人类学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (06): 1055-1062.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0012

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆米兰遗址吐蕃时期的植物遗存

赵美莹1,2(), 党志豪3, 蒋洪恩1,2()   

  1. 1.中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京 100044
    2.中国科学院大学人文学院考古学与人类学系,北京 100049
    3.新疆文物考古研究所,乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-22 修回日期:2020-01-03 出版日期:2021-12-15 发布日期:2021-12-17
  • 通讯作者: 蒋洪恩
  • 作者简介:赵美莹,博士,研究方向为植物考古。E-mail: zhaomeiying16@mails.ucas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(41672171);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(E0E48931X2)

Plant remains of the Tubo period in the Milan site, Xinjiang

ZHAO Meiying1,2(), DANG Zhihao3, JIANG Hongen1,2()   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044
    2. Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
    3. Xinjiang Cultural Relics and Archaeology Institute, Urumqi 830011
  • Received:2019-08-22 Revised:2020-01-03 Online:2021-12-15 Published:2021-12-17
  • Contact: JIANG Hongen

摘要:

米兰遗址位于新疆塔里木盆地东南缘的若羌县,是丝绸之路新疆段南道上的重要遗址之一,延续年代可从吐蕃占领时期上溯至汉朝。遗址群内包含佛寺、屯田、灌溉水利设施、烽燧、戍堡以及城址等15处单体遗迹。2012年,新疆文物考古研究所对米兰遗址再次发掘,其中戍堡内出土了一批植物遗存,年代在距今1200年左右,包括黍、粟、青稞、小麦、桃、稗子、小獐毛和苦豆子等8种。结合植物鉴定和前人研究成果,本文认为吐蕃占领时期的米兰地区微环境较今天更为湿润,米兰戍堡的守卫者有一定的屯垦行为。除栽培谷物外,此地还有一定规模的桃树栽培。

关键词: 植物考古, 米兰戍堡, 谷物遗存, 吐蕃, 丝绸之路

Abstract:

The Milan site is located in the Ruoqiang County on the southeastern edge of the Tarim Basin. As one of the important sites in the southern section of the Silk Road in Xinjiang, it can be traced from the Han Dynasty to the Tubo occupation period (200 BC-900 AD). Altogether, 15 individual relics such as Buddhist temples, irrigation facilities, beacon tower, garrison and city sites were discovered in the Milan site. The garrison site was excavated in the year of 2012 by the Xinjiang Institute of Archaeology. Apart from the various cultural relics, plant remains were unearthed including common millet (Panicum miliaceum), foxtail millet (Setaria italica), naked barley (Hordeum vulgare var. coeleste), wheat (Triticum aestivum), peach (Amygdalus persica), as well as weeds like Echinochloa crusgalli, Aeluropus pungens var. pungens and Sophora alopecuroides. According to results of the plant identification and the relics of irrigation systems, there were farming garrison troops with crop cultivation of different species in the Milan site. Since there were roots, stems, and the other parts of the cereals, all of them should be local cultivated instead of transported from the other areas. Apart from cereal cultivation, there were also peach stones discovered, which suggested local horticultural activities 1200 years before.

Key words: Archaeobotany, the Milan garrison site, cereal remains, Tubo, the Silk Road

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