内蒙古与新疆达斡尔族头面部特征比较

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2024.0061

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究选取内蒙古呼伦贝尔莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗（简称莫旗）和新疆塔城市的健康达斡尔族成人629例（其中男性315例，女性314例）作为研究对象，对40项头面部指标进行调查，并计算5项头面部指数及其分型。用SPSS20.0统计软件和R软件对数据进行统计学处理。研究发现，内蒙古达斡尔族与新疆达斡尔族成人的头面部观特征存在显著性差异，新疆达斡尔族各指标均值多高于内蒙古达斡尔族。内蒙古达斡尔族成人具有头较长，头较宽，面较宽，鼻较狭，鼻较低的头面部特征。新疆达斡尔族成人具有头的长度、宽度中等，鼻狭，鼻低的头面部特征，这可能与地理环境及人群间的交流融合有关。本研究为探寻达斡尔族群间表型特征演变的原因和规律、探讨达斡尔族族源关系等提供了参考依据。

关键词: 达斡尔族, 头面部, 形态特征, 体质人类学

Abstract:

In this study, 629 healthy Daur adults (315 males and 314 females) from Molidavar Autonomous Banner (referred to as Moqi) of Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia and Tacheng City of Xinjiang were selected as research objects. 40 head and face indexes were investigated, and 5 head and face indexes and their subtypes were calculated. The data were processed by SPSS20.0 statistical software and R software.Research has found that there is a significant difference in the head and facial features of adults between the Daur ethnic group in Inner Mongolia and the Daur ethnic group in Xinjiang. The average value of each index of Daur nationality in Xinjiang is higher than that of Daur nationality in Inner Mongolia. Inner Mongolia Daur adults have longer head, wider head, wider face, narrower nose and lower nose. The adults of Daur nationality in Xinjiang have the facial features of medium length and width of head, narrow nose and low nose，which may be related to the geographical environment and communication and integration between populations.This study provides a reference for exploring the reasons and rules of the evolution of phenotypic characteristics between Daur ethnic groups and exploring the origin relationship of Daur ethnic groups.

Key words: Daur, head and face, morphological features, Physical Anthropology

中图分类号:

Q984

李欣, 姜帅, 黄婷, 钟华, 温有锋. 内蒙古与新疆达斡尔族头面部特征比较[J]. 人类学学报, 2024, 43(04): 586-596.

LI Xin, JIANG Shuai, HUANG Ting, ZHONG Hua, WEN Youfeng. A comparison of head and facial characteristics between the Daur ethnic groups in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(04): 586-596.

图/表 8

参考文献 38

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指标Index	类型Type	内蒙古NMG		新疆XJ		合计Total
		男Male	女Female	男Male	女Female	内蒙古NMG	新疆XJ
发旋H_vortex	S型S type	45.3%**	10.8%	87.3%	92.9%	27.6%^＃＃	90.0%
	Z型Z type	14.7%**	7.0%	9.1%	3.9%	10.7%^＃＃	6.6%
	SS型SS type	1.3%**	1.3%	0.6%	0.6%	1.3%^＃＃	0.6%
	ZZ型ZZ type	0.7%**	0.0%	0.0%	0.6%	0.3%^＃＃	0.3%
	SZ型SZ type	5.3%**	0.0%	1.8%	0.0%	2.6%^＃＃	0.9%
	扩散型Diffusion type	32.7%**	81.0%	1.2%	1.9%	57.5%^＃＃	1.6%
头发类型F_hair	直发Lissotrichous	83.3%	78.5%	97.6%	94.8%	80.8%^＃＃	96.3%
	波发Kymatotrichous	15.3%	17.1%	1.2%	3.9%	16.2%^＃＃	2.5%
	卷发Ulotrichous	1.3%	4.4%	1.2%	1.3%	2.9%^＃＃	1.3%
前额发际F_hair-point	尖Apiciform	48.0%	37.3%	84.2%**	71.6%	42.5%^＃＃	78.1%
	否Round	52.0%	62.7%	15.8%**	28.4%	57.5%^＃＃	21.9%
颧部突出度P_zygomatic	扁平Flat	8.7%*	13.9%	6.1%**	22.6%	11.4%^＃＃	14.1%
	中等Medium-sized	57.3%*	64.6%	41.8%**	51.6%	61.0%^＃＃	46.6%
	微弱Weak	34.0%*	21.5%	52.1%**	25.8%	27.6%^＃＃	39.4%
下颏T_chin	后斜型Posterior	14.7%	15.2%	10.9%	7.1%	14.9%^＃＃	9.1%
	直型Straight	51.3%	50.6%	38.8%	41.3%	51.0%^＃＃	40.0%
	凸型Convex	34.0%	34.2%	50.3%	51.6%	34.1%^＃＃	50.9%
前额倾斜度D_forehead	后斜Posterior	31.3%**	7.6%	55.2%**	43.2%	19.2%^＃＃	49.4%
	直型Straight	44.7%**	50.6%	34.5%**	45.2%	47.7%^＃＃	39.7%
	前凸Convex	24.0%**	41.8%	10.3%**	11.6%	33.1%^＃＃	10.9%
眉毛B_eye	稀少Rare	11.3%**	38.0%	27.9%**	57.4%	25.0%^＃＃	42.2%
	中等Medium	58.0%**	57.0%	55.8%**	41.9%	57.5%^＃＃	49.1%
	浓密Dense	30.7%**	5.1%	16.4%**	0.6%	17.5%^＃＃	8.8%
眉弓S_eye-arch	弱Thinner	10.0%**	54.4%	36.4%**	63.2%	32.8%^＃＃	49.4%
	中等Medium	66.7%**	42.4%	35.2%**	34.2%	54.2%^＃＃	34.7%
	粗壮Sturdy	23.3%**	3.2%	28.5%**	2.6%	13.0%^＃＃	15.9%
上唇侧面观P_up-lip	凸唇型Convex lip	11.3%	8.9%	40.0%	40.0%	10.1%^＃＃	40.0%
	正唇型Normal lip	62.7%	59.5%	35.8%	40.0%	61.0%^＃＃	37.8%
	缩唇型Shrinkage lip	26.0%	31.6%	24.2%	20.0%	28.9%^＃＃	22.2%
美人沟B_ditch	无Naught	86.7%	87.3%	70.3%**	85.8%	87.0%^＃＃	77.8%
	微弱Low	9.3%	10.8%	20.6%**	11.0%	10.1%^＃＃	15.9%
	明显Deep	4.0%	1.9%	9.1%**	3.2%	2.9%^＃＃	6.3%

指标Index	类型Type	内蒙古NMG		新疆XJ		合计Total
		男Male	女Female	男Male	女Female	内蒙古NMG	新疆XJ
发旋H_vortex	S型S type	45.3%**	10.8%	87.3%	92.9%	27.6%^＃＃	90.0%
	Z型Z type	14.7%**	7.0%	9.1%	3.9%	10.7%^＃＃	6.6%
	SS型SS type	1.3%**	1.3%	0.6%	0.6%	1.3%^＃＃	0.6%
	ZZ型ZZ type	0.7%**	0.0%	0.0%	0.6%	0.3%^＃＃	0.3%
	SZ型SZ type	5.3%**	0.0%	1.8%	0.0%	2.6%^＃＃	0.9%
	扩散型Diffusion type	32.7%**	81.0%	1.2%	1.9%	57.5%^＃＃	1.6%
头发类型F_hair	直发Lissotrichous	83.3%	78.5%	97.6%	94.8%	80.8%^＃＃	96.3%
	波发Kymatotrichous	15.3%	17.1%	1.2%	3.9%	16.2%^＃＃	2.5%
	卷发Ulotrichous	1.3%	4.4%	1.2%	1.3%	2.9%^＃＃	1.3%
前额发际F_hair-point	尖Apiciform	48.0%	37.3%	84.2%**	71.6%	42.5%^＃＃	78.1%
	否Round	52.0%	62.7%	15.8%**	28.4%	57.5%^＃＃	21.9%
颧部突出度P_zygomatic	扁平Flat	8.7%*	13.9%	6.1%**	22.6%	11.4%^＃＃	14.1%
	中等Medium-sized	57.3%*	64.6%	41.8%**	51.6%	61.0%^＃＃	46.6%
	微弱Weak	34.0%*	21.5%	52.1%**	25.8%	27.6%^＃＃	39.4%
下颏T_chin	后斜型Posterior	14.7%	15.2%	10.9%	7.1%	14.9%^＃＃	9.1%
	直型Straight	51.3%	50.6%	38.8%	41.3%	51.0%^＃＃	40.0%
	凸型Convex	34.0%	34.2%	50.3%	51.6%	34.1%^＃＃	50.9%
前额倾斜度D_forehead	后斜Posterior	31.3%**	7.6%	55.2%**	43.2%	19.2%^＃＃	49.4%
	直型Straight	44.7%**	50.6%	34.5%**	45.2%	47.7%^＃＃	39.7%
	前凸Convex	24.0%**	41.8%	10.3%**	11.6%	33.1%^＃＃	10.9%
眉毛B_eye	稀少Rare	11.3%**	38.0%	27.9%**	57.4%	25.0%^＃＃	42.2%
	中等Medium	58.0%**	57.0%	55.8%**	41.9%	57.5%^＃＃	49.1%
	浓密Dense	30.7%**	5.1%	16.4%**	0.6%	17.5%^＃＃	8.8%
眉弓S_eye-arch	弱Thinner	10.0%**	54.4%	36.4%**	63.2%	32.8%^＃＃	49.4%
	中等Medium	66.7%**	42.4%	35.2%**	34.2%	54.2%^＃＃	34.7%
	粗壮Sturdy	23.3%**	3.2%	28.5%**	2.6%	13.0%^＃＃	15.9%
上唇侧面观P_up-lip	凸唇型Convex lip	11.3%	8.9%	40.0%	40.0%	10.1%^＃＃	40.0%
	正唇型Normal lip	62.7%	59.5%	35.8%	40.0%	61.0%^＃＃	37.8%
	缩唇型Shrinkage lip	26.0%	31.6%	24.2%	20.0%	28.9%^＃＃	22.2%
美人沟B_ditch	无Naught	86.7%	87.3%	70.3%**	85.8%	87.0%^＃＃	77.8%
	微弱Low	9.3%	10.8%	20.6%**	11.0%	10.1%^＃＃	15.9%
	明显Deep	4.0%	1.9%	9.1%**	3.2%	2.9%^＃＃	6.3%

指标Index	类型Type	内蒙古NMG		新疆XJ		合计Total
指标Index	类型Type	男Male	女Female	男Male	女Female	内蒙古NMG	新疆XJ
上眼睑皱褶E_up-eye	有Have	34.7%*	48.1%	25.5%	32.3%	41.6%^＃＃	28.8%
	无Naught	65.3%*	51.9%	74.5%	67.7%	58.4%^＃＃	71.3%
蒙古褶F_mon	有Have	77.3%*	64.6%	43.6%	34.8%	70.8%^＃＃	39.4%
	无Naught	22.7%*	35.4%	56.4%	65.2%	29.2%^＃＃	60.6%
眼裂高度H_ope-eye	狭窄Augusty	57.3%*	45.6%	18.8%	16.1%	51.3%^＃＃	17.5%
	中等Moderately	42.7%*	51.3%	60.6%	55.5%	47.1%^＃＃	58.1%
	较宽Relatively brosd	0.0%*	3.2%	20.6%	28.4%	1.6%^##	24.4%
眼裂倾斜度D_eye	内角高Interior angle higher than exterior angle	12.7%*	15.8%	74.5%	81.3%	14.3%^＃＃	77.8%
	水平Horizontal	59.3%*	69.0%	17.6%	14.8%	64.3%^＃＃	16.3%
	外角高Exterior angle higher than interior angle	28.0%*	15.2%	7.9%	3.9%	21.4%^＃＃	5.9%
耳尖T_ear	猕猴型Macaque	2.0%**	1.3%	3.6%	1.9%	1.6%^＃＃	2.8%
	长尾猴型Vervet monkey type	13.3%**	26.6%	33.3%	28.4%	20.1%^＃＃	30.9%
	尖耳尖型Pointed ear tip	0.7%**	1.9%	13.9%	14.8%	1.3%^＃＃	14.4%
	圆耳尖型Round ear tip	16.0%**	24.1%	48.5%	54.8%	20.1%^＃＃	51.6%
	耳尖微显Ear tip microphenotype	14.0%**	15.2%	0.6%	0.0%	14.6%^＃＃	0.3%
	缺耳尖型Tipless	54.0%**	31.0%	0.0%	0.0%	42.2%^＃＃	0.0%
耳垂T_lobe	圆形Round type	26.7%	35.4%	48.5%	52.3%	31.2%^＃＃	50.3%
	方形Square type	36.7%	25.9%	35.8%	32.3%	31.2%^＃＃	34.1%
	三角形Triangular type	36.7%	38.6%	15.8%	15.5%	37.7%^＃＃	15.6%
鼻根高度H_nas-root	低平Low and flat	26.0%**	53.2%	47.9%**	71.6%	39.9%^＃＃	59.4%
	中等Medium sized	47.3%**	39.9%	41.2%**	27.1%	43.5%^＃＃	34.4%
	较高Relatively high	26.7%**	7.0%	10.9%**	1.3%	16.6%^＃＃	6.3%
鼻背侧面观P_nasal	凹型Concavity type	7.3%**	15.8%	28.5%**	47.7%	11.7%^＃＃	37.8%
	直型Straight type	70.7%**	64.6%	45.5%**	31.0%	67.5%^＃＃	38.4%
	凸型Protruding type	15.3%**	18.4%	15.8%**	9.7%	16.9%^＃＃	12.8%
	波型Wave type	6.7%**	1.3%	10.3%**	11.6%	3.9%^＃＃	10.9%
鼻基底方向 D_nose-base	上翘型Upwarp	37.3%**	32.3%	34.5%**	59.4%	34.7%^＃＃	46.6%
鼻基底方向 D_nose-base	水平型Horizontal	31.3%**	48.7%	50.3%**	35.5%	40.3%^＃＃	43.1%
	下垂型Descensus	31.3%**	19.0%	15.2%**	5.2%	25.0%^＃＃	10.3%
鼻孔最大径位置MD_nostrils	水平Transverse	14.7%*	16.5%	17.0%*	26.5%	15.6%	21.6%
鼻孔最大径位置MD_nostrils	倾斜Oblique	66.0%*	52.5%	66.1%*	51.0%	59.1%	58.8%
	矢状Vertical	19.3%*	31.0%	17.0%*	22.6%	25.3%	19.7%

指标Index	类型Type	内蒙古NMG		新疆XJ		合计Total
指标Index	类型Type	男Male	女Female	男Male	女Female	内蒙古NMG	新疆XJ
上眼睑皱褶E_up-eye	有Have	34.7%*	48.1%	25.5%	32.3%	41.6%^＃＃	28.8%
	无Naught	65.3%*	51.9%	74.5%	67.7%	58.4%^＃＃	71.3%
蒙古褶F_mon	有Have	77.3%*	64.6%	43.6%	34.8%	70.8%^＃＃	39.4%
	无Naught	22.7%*	35.4%	56.4%	65.2%	29.2%^＃＃	60.6%
眼裂高度H_ope-eye	狭窄Augusty	57.3%*	45.6%	18.8%	16.1%	51.3%^＃＃	17.5%
	中等Moderately	42.7%*	51.3%	60.6%	55.5%	47.1%^＃＃	58.1%
	较宽Relatively brosd	0.0%*	3.2%	20.6%	28.4%	1.6%^##	24.4%
眼裂倾斜度D_eye	内角高Interior angle higher than exterior angle	12.7%*	15.8%	74.5%	81.3%	14.3%^＃＃	77.8%
	水平Horizontal	59.3%*	69.0%	17.6%	14.8%	64.3%^＃＃	16.3%
	外角高Exterior angle higher than interior angle	28.0%*	15.2%	7.9%	3.9%	21.4%^＃＃	5.9%
耳尖T_ear	猕猴型Macaque	2.0%**	1.3%	3.6%	1.9%	1.6%^＃＃	2.8%
	长尾猴型Vervet monkey type	13.3%**	26.6%	33.3%	28.4%	20.1%^＃＃	30.9%
	尖耳尖型Pointed ear tip	0.7%**	1.9%	13.9%	14.8%	1.3%^＃＃	14.4%
	圆耳尖型Round ear tip	16.0%**	24.1%	48.5%	54.8%	20.1%^＃＃	51.6%
	耳尖微显Ear tip microphenotype	14.0%**	15.2%	0.6%	0.0%	14.6%^＃＃	0.3%
	缺耳尖型Tipless	54.0%**	31.0%	0.0%	0.0%	42.2%^＃＃	0.0%
耳垂T_lobe	圆形Round type	26.7%	35.4%	48.5%	52.3%	31.2%^＃＃	50.3%
	方形Square type	36.7%	25.9%	35.8%	32.3%	31.2%^＃＃	34.1%
	三角形Triangular type	36.7%	38.6%	15.8%	15.5%	37.7%^＃＃	15.6%
鼻根高度H_nas-root	低平Low and flat	26.0%**	53.2%	47.9%**	71.6%	39.9%^＃＃	59.4%
	中等Medium sized	47.3%**	39.9%	41.2%**	27.1%	43.5%^＃＃	34.4%
	较高Relatively high	26.7%**	7.0%	10.9%**	1.3%	16.6%^＃＃	6.3%
鼻背侧面观P_nasal	凹型Concavity type	7.3%**	15.8%	28.5%**	47.7%	11.7%^＃＃	37.8%
	直型Straight type	70.7%**	64.6%	45.5%**	31.0%	67.5%^＃＃	38.4%
	凸型Protruding type	15.3%**	18.4%	15.8%**	9.7%	16.9%^＃＃	12.8%
	波型Wave type	6.7%**	1.3%	10.3%**	11.6%	3.9%^＃＃	10.9%
鼻基底方向 D_nose-base	上翘型Upwarp	37.3%**	32.3%	34.5%**	59.4%	34.7%^＃＃	46.6%
鼻基底方向 D_nose-base	水平型Horizontal	31.3%**	48.7%	50.3%**	35.5%	40.3%^＃＃	43.1%
	下垂型Descensus	31.3%**	19.0%	15.2%**	5.2%	25.0%^＃＃	10.3%
鼻孔最大径位置MD_nostrils	水平Transverse	14.7%*	16.5%	17.0%*	26.5%	15.6%	21.6%
鼻孔最大径位置MD_nostrils	倾斜Oblique	66.0%*	52.5%	66.1%*	51.0%	59.1%	58.8%
	矢状Vertical	19.3%*	31.0%	17.0%*	22.6%	25.3%	19.7%

指标Index	内蒙古NMG		新疆XJ		合计Total
	男Male	女Female	男Male	女Female	内蒙古NMG	新疆XJ
头长L_{head length}	18.40±1.54**	17.79±1.22	18.83±0.93**	18.11±0.87	18.08±1.42^＃＃	18.48±0.97
头宽B_head	15.15±1.30**	14.41±0.97	15.69±0.84**	15.06±0.89	14.77±1.20^＃＃	15.38±0.92
额最小宽B_min-forehead	11.82±1.21**	11.17±0.97	12.69±1.03**	12.39±0.85	11.48±1.14^＃＃	12.55±0.95
耳上头高H_{head-ear ear height}	13.09±1.22**	12.60±1.36	13.01±1.50	12.77±1.61	12.83±1.32	12.90±1.56
头围C_head	56.03±1.98**	55.42±1.74	57.87±1.94**	56.35±1.94	55.72±1.88^＃＃	57.13±2.08
面宽B_face	13.96±1.17**	13.18±1.19	14.79±1.18**	14.19±1.07	13.56±1.24^＃＃	14.50±1.16
容貌面高H_phy-fac	20.36±0.95**	19.60±1.20	19.28±1.14**	18.41±0.94	19.97±1.15^＃＃	18.85±1.13
形态面高H_mor-face	12.16±1.11**	11.24±1.08	13.52±0.89**	12.80±0.82	11.69±1.18^＃＃	13.17±0.93
下颌角间宽B_bigonlal	12.25±1.28**	11.16±1.32	11.53±1.10**	10.96±1.00	11.69±1.41^＃＃	11.25±1.09
眼内角间宽B_inter	3.04±0.50**	2.76±0.51	3.18±0.38	3.18±0.35	2.90±0.52^＃＃	3.18±0.36
眼外角间宽B_exter	9.60±0.70**	9.32±0.78	9.25±0.71**	8.82±0.69	9.46±0.75^＃＃	9.04±0.73
容貌耳长L_ear	6.56±0.78	6.52±0.65	6.92±0.66**	6.53±0.63	6.54±0.72^＃＃	6.73±0.67
容貌耳宽B_ear	3.01±0.46	2.93±0.42	3.14±0.44*	3.02±0.47	2.97±0.44^＃＃	3.08±0.46
口裂宽 B_mouth	5.81±0.69**	5.53±0.66	5.51±0.55**	5.14±0.50	5.67±0.69^＃＃	5.33±0.56
上唇高度H_up-lip	1.69±0.39	1.63±0.42	2.17±0.30**	1.87±0.29	1.66±0.40^＃＃	2.02±0.33
唇高 H_lip	1.55±0.55*	1.41±0.51	1.57±0.44	1.53±0.36	1.48±0.53^＃＃	1.55±0.40
上红唇厚度L_thi-lip	0.57±0.28	0.51±0.27	0.72±0.26	0.70±0.22	0.54±0.28	0.71±0.24
鼻宽B_nasal	3.88±0.46**	3.51±0.43	4.06±0.45**	3.68±0.32	3.69±0.48^＃＃	3.87±0.44
鼻高H_nasal	5.20±0.82**	4.86±0.67	6.76±0.66**	6.38±0.57	5.03±0.76^＃＃	6.57±0.65
鼻长L_nasal	4.35±0.76**	4.05±0.63	6.15±0.69**	5.76±0.56	4.20±0.71^＃＃	5.96±0.66