人类学学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (01): 132-147.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2018.0036
孙青丽1,2(), 朔知3, 吴妍2,4, 杨益民2,5()
收稿日期:
2018-02-17
修回日期:
2018-05-10
出版日期:
2019-02-15
发布日期:
2020-09-11
通讯作者:
杨益民
作者简介:
孙青丽,女,从事残留物分析研究,E-mail: 基金资助:
SUN Qingli1,2(), SHUO Zhi3, WU Yan2,4, YANG Yimin2,5()
Received:
2018-02-17
Revised:
2018-05-10
Online:
2019-02-15
Published:
2020-09-11
Contact:
YANG Yimin
摘要:
刻槽盆是一种内壁遍布粗糙刻划纹的特殊陶器。目前,对其功能尚没有统一的认识,而淀粉粒分析无疑将提供重要信息。本文对安徽省含山县凌家滩遗址(5500~5300 BP)发掘出土的18件刻槽盆残片开展淀粉粒分析,在陶片上发现种类丰富的淀粉粒,其中以薏苡(Coix lacryma-jobi L.)和未定禾本科(Poaceae)为主,其次是小麦族(Triticeae tribe)、壳斗科栎属(Quercus L.)和其他根茎类植物的淀粉粒,豇豆属(Vigna sp.)、莲藕(Nelumbo nucifera)和山药(Dioscorea opposita Thunb.)的淀粉粒相对较少。上述结果表明刻槽盆主要用于加工野生植物资源。值得注意的是,在器物上发现了大量受到研磨/杵捣处理的破损淀粉粒或烹煮导致的糊化淀粉粒,这表明它们应该用于研磨/杵捣和烹煮食物。淀粉粒的统计分析结果表明,先民的生业方式在不同时期发生了细微变化,薏苡和未定禾本科植物的比例虽仍占据着优势,但先民已开始有意识地减少对这两类植物的依赖,逐渐加强了对小麦族、栎属、豇豆属和根茎类植物资源的开发和利用。对具有加工痕迹的淀粉粒进行分析,发现先民在加工各类型植物时,始终采用研磨为主、烹煮为辅的方式,刻槽盆的功能在不同时期无明显变化。
中图分类号:
孙青丽, 朔知, 吴妍, 杨益民. 安徽含山凌家滩遗址出土刻槽盆的淀粉粒分析[J]. 人类学学报, 2019, 38(01): 132-147.
SUN Qingli, SHUO Zhi, WU Yan, YANG Yimin. Starch grain analysis of the grooved basin from the Lingjiatan site, Hanshan county, Anhui Province[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2019, 38(01): 132-147.
图2 凌家滩遗址出土的刻槽盆残片样品
Fig.2 Samples of grooved basins at Lingjiatan site (1~3样品编号分别为TW48N02(11)a:77、TW48N02(11)a:78和TW48N02(11)a:79;4~8分别为TW48N02(9):33、TW48N02(9): 44、TW48N02(9):45、TW48N02(9):46和TW48N02(9):47;9~12号分别为TW48S01(15):53、TW48S01(15):54、TW48S01(15):55和TW48S01(15):57;13~18号分别为TW48S01(11):29、TW48S01(11):30、TW48S01(11):40、TW48S01(11):41、TW48S01(11):42和TW48S01(11):43); (scale bar=40mm)
样品编号 | 提取位置 | Ia | Ib | II | IIIa | IIIb | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | IXa | IXb | IXc | IXd | IXe | IXf | 总计 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TW48N02(11)a:77 | 内壁 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 54 |
外壁 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | |
TW48N02(11)a:78 | 内壁 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 |
外壁 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | |
TW48N02(11)a:79 | 内壁 | 68 | 60 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 19 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 165 |
外壁 | 15 | 5 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 38 | |
TW48N02(9):33 | 内壁 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 40 |
外壁 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | |
TW48N02(9): 44 | 内壁 | 0 | 27 | 14 | 4 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 1 | 88 |
外壁 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 19 | |
TW48N02(9):45 | 内壁 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 40 |
外壁 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | |
TW48N02(9):46 | 内壁 | 10 | 24 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 67 |
外壁 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 20 | |
TW48N02(9):47 | 内壁 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
外壁 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | |
TW48S01(15):53 | 内壁 | 13 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 36 |
外壁 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | |
TW48S01(15):54 | 内壁 | 12 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 30 |
外壁 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |
TW48S01(15):55 | 内壁 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 26 |
外壁 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10 | |
TW48S01(15):57 | 内壁 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 45 |
外壁 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | |
TW48S01(11):29 | 内壁 | 3 | 21 | 11 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 65 |
外壁 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 30 | |
TW48S01(11):30 | 内壁 | 9 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 28 |
外壁 | 22 | 14 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 66 | |
TW48S01(11):40 | 内壁 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 |
外壁 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | |
TW48S01(11):41 | 内壁 | 29 | 35 | 28 | 0 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 134 |
外壁 | 5 | 10 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 | |
TW48S01(11):42 | 内壁 | 11 | 13 | 9 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 42 |
外壁 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | |
TW48S01(11):43 | 内壁 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 17 |
外壁 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 | |
空白样 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
总计 | 291 | 315 | 230 | 60 | 31 | 16 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 29 | 108 | 46 | 16 | 9 | 38 | 38 | 1237 |
表1 刻槽盆上各类型的淀粉粒
Tab.1 Different types of starch grains in grooved basins
样品编号 | 提取位置 | Ia | Ib | II | IIIa | IIIb | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | IXa | IXb | IXc | IXd | IXe | IXf | 总计 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TW48N02(11)a:77 | 内壁 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 54 |
外壁 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | |
TW48N02(11)a:78 | 内壁 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 |
外壁 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | |
TW48N02(11)a:79 | 内壁 | 68 | 60 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 19 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 165 |
外壁 | 15 | 5 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 38 | |
TW48N02(9):33 | 内壁 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 40 |
外壁 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | |
TW48N02(9): 44 | 内壁 | 0 | 27 | 14 | 4 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 1 | 88 |
外壁 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 19 | |
TW48N02(9):45 | 内壁 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 40 |
外壁 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | |
TW48N02(9):46 | 内壁 | 10 | 24 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 67 |
外壁 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 20 | |
TW48N02(9):47 | 内壁 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
外壁 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | |
TW48S01(15):53 | 内壁 | 13 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 36 |
外壁 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | |
TW48S01(15):54 | 内壁 | 12 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 30 |
外壁 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |
TW48S01(15):55 | 内壁 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 26 |
外壁 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10 | |
TW48S01(15):57 | 内壁 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 45 |
外壁 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | |
TW48S01(11):29 | 内壁 | 3 | 21 | 11 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 65 |
外壁 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 30 | |
TW48S01(11):30 | 内壁 | 9 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 28 |
外壁 | 22 | 14 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 66 | |
TW48S01(11):40 | 内壁 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 |
外壁 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | |
TW48S01(11):41 | 内壁 | 29 | 35 | 28 | 0 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 134 |
外壁 | 5 | 10 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 | |
TW48S01(11):42 | 内壁 | 11 | 13 | 9 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 42 |
外壁 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | |
TW48S01(11):43 | 内壁 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 17 |
外壁 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 | |
空白样 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
总计 | 291 | 315 | 230 | 60 | 31 | 16 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 29 | 108 | 46 | 16 | 9 | 38 | 38 | 1237 |
图3 刻槽盆上可鉴定类型的淀粉粒
Fig.3 Identified starch grains extracted from grooved basins(Lbar=20μm) I类:A~F;II类:G~J;III类:K~N;IV类:O和P;V类:Q和R;VI类:S和T;VII类:U和V;VIII类:W和X
图4 刻槽盆上无法鉴定的淀粉粒
Fig.4 Unidentified starch grains extracted from grooved basins IXa类:A和B;IXb类:C和D;IXc类:E~H;IXd类:I~N;IXe类:O~T(scale bar: I and J=50 μm; others=20μm)
图5 刻槽盆上的植硅体、花粉和矿物颗粒
Fig.5 Phytoliths, pollens and mineral particles extracted from grooved basins (scale bar: C and D=10μm, others=20μm) A~H:矿物;I:未知颗粒;J:蕨类植物;K:棒型植硅体;L:哑铃型植硅体;M:尖型植硅体;N:方型植硅体;O:芦苇扇型植硅体;P:水稻扇型植硅体;Q:植物孢子
样品编号 | 加工方式 | Ia | Ib | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | IXa | IXb | IXc | IXd | IXe | IXf | 总计 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TW48N02(11)a:77 | 研磨/杵捣 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 19 |
烹煮 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | |
TW48N02(11)a:78 | 研磨/杵捣 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 |
烹煮 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
TW48N02(11)a:79 | 研磨/杵捣 | 16 | 19 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 |
烹煮 | 8 | 16 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 31 | |
TW48N02(9):33 | 研磨/杵捣 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 12 |
烹煮 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | |
TW48N02(9): 44 | 研磨/杵捣 | 0 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 21 |
烹煮 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 14 | |
TW48N02(9):45 | 研磨/杵捣 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 9 |
烹煮 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | |
TW48N02(9):46 | 研磨/杵捣 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 18 |
烹煮 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | |
TW48N02(9):47 | 研磨/杵捣 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
烹煮 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |
TW48S01(15):53 | 研磨/杵捣 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 18 |
烹煮 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 | |
TW48S01(15):54 | 研磨/杵捣 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
烹煮 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | |
TW48S01(15):55 | 研磨/杵捣 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 13 |
烹煮 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 9 | |
TW48S01(15):57 | 研磨/杵捣 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 22 |
烹煮 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | |
TW48S01(11):29 | 研磨/杵捣 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 16 |
烹煮 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 | |
TW48S01(11):30 | 研磨/杵捣 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
烹煮 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
TW48S01(11):40 | 研磨/杵捣 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
烹煮 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
TW48S01(11):41 | 研磨/杵捣 | 17 | 15 | 22 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 79 |
烹煮 | 1 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 26 | |
TW48S01(11):42 | 研磨/杵捣 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 |
烹煮 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 | |
TW48S01(11):43 | 研磨/杵捣 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
烹煮 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
表2 刻槽盆上具有加工痕迹的淀粉粒数量
Tab.2 Processed starch grains in grooved basins
样品编号 | 加工方式 | Ia | Ib | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | IXa | IXb | IXc | IXd | IXe | IXf | 总计 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TW48N02(11)a:77 | 研磨/杵捣 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 19 |
烹煮 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | |
TW48N02(11)a:78 | 研磨/杵捣 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 |
烹煮 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
TW48N02(11)a:79 | 研磨/杵捣 | 16 | 19 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 |
烹煮 | 8 | 16 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 31 | |
TW48N02(9):33 | 研磨/杵捣 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 12 |
烹煮 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | |
TW48N02(9): 44 | 研磨/杵捣 | 0 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 21 |
烹煮 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 14 | |
TW48N02(9):45 | 研磨/杵捣 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 9 |
烹煮 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | |
TW48N02(9):46 | 研磨/杵捣 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 18 |
烹煮 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | |
TW48N02(9):47 | 研磨/杵捣 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
烹煮 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |
TW48S01(15):53 | 研磨/杵捣 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 18 |
烹煮 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 | |
TW48S01(15):54 | 研磨/杵捣 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
烹煮 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | |
TW48S01(15):55 | 研磨/杵捣 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 13 |
烹煮 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 9 | |
TW48S01(15):57 | 研磨/杵捣 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 22 |
烹煮 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | |
TW48S01(11):29 | 研磨/杵捣 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 16 |
烹煮 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 | |
TW48S01(11):30 | 研磨/杵捣 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
烹煮 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
TW48S01(11):40 | 研磨/杵捣 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
烹煮 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
TW48S01(11):41 | 研磨/杵捣 | 17 | 15 | 22 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 79 |
烹煮 | 1 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 26 | |
TW48S01(11):42 | 研磨/杵捣 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 |
烹煮 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 | |
TW48S01(11):43 | 研磨/杵捣 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
烹煮 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
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