二十一世纪以来泥河湾盆地古人类活动的发现与研究进展

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2024.0086

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

泥河湾盆地是揭示我国更新世环境变化与古人类演化及文化发展的关键区域。进入二十一世纪以来，大量重要遗址的发现与发掘，扩大了古人类的活动范围，为构建区域内古人类技术演化序列提供了重要信息。古地磁、光释光、¹⁴C、宇宙成因核素等测年手段的介入，初步构建了泥河湾盆地古人类活动的年代框架。古人类化石研究以许家窑人的形态学研究为特色，推测华北古老型智人可能是欧洲先驱人或者尼安德特人的祖先向东亚扩散，与东亚直立人杂交的后代。针对滨湖相沉积环境，多项研究复原了古人类活动遗址的埋藏过程。多个关键时间段遗址的石器技术与生存行为研究，初步探明古人类在不同时期的石器技术特点及行为的复杂与变革。对盆地内沉积序列与关键遗址及时间段地层的多指标环境重建，为系统探究人类适应行为的环境动因打下基础。山神庙咀遗址的发现和研究与许家窑人遗址的深入探索，预示人类活动与动物资源关系的研究潜力。作为非洲以外保存古人类活动遗址最为丰富的地区之一，泥河湾盆地逐渐成为实证我国百万年人类史的经典区域，也必将对东亚人类演化、文化发展与行为适应模式的构建提供新的贡献。

关键词: 二十一世纪, 考古发现, 人类活动, 更新世, 泥河湾盆地

Abstract:

The Nihewan Basin, filled with fluvial and lacustrine Quaternary deposits contains the densest concentration of Paleolithic sites outside of Africa, and is considered the key region to study environmental fluctuations and human adaptations in North China. Many archaeological discoveries and sites have led to an enlargement of the occupation area and also provided significant information on technological sequences in the Basin. Other developments include new work on magnetostratigraphic, OSL and cosmogenic nuclide dating techniques that have built the chronological framework of human occupation. Paleoanthropological research of the Xujiaoyao hominin remains supports the idea of continuity with hybridization as a major force shaping Chinese populations during the late Middle and early Late Pleistocene. Site formation processes have indicated different site exploitation in the Basin. Lithic technological studies have shown behavioral complexity and technological innovation by Pleistocene humans. Paleoenvironmental reconstruction contribute to explore the human adapted behaviors and environmental driving mechanism. Study of mammalian fauna from the Shanshenmiaozui site paints a more complete picture of Nihewan fauna, and analysis of hominin-carnivore interactions of Xujiaoyao archaic Homo provides a starting point for zooarchaeological work in the Basin.

The Nihewan Basin has become the classic region for demonstrating millions of years of human prehistory in China, knowledge that complements biological and cultural developments in the Old World.

Key words: Twenty-first Century, Archaeological discovery, Human occupation, Pleistocene, Nihewan Basin

中图分类号:

K871.11

裴树文, 王法岗, 牛东伟. 二十一世纪以来泥河湾盆地古人类活动的发现与研究进展[J]. 人类学学报, 2024, 43(06): 913-933.

PEI Shuwen, WANG Fagang, NIU Dongwei. A general review on the discovery and research progress of hominins in the Nihewan Basin since the 21^st century[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(06): 913-933.

图/表 1

图1 泥河湾盆地重要遗址地理位置图 A-B.泥河湾盆地地理位置Geographic location of the Nihewan Basin；C.怀来盆地新发现地点Newly discovered sites in Huailai；D.泥河湾盆地东部及岑家湾台地及部分遗址地理位置Location of east part of the Nihewan Basin and Cenjiawan Platform as well as some sites；E.阳原西部遗址与岑家湾台地及蔚县位置Location of Paleolithic sites in the west part of Yangyuan and location of Cenjiawan Platform and Yuxian；F.阳原南部及蔚县遗址位置Location of sites in the south part of Yangyuan and Yuxian. 1, 4, 7. 2000年以前发掘Excavated before 2000；2, 5, 8. 2000年以前、2000年以后均有发掘Excavated before 2000, and after 2000；3, 6, 9. 2000年以后发掘Excavated after 2000.

Fig.1 Geographic location of key Paleolithic sites in the Nihewan Basin

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