河北泥河湾盆地西白马营遗址1985-1986年出土的石制品

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2024.0003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

西白马营遗址位于泥河湾盆地中部，于1985年调查发现并进行了试掘；次年正式发掘并获取了石制品、骨制品、动物化石等丰富的文化遗物。铀系法测年遗址距今约1.8万年，推测为临时石器加工场所。石器技术属于中国北方的小型石片石器传统。新的田野工作和测年数据表明，遗址属旧石器时代晚期早段。我们对1985年试掘及1986年正式发掘出土的石制品进行了类型划分及技术分析，并结合最新的年代测定结果，对遗址文化面貌及属性进行了重新厘定及研究成果重要性的讨论。

关键词: 泥河湾盆地, 旧石器时代晚期, 西白马营遗址, 石制品研究, 技术分析

Abstract:

The Xibaimaying site was discovered in 1985 and first excavated from 1985 to 1986. The site was U-series dated to 18±1 kaBP and 15±1 kaBP based on two bovid teeth samples from the culture layer in 1989. When the site was re-dated using single-grain OSL methods in 2017, resulting ages indicated that the cultural layer was deposited 46±3 kaBP. With the differences in dates, the lithic assemblage needed to be reexamined. The representative tool assemblage included scrapers and points, which are widely found in Upper Paleolithic sites in northern China. Direct hard hammer percussion was the main flaking technique, with mostly unprepared platforms. It is believed that this assemblage represents the flake-tool tradition of the Upper Paleolithic in North China even though it has some unique characteristics. Retouching focused mostly on functional tool parts, such as scraper edges and the sharp corner of points to obtain effective functions in the most cost-effective way. There is a skill and maturity to the knapping and retouching technology. This assemblage shows that the cultural traditions of earlier sites such as at Xujiayao, Banjingzi and Xinmiaozhuang were inherited and developed at Xibaimaying.

Key words: Nihewan Basin, Upper Paleolithic, Xibaimaying site, Stone tools, Typology

中图分类号:

K871.11

周振宇, 王法岗, 关莹. 河北泥河湾盆地西白马营遗址1985-1986年出土的石制品[J]. 人类学学报, 2024, 43(01): 55-66.

ZHOU Zhenyu, WANG Fagang, GUAN Ying. Stone artifacts unearthed in 1985 and 1986 from the Xibaimaying site of the Nihewan Basin, Hebei Province[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(01): 55-66.

图/表 7

参考文献 31

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	台面角Platform angle(°)				台面外角Exterior platform angle(°)
	最大值Max	最小值Min	平均值Avg	标准差SD	最大值Max	最小值Min	平均值Avg	标准差SD
白云岩Dolomite (n=24)	124	85	108.96	11.00	104	64	79.17	9.84
硅质灰岩Siliceous limestone (n=19)	141	89	110.21	12.39	108	53	81.84	14.13
灰岩limestone (n=10)	122	65	101.20	18.27	102	75	87.89	9.58
火山角砾岩Vocalnic Breccia (n=16)	130	71	108.69	13.30	101	57	83.44	11.21
火山碎屑岩Vocanic clastic rock (n=49)	126	80	104.94	12.11	110	68	83.02	9.44
玛瑙Agate (n=40)	122	78	102.55	11.54	103	60	85.10	10.96
凝灰岩Tuff (n=4)	120	90	105.00	12.27	104	83	88.50	10.34
石英Quartz (n=47)	129	74	101.72	13.09	115	66	86.51	10.62
石英砂岩Quartz sandstone (n=8)	128	96	111.38	9.83	90	63	80.38	8.72
石英岩Quartzite(n=27)	129	84	108.22	10.96	110	68	85.22	10.32
燧石Chert(n=81)	129	76	106.02	12.19	108	60	82.56	10.81

	台面角Platform angle(°)				台面外角Exterior platform angle(°)
	最大值Max	最小值Min	平均值Avg	标准差SD	最大值Max	最小值Min	平均值Avg	标准差SD
白云岩Dolomite (n=24)	124	85	108.96	11.00	104	64	79.17	9.84
硅质灰岩Siliceous limestone (n=19)	141	89	110.21	12.39	108	53	81.84	14.13
灰岩limestone (n=10)	122	65	101.20	18.27	102	75	87.89	9.58
火山角砾岩Vocalnic Breccia (n=16)	130	71	108.69	13.30	101	57	83.44	11.21
火山碎屑岩Vocanic clastic rock (n=49)	126	80	104.94	12.11	110	68	83.02	9.44
玛瑙Agate (n=40)	122	78	102.55	11.54	103	60	85.10	10.96
凝灰岩Tuff (n=4)	120	90	105.00	12.27	104	83	88.50	10.34
石英Quartz (n=47)	129	74	101.72	13.09	115	66	86.51	10.62
石英砂岩Quartz sandstone (n=8)	128	96	111.38	9.83	90	63	80.38	8.72
石英岩Quartzite(n=27)	129	84	108.22	10.96	110	68	85.22	10.32
燧石Chert(n=81)	129	76	106.02	12.19	108	60	82.56	10.81

	有效刃缘Effective edge				有效刃缘指数Effective edge index
	最大值Max	最小值Min	平均值Avg	标准差SD	最大值Max	最小值Min	平均值Avg	标准差SD
白云岩Dolomite (n=16)	86	12	40.77	23.05	25.33	1.34	6.59	6.20
硅质灰岩Siliceous limestone (n=15)	72	14	33.49	16.49	15.00	2.03	5.70	3.65
火山角砾岩Vocalnic Breccia (n=11)	89	16	42.71	24.36	15.83	3.20	6.58	3.46
火山碎屑岩Vocanic clastic rock (n=26)	76	10.3	38.48	17.36	23.33	1.78	6.23	4.69
玛瑙Agate (n=21)	89	7	33.18	21.52	70.00	1.95	12.29	14.63
石英Quartz (n=30)	61.7	13	32.53	12.15	10.00	1.53	5.02	2.57
石英砂岩Quartz sandstone (n=4)	62	16	42.65	20.97	13.48	1.55	6.24	5.34
石英岩Quartzite(n=13)	75	16	38.20	18.23	13.13	0.00	5.14	3.94
燧石Chert(n=69)	80.2	7.4	32.40	17.45	82.75	0.94	12.52	11.85

	有效刃缘Effective edge				有效刃缘指数Effective edge index
	最大值Max	最小值Min	平均值Avg	标准差SD	最大值Max	最小值Min	平均值Avg	标准差SD
白云岩Dolomite (n=16)	86	12	40.77	23.05	25.33	1.34	6.59	6.20
硅质灰岩Siliceous limestone (n=15)	72	14	33.49	16.49	15.00	2.03	5.70	3.65
火山角砾岩Vocalnic Breccia (n=11)	89	16	42.71	24.36	15.83	3.20	6.58	3.46
火山碎屑岩Vocanic clastic rock (n=26)	76	10.3	38.48	17.36	23.33	1.78	6.23	4.69
玛瑙Agate (n=21)	89	7	33.18	21.52	70.00	1.95	12.29	14.63
石英Quartz (n=30)	61.7	13	32.53	12.15	10.00	1.53	5.02	2.57
石英砂岩Quartz sandstone (n=4)	62	16	42.65	20.97	13.48	1.55	6.24	5.34
石英岩Quartzite(n=13)	75	16	38.20	18.23	13.13	0.00	5.14	3.94
燧石Chert(n=69)	80.2	7.4	32.40	17.45	82.75	0.94	12.52	11.85