关键词: 禄丰;最晚中新世;小哺乳动物

Abstract: In the last decade, many of the fossil vertebrates have been collected at Shihuiba, a small village of Lufeng conuty, Yunnan. However, only seven forms of micromammals, Sciuridae indet. , Hystrix sp. , Brachyrhizomys nagrii, B. tetracharax, B. ef. pilgrimi and Alilepus sp. Castoridae indet, have been reported previously (Qi 1979; Flynn and Qi, 1982; Wu et al, 1981) . Actually, since the first account based on the material processed from 1975 to 1976, additional material of small mammals has been obtained, particularly in the last field season of 1983 when the wet-sieving techniques were carried out at that locality. Up to now, at least 32 taxa of micromammals can be added to the list of the fauna (see P. 22, Table 1) . The collection is of particular significance as it represents the few Neogene faunas of South China, containing not only the most abundant and diverse small and large mammals associated with hominoids, but also many elements new for the fossil record in China or Asia. The purpose of this paper is to report all the micro- mammalian fossils excavated and washed at this locality during the past ten years. Detailed descriptions of these taxa will be given in the next few years.
The specimens reported in this paper were recovered from the deposits of section D (see Qi, 1985) by traditional excavation in the field seasons from 1975 to 1983 and wet-screening of about 10 tons of sediments from layers 1, 2, 5 and 6 in 1983. Some 1175 specimens have so far been identified, of which more than 1000 were sorted from two third of wet-screened concentrate. About 150 kg of this residue washed remain to be picked.
In the material, insectivores are aboundantly represented. Twenty isolated teeth, including incisors and premolars, are identified as tupaiid and all are probably assignable to one species. The tooth pattern of this form is similar to that of the living tupaiid of South Asia, and the lower molar is comparable in size and morphology to the Siwalik specimen YGSP 8090 (Jacobs, 1982, p. 212) . This is the first fossil record of it for China. Although there has been much discussion on the taxonomic status of this animal in the literature, it is temporarily accepted in this paper that tree shrew is placed in Insectivora. Ninety eight specimens, including 4 dentary fragments represent two genera of erinaceids, Galerix and Lanthanotherium. In size and morphology the Galerix (21 specimens) is close to the Siwalik G. ruttandae, but metaconid on P4 is rather weak. In general crown morphology, the specimens of the smaller hairy hedge-hog are clearly comparable both the Neogene Lanthanotherium of Europe and North America and to the extant Hylomys of oriental province. It is necessary to make a through investigation of the relationship to the living genus or the fossil one. Moles are also common (87 specimens) , but only one taxon is identified. In its dental formula, morphology of humerus and in its enlarged I, and reduced first premolar (P1 or P2) , it differs from Yanshuella of Ertemte and other known Chinese moles, but can be referred to Scalopini. There are 70 soricid specimens in the collection, assigned to 5 forms. A species of Herterosoricinae is represented by 3 mandible fragments and 8 teeth. The discovery of herterosoricine in this fauna is of the first record in East Asia. The Lufeng form seems to be closely related either to the Dinosorex or Heterosorex of Europe. Anourosorex is relatively common in the shrew material (3 dentary fragments and 34 teeth) . These specimens differ from those of North China and Europe in more reduced M3 and may represent a new species. A species of Blarinella (11 specimens) is similar morphologically to B. kormosi, but smaller in size. Three teeth may be assigned to Crocidura, while another eight are of a soricine, but not identifiable below the subfamily level. Three families of Chiroptera, Pteropidae (2 teeth) , Hipposideridae (3 teeth) and Vespertilionidae (28 specimens) can be recognized in this fauna, of these Pteropidae previously were unreported from the Chinese fossil sediments. The material of the bats in this collection is too rare to allow identification below the family level except Vespertilionidae. From the general tooth pattern the specimens of vespertilionids correspond well respectively to the extant genera, Myotis, Epthsicus, Pipistrellus and Plecotus.
Eight families of rodents (Sciuridae, Castoridae, Platacanthomyidae, Eomyidae, Rhizomyidae, Cricetidae, Muridae and Hystricidae) are represented at Ludeng, of which Platacanthomyidae has not been reported from fossil deposits of China. The most abundant rodents are murids (335 specimens) . Four forms have been recognized in the collection and Parapodemus is the most common. The largest one (10 teeth) is allied to the Parapelomys of Siwalik. Although specimens of other two forms are rare, they clearly show the independent position respectively. Cricetids are also common rodents, and all the 201 specimens apparently correspond morphorlogically to diagnosis of Kowalskia. There is quite a high variation in size as well as in minor structures, but at the moment it may be noted that the specimens seem to represent two different taxa, one of which is close in size both to K. gansunica of North China and K. fahlbuschi of Europe. Fifty four specimens represent 7 genera of sciurids in the fossil assemblage. Four dentary fragments and an incomplete skull are identified as flying squirrel and assignable to three genera, Albanensis and ? Forsythia of Europe and cf. Hylopetes of South China and Asia. The remaining sciurid specimens are all isolated teeth which are probably refferred to the extant Yunnan forms, Callosciurus, Dremomys, Tamiops and Sciurotamias. There are 67 isolated teeth of Platacanthomyids in the collection. Two forms related to the living Platacanth omys of South India and Typhlomys of South Asia can be recognized. Rhizomyids are apparently represented by only a single genus, Brachyrhizomys, which were identified by Flynn and Qi to three species based on four dentary fragments. More 72 specimens have been secured to justfy the assignment. A skull, four lower jaw fragments and 24 isolated cheek teeth of a single species of eastorid are present in the fauna, which typologically may agree with the diagnosis of Monosaularx as given by Sirton (1935) . It represents the southernmost extension of the distribution of beaver in China, even in the old world. Twelve isolated teeth of eomyid assigned to Leptodontomys are recognized. The size of this species appears to be larger than that of North China, but close to the larger form of Europe. The hystricid Hystrix is represented by a fragmentary skull, 3 mandibular fragments and 29 teeth. It is likely that the porcupine is a population morphologically intermediate between H. siwalensis and H. cf. leucurus.
In the material, remains of Lagomorpha are also rich (59 specimens) . The features of the dentition, especially the P3, place all the specimens in a single rather variable species of Alilepus.
Six layers of the section, about 8 m are fossiliferous. Probably due to smaller amount of sediments processed in some layers, most of the taxa are missing in L4 and L3, and a few of the rare species are laking in L6. It seems obviously that they have almost all species in common from L6 to L2. Nevertheless, there seems to be a faunal change in L1, for the presence of pteropid and absence of beaver, porcupine and some flying squirrels. In spite of the changes in fossil composition and some diversity of depositional environments, the close contemporaneity of these layers is beyond question.
Compared to the well documented fossil micromammalian faunas of North China, Siwalik and Europe, the Lufeng fauna appears to represent a quite complete assemblage of micromammals which may be considered as a rather representative association for South China, and of accumulating in a geologically short interval.
The resemblance of the Lufeng fauna to Ertemte and M. Siwalik faunas is remarkable. All the elements in the family level, except for platacanthomyid can be found either in Ertemte or in M. Siwalik, or both (Table 2) . At least 7 genera (Blarinella, Anourosorex, Kowalskia, Mus, Parapodemus, Leptodontomys and Alilepus) have relationships to Ertemte fauna and 6 (Tupaiidae gen. indet. , Brachyrhizomys, Mus, Parapodemus, Parapelomys and Hystrix) to the M. Siwalik fauna. The Lufeng fauna is characterized by its dominace of the related forms that distribute today in tropic and subtropic areas, such as hairy hedgehogs, fruit bats, bamboo rats, spiny dormices and porcupines, and by the abundance of Insectivora, Chiroptera, flying squirrels, bamboo rats and ete. This seems to reflect a tropieal or subtropical mesic forest environments like the present-day condition of the modern oriental province, and indicates that Lufeng and the sites of India-Pakistan subeontinent oecupied the same general biogeographical provinee in the M. Neogene, but it is hard to say, based on the present data, that Lufeng fauna differs from northern Chinese late Miocene faunal assemblage as Flynn and Qi suggested in 1982. Nevertheless it seems unlikely that the Lufeng fauna shares the same biogeographie province with the Ertemte fauna, and that the drier steppie forms, such as dipodids, ochotonids and most of the cricetids had invaded the Lufeng fauna. This also implies that the differentiation of South and North China in faunal association had been visible during the late Miocene.
Besides, the fauna either shows close affinities to European elements or indicates some relations to North America. About 10 forms are congeneric to European representatives, such as those from Eichkogel and Kohfidisch of Austria and Dorn-Dürkheim of Germany and 5 genera can be found in North America. This seems to confirm once more that a faunal interehange between the old and new worlds had taken place to some extent during the Neogene.
Compared to North China, Indian-Pakistan subcontinent and European micromanmal faunas, especially on the basis of cricetids, murids and rhizomys, the locality of Lufeng most probably is attributable to the uppermost Miocene Baode (Paote) stage (Chinese land mammal age) , equivalent to Dhok Pathan of Pakistan and Turolian of Europe.
According to the temporal ranges in Pakistan of some Taxa which occur at Lufeng, it is probable that the fauna inhabited southern China at about 7-8 Myr ago (Table3).

Key words: Yunnan; Lufeng; Miocene; Micromammals