张掖西城驿遗址新石器时代晚期-青铜时代人类冶金活动的元素地球化学记录

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2019.0012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文通过张掖西城驿遗址文化层沉积物及现代表土沉积物元素地球化学分析,结合高分辨率碳化植物种子¹⁴C 测年和最新考古发掘资料,揭示了西城驿遗址4200-3500 BP cal期间人类活动特征,佐证了不同文化阶段人类冶金活动强度变化。Rb/Sr比值、磁化率和重金属元素(Cu、Zn、Pb、As、Ni)含量变化过程显示,西城驿地区4200-4000 BP cal马厂文化时期人类活动增强,冶金活动开始出现;4000-3700 BP cal西城驿文化时期出现了冶金高峰期;四坝文化时期(3700-3500 BP cal)冶金活动强度相对减弱。

关键词: 西城驿遗址, 元素地球化学, 人类活动强度, 铜冶炼

Abstract:

This paper describes elemental geochemical analysis of natural and anthropogenic sediment samples systematically collected from the Xichengyi late Neolithic-Bronze Age site at Zhangye, and combined high-resolution radiocarbon (¹⁴C) dates of charred plants seeds with the latest archaeological findings. Results indicated characteristic human activities between 4200 and 3500 BP cal including changes in the intensity of human smelting activities during different prehistoric phases. Variations in Rb/Sr, magnetic susceptibility and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, As and Ni) suggested that with an increase in human activities, copper smelting began to appear from 4200 to 4000 BP cal. Copper smelting substantially increased between 4000 and 3700 BP cal and declined after 3700 BP cal.

Key words: Xichengyi site, Elemental geochemistry, Human activity, Copper smelting

中图分类号:

O656.32

陈国科, 杨谊时, 张山佳, 王辉. 张掖西城驿遗址新石器时代晚期-青铜时代人类冶金活动的元素地球化学记录[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(01): 87-96.

CHEN Guoke, YANG Yishi, ZHANG Shanjia, WANG Hui. Elemental geochemistry records of metallurgical activities during the late Neolithic and Bronze age in the Xichengyi site, Zhangye[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(01): 87-96.

图/表 4

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实验室编号 Lab No.	采样单位 Samping position	测年材料 Dating material	¹⁴C年龄 Radioncarbon age (a BP)	树轮校正年龄 Calibrated age (BP cal)		文化类型 Cultural type	参考文献 Reference
实验室编号 Lab No.	采样单位 Samping position	测年材料 Dating material	¹⁴C年龄 Radioncarbon age (a BP)	1Sigma(68.2%)	2Sigma(95.4%)	文化类型 Cultural type	参考文献 Reference
ZK3458	T0301-6e	炭化植物	3412±24	3633-3695	3586-3719	四坝文化	[31,33]
ZK3480	T0301-F4④	木炭	3451±24	3644-3818	3640-3826	四坝文化	[31,33]
ZK3477	T0301-F4①	炭化植物	3355±24	3571-3632	3511-3686	四坝文化	[31,33]
ZK3457	T0301-6c	小麦	3391±26	3594-3686	3575-3695	四坝文化	[31,33]
ZK4997	T0301-M4	人骨	3481±25	3702-3826	3650-3834	四坝文化	[31,33]
ZK5017	T0302-6a	羊骨	3452±22	3645-3818	3640-3826	四坝文化	[31,33]
ZK3501	T0301-H8①	木炭	3401±24	3612-3690	3581-3699	四坝文化	[31,33]
ZK3487	T0302-H8④	木炭	3480±22	3701-3826	3692-3832	四坝文化	[31,33]
ZK3468	T0301-5a	炭化植物	3396±25	3608-3689	3580-3695	四坝文化	[31,33]
LZU15133	地层-9	木炭	3670±25	3931-4079	3920-4086	西城驿文化	本文
LZU15135	地层-11	粟	3610±50	3853-3978	3731-4084	西城驿文化	本文
LZU15134	地层-20	粟	3745±25	4013-4150	3988-4223	马厂文化	本文
ZK3464	T0301-8c	炭化植物	3700±24	3987-4085	3972-4145	马厂文化	[31,33]

实验室编号 Lab No.	采样单位 Samping position	测年材料 Dating material	¹⁴C年龄 Radioncarbon age (a BP)	树轮校正年龄 Calibrated age (BP cal)		文化类型 Cultural type	参考文献 Reference
实验室编号 Lab No.	采样单位 Samping position	测年材料 Dating material	¹⁴C年龄 Radioncarbon age (a BP)	1Sigma(68.2%)	2Sigma(95.4%)	文化类型 Cultural type	参考文献 Reference
ZK3458	T0301-6e	炭化植物	3412±24	3633-3695	3586-3719	四坝文化	[31,33]
ZK3480	T0301-F4④	木炭	3451±24	3644-3818	3640-3826	四坝文化	[31,33]
ZK3477	T0301-F4①	炭化植物	3355±24	3571-3632	3511-3686	四坝文化	[31,33]
ZK3457	T0301-6c	小麦	3391±26	3594-3686	3575-3695	四坝文化	[31,33]
ZK4997	T0301-M4	人骨	3481±25	3702-3826	3650-3834	四坝文化	[31,33]
ZK5017	T0302-6a	羊骨	3452±22	3645-3818	3640-3826	四坝文化	[31,33]
ZK3501	T0301-H8①	木炭	3401±24	3612-3690	3581-3699	四坝文化	[31,33]
ZK3487	T0302-H8④	木炭	3480±22	3701-3826	3692-3832	四坝文化	[31,33]
ZK3468	T0301-5a	炭化植物	3396±25	3608-3689	3580-3695	四坝文化	[31,33]
LZU15133	地层-9	木炭	3670±25	3931-4079	3920-4086	西城驿文化	本文
LZU15135	地层-11	粟	3610±50	3853-3978	3731-4084	西城驿文化	本文
LZU15134	地层-20	粟	3745±25	4013-4150	3988-4223	马厂文化	本文
ZK3464	T0301-8c	炭化植物	3700±24	3987-4085	3972-4145	马厂文化	[31,33]