中国黄土高原北部地区新石器-青铜时代农业结构演变及其对区域生态环境的适应

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2019.0053

人类学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (03): 461-472.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2019.0053

中国黄土高原北部地区新石器-青铜时代农业结构演变及其对区域生态环境的适应

包易格¹^,²^,³(), 李小强¹^,²^,³, 刘汉斌¹, 赵克良¹^,²^,³, John Dodson⁴, 沈慧¹^,²^,³, 张贵林¹^,²^,³, 王建¹^,²^,³, 周新郢¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1.中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室, 北京 100044
2.中国科学院大学,地球科学学院,北京 100049
3.中国科学院,生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京 100044
4.卧龙岗大学,地球与环境科学学院,卧龙岗NSW 2522

收稿日期:2018-06-19 修回日期:2018-10-13 出版日期:2020-08-15 发布日期:2020-08-31
通讯作者: 周新郢
作者简介:包易格 (1994-),女,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所硕士研究生,主要从事农业起源及北方旱作农业考古研究,E-mail: baoyige@yahoo.com
基金资助:
国家重大基础专项(9732015CB953800);国家自然科学基金(41772371);国家自然科学基金(41572161);中国科学院青促会专项经费

Evolution and bioenvironmental adaptation of Neolithic and Bronze age agriculture in the North Chinese Loess Plateau

BAO Yige¹^,²^,³(), LI Xiaoqiang¹^,²^,³, LIU Hanbin¹, ZHAO Keliang¹^,²^,³, John DODSON⁴, SHEN Hui¹^,²^,³, ZHANG Guilin¹^,²^,³, WANG Jian¹^,²^,³, ZHOU Xinying¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1. State Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origin, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
2. College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origin, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
4. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia

Received:2018-06-19 Revised:2018-10-13 Online:2020-08-15 Published:2020-08-31
Contact: ZHOU Xinying

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文分析并测定了从15个位于黄土高原北部的遗址中浮选的炭化植物遗存的年代及数量,讨论了该地区新石器-青铜时代农业结构的变化、发展及自适应。研究表明,该地区粟的占比随着遗址年代的推移呈现出上升趋势,证明了先民的农业技术随时间变化而发展;受季风降水特征影响,东南部灌丛草原区粟的占比随时间变化上升趋势明显,西北部干草原区则变化较弱,证明环境的差异也造成了农业模式的不同;在干旱气候条件限制下,自中全新世以来黄土高原北部地区的主要作物始终为粟和黍,粟作农业奠定了黄土高原乃至中国北方的文明基础。

关键词: 农业起源, 环境适应, 全新世, 人类适应, 气候变化

Abstract:

On basis of the carbonization results and quantitative statistics of seed remains from 15 sites, we discuss and infers the agriculture development and adaptation in the northern part of the Loess Plateau during the Neolithic-Bronze Age. The proportion changes of foxtail millet in this area show an upward trend with the passage of the ruins, which proves that the agricultural technology developed with a time change. Influenced by the characteristics of monsoon precipitation, the proportion of foxtail millet in the southeastern shrub grassland area had an obvious upward trend with the change of time while the change was weak in the dryland area, which proves that the difference of environment also caused the difference of agricultural patterns. Limited by dry climate conditions, the main crops in the northern part of the Loess Plateau have been foxtail millet and common millet since the Middle Holocene, which laid a civilized foundation for millet agriculture in the Loess Plateau and even in northern China.

Key words: Agricultural origin, Environmental adaptation, Holocene, Human adaptation, Climate change

中图分类号:

K871.13

包易格, 李小强, 刘汉斌, 赵克良, John Dodson, 沈慧, 张贵林, 王建, 周新郢. 中国黄土高原北部地区新石器-青铜时代农业结构演变及其对区域生态环境的适应[J]. 人类学学报, 2020, 39(03): 461-472.

BAO Yige, LI Xiaoqiang, LIU Hanbin, ZHAO Keliang, John DODSON, SHEN Hui, ZHANG Guilin, WANG Jian, ZHOU Xinying. Evolution and bioenvironmental adaptation of Neolithic and Bronze age agriculture in the North Chinese Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2020, 39(03): 461-472.

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中国黄土高原北部地区新石器-青铜时代农业结构演变及其对区域生态环境的适应

Evolution and bioenvironmental adaptation of Neolithic and Bronze age agriculture in the North Chinese Loess Plateau

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