柿子滩遗址第9地点出土的动物烧骨

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2019.0047

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

柿子滩遗址第9地点（S9）位于山西省吉县柏山寺乡高楼河村黄河支流的清水河畔,西距黄河约7 km。从2000年发现至今,该遗址前后历经三次发掘,出土大量细石叶制品、动物化石、数件蚌制品、骨针及磨制石器等。本文重点对S9地点第4 层（12,575-11,600 cal. BP）及第5层（13,000 cal. BP）出土的动物遗存,尤其是其中测量尺寸在2cm以下的大量烧骨进行了埋藏学与动物考古学方面的观察和分析。研究结果显示,S9地点的烧骨是古人类烧烤猎物、维护遗址（甚至可能还包括以骨骼作燃料）等生存行为活动的文化残留。此外,S9地点出土烧骨的空间分布分析表明,古人类在上述行为活动之后,可能又将烧灼后的残存骨骼（与灰烬等）清理出火塘并堆放在其核心生活区的周边位置。

关键词: 柿子滩遗址, 烧骨, 埋藏学, 动物考古学, 旧石器时代

Abstract:

Located at the Gaolouhe village, Jixian County of the Shanxi Province, the Shizitan site(Locality 9) is roughly 7 km to the Yellow River. Discovered in 2000, this site was systematically excavated in 2001, 2002 and 2005. Along with thousands of lithic tools of microblade technology, a dozen of organic artifacts and lithic grinding tools, plenty of faunal remains were recovered from the 3 field seasons of excavation. Based mainly on an observation of the taphonomic features of the faunal remains from Layer 4(12,575-11,600 cal. BP) and Layer 5(ca. 13,000 cal. BP), particularly of the small-sized bone fragments from the site, it could be argued that the burned bones here are most probably a palimpsest of several episodes of human behavior centering around the hearth, including but not limited to roasting meat, burning bones for site maintenance and as a supplementary source of fuel. Besides, it seems clear that humans at the site moved the fire residues out of the fireplace and later on dumped them at its peripheries.

Key words: Shizitan site, Burned bones, Taphonomy, Zooarchaeology, Paleolithic

中图分类号:

Q983

张双权, 宋艳花, 张乐, 许乐, 李磊, 石金鸣. 柿子滩遗址第9地点出土的动物烧骨[J]. 人类学学报, 2019, 38(04): 598-612.

ZHANG Shuangquan, SONG Yanhua, ZHANG Yue, XU Le, LI Lei, SHI Jinming. A zooarchaeological analysis of the burned bone from the Shizitan Site 9, Shanxi, China[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2019, 38(04): 598-612.

图/表 10

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	L4（54件）		L5（9件）
	NISP/%	MNI/%	NISP/%	MNI/%
鼢鼠(Myospalax sp.)	1/1.85	1/12.5	1/11.11	1/16.67
鸟(Aves)	5/9.26	1/12.5	1/11.11	1/16.67
狐(Vulpes sp.)	4/7.41	1/12.5	1/11.11	1/16.67
狍(Capreolus sp.)	8/14.81	1/12.5	5/55.56	2/33.33
岩羊(Pseudois sp.)	3/5.56	1/12.5	0/0	0/0
猪(Sus scrofa)	4/7.41	1/12.5	1/11.11	1/16.67
兔(Lepus sp.)	24/44.44	1/12.5	0/0	0/0
其他小哺乳类（other mammals)	5/9.26	1/12.5	0/0	0/0

	L4（54件）		L5（9件）
	NISP/%	MNI/%	NISP/%	MNI/%
鼢鼠(Myospalax sp.)	1/1.85	1/12.5	1/11.11	1/16.67
鸟(Aves)	5/9.26	1/12.5	1/11.11	1/16.67
狐(Vulpes sp.)	4/7.41	1/12.5	1/11.11	1/16.67
狍(Capreolus sp.)	8/14.81	1/12.5	5/55.56	2/33.33
岩羊(Pseudois sp.)	3/5.56	1/12.5	0/0	0/0
猪(Sus scrofa)	4/7.41	1/12.5	1/11.11	1/16.67
兔(Lepus sp.)	24/44.44	1/12.5	0/0	0/0
其他小哺乳类（other mammals)	5/9.26	1/12.5	0/0	0/0

	标本数^*	切割痕	砍砸痕	火烧痕	化学腐蚀	沉积物磨蚀痕	食肉类齿痕	啮齿类齿痕
第4层	34	3/8.82	0/0	18/52.94	10/29.41	7/20.59	0/0	0/0
第5层	9	0/0	0/0	2/22.22	3/33.33	2/22.22	0/0	0/0

	标本数^*	切割痕	砍砸痕	火烧痕	化学腐蚀	沉积物磨蚀痕	食肉类齿痕	啮齿类齿痕
第4层	34	3/8.82	0/0	18/52.94	10/29.41	7/20.59	0/0	0/0
第5层	9	0/0	0/0	2/22.22	3/33.33	2/22.22	0/0	0/0

	D0	D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6
NISP	33	4	2	2	2	5	5
%	61.11	7.41	3.7	3.7	3.7	9.26	9.26