	6	2.8
新疆土尔扈特部Xinjiang Torgouts	0	0.4	9	9.3	13	14.7	25	16.8	23	19.6	39	36.4	3	2.8
云南蒙古族 Yunnan Mongolian	2	1.0	48	23.8	57	28.2	43	21.3	33	16.3	19	9.4	0	0.0
合计 Total	10	0.5	233	12.2	325	17.0	335	17.5	360	18.8	607	31.7	46	2.4