东亚中更新世古人类下颌第二臼齿釉质-齿质连接面三维形状和釉质厚度分布

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

东亚中更新世古人类在头骨、下颌骨、牙齿等解剖部位表现出不同程度的形态多样性,中期成员代表为直立人,而晚期成员的演化地位具有较大争议。为进一步了解东亚中更新世古人类内部的形态变异特点和为东亚中更新世晚期古人类分类提供依据,本文使用微分同胚的表面匹配（Diffeomorphic Surface Matching, DSM）和形态测量图（Morphometric map）对下颌第二臼齿（M₂）釉质-齿质连接面的形状和齿冠侧面釉质厚度分布模式进行了量化分析。结果显示：1）东亚中更新世古人类与晚期人属成员（尼安德特人和现代人）存在较明显的形态差别;2）该时段晚期的东亚古人类相对中期直立人在侧面釉质厚度分布规律上具有独特性,并在釉质-齿质连接面的三维形状上与晚期人属成员更加接近。本文在以往对东亚中更新世古人类牙齿内外结构单个性状研究的基础上,使用三维形态测量方法进一步量化了M₂釉质-齿质连接面三维形状和侧面釉质厚度分布模式两项重要特征的变异特点,这对未来该时段同类型牙齿的形态鉴定以及解决东亚中更新世晚期古人类的分类地位具有一定意义。

关键词: 东亚古人类, 牙齿, 齿质, 三维形态测量

Abstract:

Morphological diversity has been revealed in the cranial, mandibular, and dental materials of East Asian Middle Pleistocene hominins, and the taxonomy of later members is uncertain. In order to further apprehend the morphological variability of East Asian Middle Pleistocene hominins and provide evidence for the taxonomy of the later members, the present study conducted three-dimensional morphometric analyses, including morphometric map of lateral enamel thickness and diffeomorphic surface matching of enamel-dentine junction (EDJ), on the lower second molars. The results indicate that: 1) East Asian Middle Pleistocene hominins could be distinguished from both Neanderthals and modern human; 2) East Asian late Middle Pleistocene hominins displayed special distribution pattern of lateral enamel thickness and a more progressive EDJ shape relative to mid-Middle Pleistocene Homo erectus. The present study quantifies two important morphologies and their variability, i.e., distribution pattern of enamel thickness and EDJ shape, in addition to the individual dental traits studied by previous works. It will provide further insight into the taxonomies of East Asian late Middle Pleistocene hominins and help designating isolated teeth from the same period into their correct morphological groups.

Key words: East Asian hominins, Teeth, Dentine, Three-dimensional morphometric

中图分类号:

Q981.4Q984

邢松, 周蜜, 潘雷. 东亚中更新世古人类下颌第二臼齿釉质-齿质连接面三维形状和釉质厚度分布[J]. 人类学学报, 2020, 39(04): 521-531.

XING Song, ZHOU Mi, PAN Lei. Enamel-dentine junction shape and enamel thickness distribution of East Asian Middle Pleistocene hominin lower second molars[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2020, 39(04): 521-531.

图/表 3

表1 本文使用的东亚中更新世古人类下颌第二臼齿（M2）及对比标本

Tab.1 The M2 of East Asian Middle Pleistocene hominins and comparative specimens

分类	标本	磨耗级别
东亚中更新世中期直立人(n=2)	周口店PA70	2
	淅川PA533	2
东亚中更新世晚期古人类(n=1)	华龙洞 HLD1	2
尼安德特人 (n=5)	Krapina D1, D6, D10, D86, D107	1-2
全新世现代人(湖北、河南)(n=16)	MTS101; PJL17; QJY23; WJP16, 47, 50; YQM22; YYM19, 27, 43, 50, 71, 102, 199, 206, 248	2
全新世现代人(法国、德国)(n=5)	EMBR628; SP2613, 3027,5678, 6046	1-2

图1 基于微分同胚表面匹配的下颌第二臼齿（M2）釉质-齿质连接面三维形状的主成分分析位于PC1和PC2轴四个极值位置上的牙齿EDJ形状分别从咬合面和远中舌侧角度展示;EDJ上蓝色到红色代表每个极值位置上的形状相对平均形状变化的绝对值由小到大（单位为μm）

Fig.1 The principal component analysis (PCA) of M2 enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) shape variation based on Diffeomorphic Surface Matching (DSM) The figures at four sides of the graphic represent the EDJ shape (occlusal and distolingual view) at the positive and negative poles of PC1 and PC2. The color gradient from blueness to redness means that the deformation degree between shape at each extreme and mean shape is increasing (in micron)

图2 下颌第二臼齿（M2）侧面釉质厚度的形态测量图每张图上方为咬合面方向,下方为齿颈线方向,从左到右依次为颊侧远中部、远中侧、舌侧、近中侧、颊侧近中部/

Fig.2 The morphometric map of M2 lateral enamel thickness Each map was displayed with the occlusal side being at the top and cervical side at the bottom. From left to right on each map: distal section of the buccal side, distal, lingual, mesial, mesial section of the buccal side

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