人类学学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (03): 344-361.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2019.0040
别婧婧1,2, 王社江1,3,*(), 夏楠4, 鹿化煜5, 王先彦5, 弋双文5, 夏文婷1,2, 张改课4, Mathew L. FOX6, 张红艳5, 卓海昕5, 张文超5
收稿日期:
2019-06-24
修回日期:
2019-08-06
出版日期:
2019-08-15
发布日期:
2020-09-10
通讯作者:
王社江
作者简介:
别婧婧(1994- ),女,江苏盐城人,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所硕士研究生,主要从事旧石器时代考古学研究。
基金资助:
BIE Jingjing1,2, WANG Shejiang1,3,*(), XIA Nan4, LU Huayu5, WANG Xianyan5, YI Shuangwen5, XIA Wenting1,2, ZHANG Gaike4, Mathew L FOX6, ZHANG Hongyan5, ZHUO Haixin5, ZHANG Wenchao5
Received:
2019-06-24
Revised:
2019-08-06
Online:
2019-08-15
Published:
2020-09-10
Contact:
WANG Shejiang
Supported by:
摘要:
位于汉水左岸一级支流金水河第四级阶地的金水河口遗址是汉水流域发现较早的一处旧石器遗址。2014年6月~2015年2月,为了配合国家重点建设工程——南水北调西线“引汉济渭”项目的实施,我们对金水流域金水镇附近的3个旧石器遗址进行了正式发掘,金水河口遗址即为其中之一。该遗址发掘面积370m2,出土不同类型石制品1210件。研究显示在金水河口遗址生活的古人类主要选取附近河滩砾石为原料进行剥片及工具加工。石制品的岩性以石英和石英岩为主,硅质灰岩次之,并少量使用了石英砂岩和花岗岩原料。古人类主要使用锤击法剥片。遗址中石核的利用效率较低,近半数石片有直接使用的痕迹。加工工具的毛坯以石片为主。工具类型除了刮削器、凹缺器、石锥等小型工具之外,还有砍砸器、手镐、重型刮削器等重型工具。遗址中碎屑数量很少。石制品组合以刮削器等小型工具为主,也包含少量重型工具。相较于汉中盆地已发现的遗址,金水河口遗址的文化面貌与洛南盆地中更新世的龙牙洞遗址更相似,但是重型工具的比例更高。由于遗址堆积物已超出了钾长石红外后释光测年法(post-IR IRSL)的测年范畴,目前只能给出遗址的埋藏时间下限,即埋藏石制品地层的年代不晚于150 ka。作为汉中盆地有明确测年的中更新世晚期遗址,金水河口遗址为我们系统了解汉江支流金水河流域和秦岭地区的石器工业特点、遗址地层堆积及年代等提供了新的、丰富的材料。
中图分类号:
别婧婧, 王社江, 夏楠, 鹿化煜, 王先彦, 弋双文, 夏文婷, 张改课, Mathew L. FOX, 张红艳, 卓海昕, 张文超. 陕西汉中洋县金水河口旧石器遗址出土石制品研究[J]. 人类学学报, 2019, 38(03): 344-361.
BIE Jingjing, WANG Shejiang, XIA Nan, LU Huayu, WANG Xianyan, YI Shuangwen, XIA Wenting, ZHANG Gaike, Mathew L FOX, ZHANG Hongyan, ZHUO Haixin, ZHANG Wenchao. Lithic artifacts excavated from the Jinshuihekou site in the Hanzhong Basin, Shaanxi Province, China[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2019, 38(03): 344-361.
R Materials Type | Quartz | Quartzite | Siliceous limestone | Quartzite sandstone | Granite | Total | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dark | Light | |||||||
Manuport | 9 | 26 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 3.14 |
Hammer | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0.5 |
Core | 36 | 8 | 13 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 67 | 5.54 |
Flake | 121 | 78 | 23 | 104 | 1 | 0 | 327 | 27.02 |
Chunk | 244 | 260 | 36 | 43 | 6 | 1 | 590 | 48.76 |
Debris | 32 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 4.96 |
Tool | 42 | 49 | 7 | 22 | 2 | 0 | 122 | 10.08 |
Scraper | 37 | 36 | 6 | 21 | 0 | 0 | ||
Notch | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Awl | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Chopper | 2 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | ||
Pick | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Total | 487 | 452 | 81 | 176 | 12 | 2 | 1210 | 100 |
% | 40.25 | 37.35 | 6.69 | 14.55 | 0.99 | 0.17 | 100 |
Tab.1 Category and raw material(RM) of the stone artifacts
R Materials Type | Quartz | Quartzite | Siliceous limestone | Quartzite sandstone | Granite | Total | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dark | Light | |||||||
Manuport | 9 | 26 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 3.14 |
Hammer | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0.5 |
Core | 36 | 8 | 13 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 67 | 5.54 |
Flake | 121 | 78 | 23 | 104 | 1 | 0 | 327 | 27.02 |
Chunk | 244 | 260 | 36 | 43 | 6 | 1 | 590 | 48.76 |
Debris | 32 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 4.96 |
Tool | 42 | 49 | 7 | 22 | 2 | 0 | 122 | 10.08 |
Scraper | 37 | 36 | 6 | 21 | 0 | 0 | ||
Notch | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Awl | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Chopper | 2 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | ||
Pick | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Total | 487 | 452 | 81 | 176 | 12 | 2 | 1210 | 100 |
% | 40.25 | 37.35 | 6.69 | 14.55 | 0.99 | 0.17 | 100 |
Fig.5 Lithic artifacts from the Jinshuihkou site 1. 2014JS.1093: core; 2. 2014JS.0508: flake; 3. 2014JS.1089: awl; 4. 2014JS.1053: pick; 5. 2014JS.0880: scraper; 6. 2014JS.1021: notch; 7. 2014JS.1105: chopper; 8. 2014JS.1106: heavy-duty scraper
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