姜寨遗址先民食谱分析

人类学学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (02): 149-157.

姜寨遗址先民食谱分析

郭怡; 胡耀武; 高强; 王昌燧; Michael P.Richards

出版日期:2011-06-15 发布日期:2011-06-15

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope evidence in human diets based on evidence from the Jiangzhai site, China

GUO YI; HU Yao-wu; GAO Qiang; WANG Chang-sui; Michael P.Richards

Online:2011-06-15 Published:2011-06-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 尽管通过C、N稳定同位素分析已对陕西临潼姜寨遗址先民的食物结构和粟作农业进行了初步探索, 但研究中的一些重要问题, 如不同时期先民食物结构的演变, 姜寨与半坡、史家先民食物结构间的差异等, 依然未能深入讨论。为此, 本文对姜寨遗址出土的不同时期(一期、二期)人骨进行了C、N稳定同位素分析, 试图揭示先民食物结构的演变历程, 探索姜寨与半坡、史家先民食物结构间的差异, 并初步探讨产生这种差异的可能原因。人骨的δ13C平均值(-9.7±1.0‰)和δ15 N平均值(8.5±0.5‰), 表明粟类食物(包括粟类作物以及依赖于粟类作物的动物等)在姜寨先民食谱中占据主要地位, 且动物资源在食物中的比例相对较低。两期先民的δ13C和δ15 N值, 无显著性差异, 表明先民一直从事粟作农业以及家畜的饲养活动。食谱分析并未发现第二期先民食用更多野生动物的证据,这可能与先民样品量相对偏少、二期先民食用的野生动物比例上升较小、动物类食物在先民食谱中所占比例较小等原因有关。对比地理位置毗邻、文化年代相近的姜寨、史家、半坡遗址先民δ13C值,姜寨(-9.7±1.0‰, N=19)与史家(-10.0±0.7‰, N=9)接近, 而远高于半坡(-14.8±1.9‰, N=5),表明半坡遗址粟作农业的种植规模要逊于姜寨和史家遗址。我们认为,不同遗址间先民δ13C值的差异,可能受半坡样品量偏少、遗址间小生态环境不同等因素的影响。

关键词: 古食谱分析; 粟作农业; 稳定同位素分析; 古环境; 姜寨遗址

Abstract: Although human dietary evidence from the Jiangzhai site has already been investigated, there are some important issues that have not been discussed clearly, such as whether these human diets changed between periods, and whether there were any differences in human diets among the Banpo, Shijia and Jiangzhai sites. Considering these concerns, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis on ancient human bones from the Jiangzhai site was reanalyzed. The values of carbon isotopes of human bone collagen(-11.5‰～-8.5‰, with a mean value of-9.7±1.0‰, N=14) and the archaeological remains of millet(C4 plant) revealed that millet was the primary food resource for humans. The values of nitrogen isotope(7.8‰～9.7‰, with a mean value of 8.5±0.5‰, N=14) suggested that animal resources contributed a low proportion of the human diets. There was no correlation between human δ13C data and δ15N data, which suggested that the ancient human diet from this site was mainly based on highly developed millet agriculture at that time. In addition, there was no significant difference in the human diets between the two periods, which was a different result from the archaeozoological results. This result was probably because that the sample size of humans was small,the ratio of wild animal meat in human diets in the second period increased only a little, and meat was not a significant resource to human diets in both periods. Although the nearby Jiangzhai, Shijia and Banpo sites belonged to the same period, the mean δ13C value of human bones from the Jiangzhai site(-9.7±1.0‰, N=19) was similar to that of the Shijia site(-10.0±0.7‰, N=9), but much higher than that of the Banpo site(-14.8±1.9‰, N=5).These results suggested that millet agriculture at the Banpo site was inferior to that of the Jiangzhai and Shijia sites, which might be related to the small sample size of humans at the Banpo site and the differing paleoenvironments of these three sites.

Key words: Paleodiet; Stable isotopes; Millet agriculture; Paleoenvironment; Jiangzhai site

郭怡; 胡耀武; 高强; 王昌燧; Michael P.Richards. 姜寨遗址先民食谱分析[J]. 人类学学报, 2011, 30(02): 149-157.

GUO YI; HU Yao-wu; GAO Qiang; WANG Chang-sui; Michael P.Richards. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope evidence in human diets based on evidence from the Jiangzhai site, China[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2011, 30(02): 149-157.