文化现代性与行为超级适应性之路 ——中科院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所系列课程纪要

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2019.0036

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文是康纳德教授在中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所所做系列讲座的内容概要,包括对旧石器时代考古发掘方法的介绍,及其团队通过对四处重要遗址（群）长期发掘所研究的人类演化重要学术问题的成果：1) Schöninge遗址及相关问题;2)南非Sibudu遗址和其他石器时代中期遗址及早期现代人行为;3)Tönchesberg, Wallertheim等遗址的发掘与尼安德特人石器技术的多样性;4) Swabian Jura洞穴发掘和艺术、音乐的起源。通过此次系列讲座,他与中国学者分享国外旧石器时代考古的发掘方法、旧大陆西部不同区域遗址的考古学材料及相关研究成果,并希望未来能够加强交流与合作研究,共同推进旧石器时代考古的发展。

关键词: 旧石器, 发掘方法, 人类演化, 国际合作

Abstract:

This paper provides a schematic summary of the topics during the lecture series by Professor Nicholas J. Conard at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, focusing on the methodological issues and researches at four topics:1) Schöningen, 2) Sibudu and other Middle Stone Age(MSA) sites in South Africa, 3) excavations at Tönchesberg, Wallertheim and other Neanderthal sites, 4) the caves of the Swabian Jura and the origins of art and music. Knowledge of excavation methods of his team, archaeological material in a broader context, and research achievements based upon the sites he is working on were shared by the lecture series. The lectures were also intended to foster international cooperation in teaching and research in future.

Key words: Paleolithic, Excavation method, Human evolution, International cooperation

中图分类号:

K871.11

尼古拉斯 J. 康纳德, 韩芳. 文化现代性与行为超级适应性之路 ——中科院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所系列课程纪要[J]. 人类学学报, 2019, 38(03): 419-445.

Nicholas J. CONARD. The path to cultural modernity and behavioral hyperplasticity: A synthesis of a lecture series at the IVPP, Beijing[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2019, 38(03): 419-445.

图/表 14

Fig.1 Participants in the final lecture in the series by N.J. Conard at the IVPP on December 8, 2017(Photo Li Feng)

Fig.2 N.J. Conard visited the Majuangou site, Nihewan Basin with Wang Fagang, and Chen Shenquan in 2017(Photo Li Feng)

Fig.3 Sibudu, South Africa. Profile showing the high resolution stratigraphy of the site that form the basis for excavation using the Abtrag method(Photo Zeidi M, March 22, 2016)

Fig.4 Sibudu, South Africa; Excavation following the Abtrag method in which thin stratigraphic units are dug carefully following the slope and shape of the strata, age ca.65 kaBP(Photo N.J. Conard, February 29, 2016)

Fig.5 Sch?ningen, Germany; Overview of the main area of excavation with the lignite mine visible in the background(Photo Serangeli J, 2015)

Fig.6 Sch?ningen, Germany; Spear carved from spruce wood and faunal remains of horses showing butchering marks from the Spear Horizon, age ca. 300 kaBP(Photo N.J. Conard, November 1, 1995)

Fig.7 Sibudu, South Africa//Overview of the excavation(Photo Kloos P, March 19, 2014)

Fig.8 T?nchesberg, Germany//Assemblage of blades and bladelets and backed tools from horizon 2B dating to ca. 100 kaBP(after Conard 1992)

Fig.9 Wallertheim, Germany．Backed and steeply retouched blades and points and burin spalls from horizon D dating to ca. 100 kaBP years ago(after Conard and Adler 1997)

Fig.10 Hohle Fels, Germany//Overview of the excavation//The female figurine and the flute made from the radius of griffon vulture were recovered near the center of the photo, just to the left of Qu Tongli(Photo Malina M, August 1, 2008)

Fig.11 Hohle Fels, Germany//Female figurine carved from mammoth ivory dating to ca. 40 kaBP(Photos Jensen H)

Fig.12 Vogelherd, Germany//Mammoth carved from mammoth ivory dating to ca.40 kaBP (Photo Jensen H)

Fig.13 Lionmen from the caves of the Swabian Jura of southwestern Germany 1) Gei?enkl?sterle, 2) Hohle Fels, 3) Hohlenstein-Stadel(Copyright: Württembergisches Landesmuseum, University of Tübingen, Ulmer Museum)

Fig.14 Aurignacien flutes from the caves of the Swabina Jura 1) Gei?enkl?sterle Flute 1 made from the radius of a swan, 2) Gei?enkl?sterle Flute 3 made from mammoth ivory, 3) Hohle Fels Flute 1 made from the radius of a griffon vulture(After Conard and Bolus 2003, Conard und Wertheimer 2010)

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