泥河湾盆地三棵树遗址ESR年代学

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0081

人类学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (03): 427-435.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0081

泥河湾盆地三棵树遗址ESR年代学

姬昊¹^,²(), 刘春茹¹(), 宋为娟¹, 魏传义¹, 敖红³, 李建平¹, 尹功明¹

1.中国地震局地质研究所地震动力学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029
2.中国地质大学（北京）地球科学与资源学院,北京 100083
3.中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,西安 710061

收稿日期:2020-11-06 修回日期:2020-12-22 出版日期:2021-06-15 发布日期:2021-06-24
通讯作者: 刘春茹
作者简介:姬昊(1996.10-),男,中国地质大学（北京）2018级硕士研究生,主要从事ESR年代学研究。Email: haoji9610@gmail.com
基金资助:
中国地震局地质研究所基本科研业务专项(IGCEA1908);中国地震局地质研究所基本科研业务专项(IGCEA2015)

ESR chronology of the Sankeshu Paleolithic site in the Nihewan Basin, North China

JI Hao¹^,²(), LIU Chunru¹(), SONG Weijuan¹, WEI Chuanyi¹, AO Hong³, LI Jianping¹, YIN Gongming¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029
2. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083
3. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061

Received:2020-11-06 Revised:2020-12-22 Online:2021-06-15 Published:2021-06-24
Contact: LIU Chunru

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

泥河湾盆地因发育良好的晚新生代湖相地层、丰富的旧石器遗址和哺乳动物化石而广受关注。盆地内已发现旧石器遗址100余处,被学术界称为“东方奥杜韦（Olduvai）峡谷”。由于缺乏合适的年代测定方法,许多重要的遗址,尤其是中更新世时间段的遗址缺乏年龄数据,如三棵树遗址,使得旧石器遗址研究少了时间轴合理的年代学框架。电子自旋共振（ESR）测年技术是上世纪60年代发展起来的一种测年技术,并在实践中得到了地质学界的广泛认可。对于中更新世遗址年龄的测定,ESR测年法具有明显的优势。本文利用石英Ti-Li心ESR法对三棵树遗址沉积物样品进行了独立年代测定,得到三棵树遗址文化层的年龄为599±70 kaBP。该年龄对于了解泥河湾盆地古人类的生存演化提供了必要的年代学依据。

关键词: 泥河湾盆地, 三棵树遗址, 中更新世, 旧石器, ESR测年法, 石英

Abstract:

The Nihewan Basin has attracted much attention owing to its well-developed late Mesozoic lacustrine strata and abundant Paleolithic sites and mammalian fossils. More than 100 Paleolithic sites have been found in the basin, which is known in academic circles as the “Olduvai canyon of the East”. Suitable dating materials are lacking; therefore, few independent ages are associated with Middle Pleistocene sites. Sankeshu Paleolithic site is one such example. This situation leaves the study of Paleolithic sites without a sound chronological framework. Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating technology is a dating technology developed in 1960s and has been widely recognized in geological circles. The ESR dating method has obvious advantages for the dating of the Middle Pleistocene sites, especially for the 400-780 kaBP which can not be dated by the Luminescence method. In this paper, we use quartz Ti-Li center ESR method to date four sediment samples at different depths of the Sankeshu site. The age of Sankeshu site is 599±70 kaBP, which provides a necessary chronological basis for understanding the survival and evolution of ancient humans in the Nihewan Basin.

Key words: Nihewan Basin, Sankeshu site, Middle Pleistocene, Paleolithic, ESR, Quartz

中图分类号:

K871.11
P533

姬昊, 刘春茹, 宋为娟, 魏传义, 敖红, 李建平, 尹功明. 泥河湾盆地三棵树遗址ESR年代学[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(03): 427-435.

JI Hao, LIU Chunru, SONG Weijuan, WEI Chuanyi, AO Hong, LI Jianping, YIN Gongming. ESR chronology of the Sankeshu Paleolithic site in the Nihewan Basin, North China[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(03): 427-435.

图/表 7

图1 泥河湾盆地三棵树遗址地理位置示意图

Fig.1 Geographic location of the Sankeshu site of Nihewan Basin

图2 三棵树遗址ESR样品位置示意图

Fig.2 ESR samples location of the Sankeshu site

图3 低温（液氮,77K）条件下自然样品的石英ESR谱图

Fig.3 ESR spectra of natural quartz sample at low temperature (liquid nitrogen, 77K)

图4 三棵树遗址样品SKS-2石英Al心和Ti-Li心ESR信号光晒退特征

Fig.4 Sunlight bleaching characteristics of quartz Al and Ti-Li centers for the SKS-2 sample of the Sankeshu site

图5 三棵树遗址4个样品（SKS-1、SKS-2、SKS-3和SKS-4）的Al心和Ti-Li心附加剂量曲线

Fig.5 Additive dose curves of Al and Ti-Li centers for the four samples (SKS-1、SKS-2、SKS-3 and SKS-4) of the Sankeshu site

表1 三棵树遗址4个样品的环境剂量率、Al和Ti-Li心等效剂量以及Ti-Li心ESR信号的年龄结果

Tab.1 Dose rates, equivalent doses of the Al and Ti centers, and age results obtained from the Ti-Li center for four samples of the Sankeshu site

编号 No.	含水量 water content	U (μg/g)	Th (μg/g)	K百分含量 K content	环境剂量率 Dose rate (Gy/ka)	Al心等效剂量Al center D_E (Gy)	Ti-Li心等效剂量 Ti-Li center D_E (Gy)	年龄 Age (ka)
SKS-1	10±5%	2.4±0.3	9.8±0.1	2.25±0.03%	3.03±0.3	1915±120	1816±111	599±37
SKS-2	10±5%	2.8±0.4	11.2±0.1	2.33±0.04%	3.26±0.3	1868±201	1913±189	587±58
SKS-3	10±5%	3.9±0.4	11.9±0.1	2.42±0.04%	3.62±0.4	1939±454	2179±243	602±67
SKS-4	10±5%	3.3±0.4	10.8±0.1	2.25±0.03%	3.28±0.3	1936±282	2012±215	610±65

图6 三棵树遗址年龄以及泥河湾盆地其他已知的中更新世遗址年龄雀儿沟Queergou（268±13 kaBP）[22],摩天岭Motianling（315±13 kaBP）[22],东坡Dongpo（321±15 kaBP）[23],后沟Hougou(395 kaBP)[21]和三棵树Sankeshu（599±70 kaBP）。（a）LR04钻孔深海氧同位素曲线Oxygen isotope record of marine benthos (Marine Isotope Stages) from LR04 drill[39];（b）&（c）分别为靖远黄土中值粒径和磁化率曲线the mean grain-size and the magnetic suscepitility (SUS) curves respectively from the Jingyuan loess section[40]

Fig.6 Age of the Sankeshu site and other known ages of the Middle Pleistocene sites in the Nihewan Basin

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泥河湾盆地三棵树遗址ESR年代学

ESR chronology of the Sankeshu Paleolithic site in the Nihewan Basin, North China

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