禄丰古猿蝴蝶种下第四前臼齿釉质-齿质交界面的三维几何形态

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0023

人类学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (04): 555-563.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0023

禄丰古猿蝴蝶种下第四前臼齿釉质-齿质交界面的三维几何形态

潘雷¹^,²^,³, 廖卫⁴^,⁵, 王伟⁶, 刘建辉⁷, 吉学平⁷^,⁸(), 杨晓梅⁹, 郝以鑫¹⁰

1.中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044
2.中国科学院生物演化与卓越创新中心,北京100044
3.中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室,南京 210008
4.中国地质大学（武汉）地球科学学院,武汉 430074
5.广西民族博物馆,南宁 530028
6.山东大学文化遗产研究院,青岛,266237
7.云南省文物考古研究所古人类部,昆明 650118
8.云南大学地球科学学院,昆明 650500
9.元谋人博物馆,元谋650013
10.北京大学空间物理与应用技术研究所,北京 100091

收稿日期:2020-02-07 修回日期:2020-04-29 出版日期:2020-11-15 发布日期:2020-11-23
通讯作者: 吉学平
作者简介:潘雷,博士,副研究员,主要从事古猿、古人类牙齿及演化研究。
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB 26000000);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41702026);现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所)(173119);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2012CB825603)

Geometric morphometry of the enamel-dentine junction interface of Lufengpithecus hudienensis lower fourth premolars

PAN Lei¹^,²^,³, LIAO Wei⁴^,⁵, WANG Wei⁶, LIU Jianhui⁷, JI Xueping⁷^,⁸(), YANG Xiaomei⁹, HAO Yixin¹⁰

1. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, CAS, Beijing 100044
2. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044
3. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS, Nanjing 210008
4. School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074
5. Anthropology Museum of Guangxi, Nanning 530028
6. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237
7. Department of Paleoanthropology, Yunnan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Kunming 650118
8. School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500
9. Yuanmou Man Museum, Yuanmou 650013
10. Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100091

Received:2020-02-07 Revised:2020-04-29 Online:2020-11-15 Published:2020-11-23
Contact: JI Xueping

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

禄丰古猿蝴蝶种 (Lufengpithecus hudienensis) 也称蝴蝶古猿,是重要的早期人科成员,化石产自云南元谋盆地竹棚-小河及雷老两个地点群,其年代为中新世晚期。上世纪八、九十年代的发掘工作共获得幼年个体颅骨1具、残上颌骨10件、残下颌骨17件及1500多枚单个牙齿。受限于当时的技术条件,蝴蝶古猿牙齿内部结构及三维形态一直未有报道和对比研究。本文首次使用高精度CT配合三维几何形态测量方法,对6枚产自小河地点的蝴蝶古猿下颌第四前臼齿的釉质-齿质交界面形态进行了观察和对比,对比材料包括步氏巨猿、猩猩（化石）、大猩猩、黑猩猩及现代人。多变量分析显示,蝴蝶古猿釉质-齿质交界面几何形态接近于本文所涉及的大型猿类对比标本,但并没有表现出与某一特定类群的相似性;咬合面轮廓狭长,前凹尺寸明显小于后凹;整体形态介于齿质尖较高的大猩猩和齿质尖较低、釉质-齿质交界面形态扁平的巨猿、猩猩和黑猩猩之间。本文所观察到的类群之间的异同可能与趋同演化有关,也需要更多数据的进一步验证。将釉质-齿质交界面的三维几何形态和其他牙齿内部结构的信息（如釉质厚度及其三维分布规律等）综合,有助于进一步讨论蝴蝶古猿的分类学、系统发育和食性。

关键词: 中新世大型猿类, 釉质-齿质交界面, 显微CT成像, 几何形态测量, 牙齿人类学

Abstract:

The dental endostructural morphology of the Miocene hominid, Lufengpithecus hudienensis from Yuanmou basin remains largely undocumented. Here we first use micro-CT scanning and landmark-based, 3D geometric morphometric tools to conduct a preliminary study on the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) morphology of Lufengpithecus hudienensis lower fourth premolars(n=6), with a comparative sample of fossil and extant great apes (n=26) and modern humans(n=10). Multivariate analysis of the shapes of the EDJ ridge curves suggests that L. hudienensis as membership in the hominids, it has slender occlusal outline and smaller fovea anterior than posterior, which is a relatively primitive feature (compared with Homo) widely expressed among great apes and early hominins. In the between-group PCA (bgPCA) plot, L. hudienensis is placed at an intermediate position between Gorilla (sharp dentine horns and elevated topology) and other hominid taxa with relatively flattened EDJ represented by Pan, fossil Pongo and Gigantopithecus blacki, such similarities may reflect functional adaptation rather than phylogenetic signals, but further analysis with a large sample is needed before drawing a conclusion. Interspecific overlap between L. hudienensis and comparative samples is minor. The morphological affinity between L. hudienensis and comparative samples is investigated. The possible implications for dietary inferences in light of EDJ morphology and previously documented enamel thickness data are discussed.

Key words: Miocene great-ape, Enamel dentine junction, Micro-CT imaging, Geometric morphometrics, Dental anthropology

中图分类号:

Q983⁺.3

潘雷, 廖卫, 王伟, 刘建辉, 吉学平, 杨晓梅, 郝以鑫. 禄丰古猿蝴蝶种下第四前臼齿釉质-齿质交界面的三维几何形态[J]. 人类学学报, 2020, 39(04): 555-563.

PAN Lei, LIAO Wei, WANG Wei, LIU Jianhui, JI Xueping, YANG Xiaomei, HAO Yixin. Geometric morphometry of the enamel-dentine junction interface of Lufengpithecus hudienensis lower fourth premolars[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2020, 39(04): 555-563.

图/表 4

Tab.1 Composition of the study sample

Taxon	n	Provenance	Chronological range	Citation (description of the outer enamel)
Lufengpithecus hudienensis	6	Zhupeng-Xiaohe Site, Yuanmou	Biochronology: 9-7 or 8.5-6 Ma^[39]; Paleomagnetic age: 8.2-7.2 Ma^[2,4]	Qi and Dong^[1],He and Jia^[40]
Gigantopithecus blacki	8	Gigantopithecus cave, Liucheng	Early Pleistocene^[36]; Cladistic computation: 1.5-1.2 Ma^[37]	Woo^[35],Pei^[36]
Fossil Pongo sp.	10	Naxian cave, Chongzuo	Middle to Late Pleistocene	unpublished
Pan troglodytes	4	Africa	Extant	-
Gorilla gorilla	4	Africa	Extant	-
Recent modern human	10	Asia/ South Africa	Extant	Pan et al^{[41, 23]}

Fig.1 Occlusal views of the EDJ of L. hudienensis P4 Left teeth were mirrored to the right side and were marked with an asterisk (*). Abbreviations: B=buccal; D=distal; L=lingual; M=mesial. Scale bar=5 mm

Fig.2 EDJ surface model of a fossil Pongo P4, showing occlusal (A), buccal (B) and lingual (C) views The buccal and lingual views are slightly oblique to show the distribution of landmarks. Yellow spheres are semi-landmarks running between homologous landmarks (numbered, red spheres). Abbreviations: B=buccal; L=lingual; D=distal; M=mesial

Fig.3 A) Result of bgPCA of the semi-landmark configuration of P4. a-f) Lineplots of EDJ ridge curves after Procurstes superimposition and bgPCA A) bgPC1 and bgPC2 represent components of the shape variation. Coloring of a-f: green-bgPC1 Max; red-bgPC1 Min; blue-bgPC2 Max; yellow-bgPC2 Min. The buccal and lingual views (b-f) are slightly oblique to better present the 3D image

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禄丰古猿蝴蝶种下第四前臼齿釉质-齿质交界面的三维几何形态

Geometric morphometry of the enamel-dentine junction interface of Lufengpithecus hudienensis lower fourth premolars

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