华南地区史前人类骨骼的生物力学特征

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0056

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文的主要目的是了解华南地区史前时期人类在行为活动上的历时性变化,希望在此基础上认识该地区史前人类文化行为模式和生业方式变迁问题。应用骨骼生物力学方法,对顶蛳山遗址、鲤鱼墩遗址、冲塘遗址、江边遗址及何村遗址古人类肢骨的相关骨骼生物力学特征进行了比较,并在更广泛的时空范围内和生业方式下进行了更多人群的对比。研究结果表明,华南地区史前时期在距今8000-4000年的时期内,不同考古学文化人群在活动方式上较为相似。虽然多数华南史前时期人群之间在骨骼的抗压和抗拉伸力以及抗扭转力方面存在显著性差异,但他们都表现出较高的活动性,均未显示出低水平行为活动的现象。这些人群在诸多骨骼生物力学特征上与已知的狩猎—采集型人群的最为相似,与农业定居型人群的差异显著。本文认为上述华南史前时期人群在行为活动上更接近狩猎-采集型。

关键词: 骨骼, 生物力学, 人类行为, 华南, 史前

Abstract:

The paper aims to understand the diachronic changes of prehistoric human behavior in South China, and hope to understand the changes of prehistoric human cultural behavior patterns and lifestyles. The paper compared the biomechanical characteristics of limb bones of ancient human in Dingsishan site, Liyudun site, Chongtang site, Jiangbian site and Hecun site, and compared more groups in a broader space-time range and lifestyles. The results show that the activities of different archaeological groups in the area were similar during 8000-4000 BP. Although most of the prehistoric people in South China have significant differences in compressive, tensile and torsional strength, they all show high activities. These groups are most similar to the known hunting-gathering groups in many aspects of bone biomechanical characteristics, and are significantly different from the agricultural groups. Therefore, the paper argues that the behavior and activities of the prehistoric people in South China is closer to that of hunting-gathering groups.

Key words: Bone, Biomechanics, Human activity, South China, Prehistoric

中图分类号:

Q983

李法军. 华南地区史前人类骨骼的生物力学特征[J]. 人类学学报, 2020, 39(04): 599-615.

LI Fajun. Biomechanical features of the prehistoric people’s bones from South China[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2020, 39(04): 599-615.

图/表 10

参考文献 43

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遗址Site	性别Sex	个体数 n	肱骨数humeri		股骨数femora		胫骨数tibiae
遗址Site	性别Sex	个体数 n	左L	右R	左L	右R	左L	右R
顶蛳山Dingsishan(DSS)	男male	22	8	4	8	10	5	5
顶蛳山Dingsishan(DSS)	女female	18	5	8	7	5	5	8
鲤鱼墩遗址Liyudun(LYD)	男male	3	2	0	2	1	2	2
鲤鱼墩遗址Liyudun(LYD)	女female	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
冲塘-江边遗址Chongtang-Jiangbian(C-J)	男male	7	4	5	6	6	6	4
冲塘-江边遗址Chongtang-Jiangbian(C-J)	女female	3	0	0	1	3	2	2
何村遗址Hecun(HC)	男male	12	4	4	4	4	6	3
何村遗址Hecun(HC)	女female	1	0	1	0	0	0	0
桃花园墓地Thaohuayuan(THY)	男male	46	42	42	43	41	39	38
桃花园墓地Thaohuayuan(THY)	女female	33	29	31	33	31	28	28

遗址Site	性别Sex	个体数 n	肱骨数humeri		股骨数femora		胫骨数tibiae
遗址Site	性别Sex	个体数 n	左L	右R	左L	右R	左L	右R
顶蛳山Dingsishan(DSS)	男male	22	8	4	8	10	5	5
顶蛳山Dingsishan(DSS)	女female	18	5	8	7	5	5	8
鲤鱼墩遗址Liyudun(LYD)	男male	3	2	0	2	1	2	2
鲤鱼墩遗址Liyudun(LYD)	女female	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
冲塘-江边遗址Chongtang-Jiangbian(C-J)	男male	7	4	5	6	6	6	4
冲塘-江边遗址Chongtang-Jiangbian(C-J)	女female	3	0	0	1	3	2	2
何村遗址Hecun(HC)	男male	12	4	4	4	4	6	3
何村遗址Hecun(HC)	女female	1	0	1	0	0	0	0
桃花园墓地Thaohuayuan(THY)	男male	46	42	42	43	41	39	38
桃花园墓地Thaohuayuan(THY)	女female	33	29	31	33	31	28	28

骨骼Bones		顶蛳山DSS			鲤鱼墩LYD			冲塘-江边遗址CJ			何村遗址HC			桃花园墓地THY
骨骼Bones		S	I_sa/I_si	J_s	S	I_sa/I_si	J_s	S	I_sa/I_si	J_s	S	I_sa/I_si	J_s	S	I_sa/I_si	J_s
左肱骨humeri L	n	4	7	4	1	2	1	4	5	4	1	4	1	47	46	46
	x	5.30	1.48	24.47	3.67	1.37	10.88	4.11	1.11	17.92	4.14	1.25	29.53	4.36	1.33	22.26
	d_s	0.60	0.48	3.22	-	0.04	-	0.22	0.07	2.43	-	0.16	-	0.07	0.17	4.56
右肱骨humeri R	n	2	4	2	-	1	-	5	5	5	1	4	1	46	46	46
	x	5.02	1.79	26.49	-	1.25	-	4.01	1.22	16.57	4.16	1.22	19.14	4.33	1.25	21.32
	d_s	0.69	0.58	7.66	-	-	-	0.15	0.18	2.11	-	0.09	-	0.47	0.14	4.30
左股骨femora L	n	8	8	8	2	2	2	4	4	4	3	3	3	48	48	46
	x	9.22	1.37	41.83	9.18	1.65	44.47	7.25	1.12	29.70	7.29	1.57	29.55	8.39	1.29	40.69
	d_s	0.47	0.19	5.06	0.04	0.33	4.19	0.55	0.27	4.67	0.53	0.08	3.08	0.82	0.15	7.31
右股骨femora R	n	8	9	8	1	-	1	6	6	6	4	4	4	47	47	47
	x	8.89	1.35	43.08	10.1	-	48.70	7.34	1.49	29.55	7.08	1.72	27.73	8.11	1.27	38.43
	d_s	0.81	0.10	7.07	-	-	-	0.66	0.25	4.62	0.30	0.24	1.56	0.87	0.17	7.53
左胫骨tibiae L	n	2	4	2	2	4	2	6	6	6	2	6	2	47	47	47
	x	8.70	2.43	52.53	7.41	2.53	39.24	6.53	2.29	35.38	6.51	2.33	36.83	6.70	2.13	40.56
	d_s	1.87	0.37	7.93	1.57	0.41	15.33	0.80	0.48	5.66	0.11	0.45	3.33	0.79	0.37	8.58
右胫骨tibiae R	n	4	6	4	1	-	1	3	4	3	2	3	2	44	44	44
	x	8.21	3.33	49.12	9.01	-	52.426	6.07	2.25	29.26	6.17	2.16	29.87	6.55	49.12	39.12
	d_s	1.36	0.77	3.85	-	-	-	0.44	0.27	3.44	0.15	0.25	3.87	0.80	3.85	8.90

骨骼Bones		顶蛳山DSS			鲤鱼墩LYD			冲塘-江边遗址CJ			何村遗址HC			桃花园墓地THY
骨骼Bones		S	I_sa/I_si	J_s	S	I_sa/I_si	J_s	S	I_sa/I_si	J_s	S	I_sa/I_si	J_s	S	I_sa/I_si	J_s
左肱骨humeri L	n	4	7	4	1	2	1	4	5	4	1	4	1	47	46	46
	x	5.30	1.48	24.47	3.67	1.37	10.88	4.11	1.11	17.92	4.14	1.25	29.53	4.36	1.33	22.26
	d_s	0.60	0.48	3.22	-	0.04	-	0.22	0.07	2.43	-	0.16	-	0.07	0.17	4.56
右肱骨humeri R	n	2	4	2	-	1	-	5	5	5	1	4	1	46	46	46
	x	5.02	1.79	26.49	-	1.25	-	4.01	1.22	16.57	4.16	1.22	19.14	4.33	1.25	21.32
	d_s	0.69	0.58	7.66	-	-	-	0.15	0.18	2.11	-	0.09	-	0.47	0.14	4.30
左股骨femora L	n	8	8	8	2	2	2	4	4	4	3	3	3	48	48	46
	x	9.22	1.37	41.83	9.18	1.65	44.47	7.25	1.12	29.70	7.29	1.57	29.55	8.39	1.29	40.69
	d_s	0.47	0.19	5.06	0.04	0.33	4.19	0.55	0.27	4.67	0.53	0.08	3.08	0.82	0.15	7.31
右股骨femora R	n	8	9	8	1	-	1	6	6	6	4	4	4	47	47	47
	x	8.89	1.35	43.08	10.1	-	48.70	7.34	1.49	29.55	7.08	1.72	27.73	8.11	1.27	38.43
	d_s	0.81	0.10	7.07	-	-	-	0.66	0.25	4.62	0.30	0.24	1.56	0.87	0.17	7.53
左胫骨tibiae L	n	2	4	2	2	4	2	6	6	6	2	6	2	47	47	47
	x	8.70	2.43	52.53	7.41	2.53	39.24	6.53	2.29	35.38	6.51	2.33	36.83	6.70	2.13	40.56
	d_s	1.87	0.37	7.93	1.57	0.41	15.33	0.80	0.48	5.66	0.11	0.45	3.33	0.79	0.37	8.58
右胫骨tibiae R	n	4	6	4	1	-	1	3	4	3	2	3	2	44	44	44
	x	8.21	3.33	49.12	9.01	-	52.426	6.07	2.25	29.26	6.17	2.16	29.87	6.55	49.12	39.12
	d_s	1.36	0.77	3.85	-	-	-	0.44	0.27	3.44	0.15	0.25	3.87	0.80	3.85	8.90

骨骼Bones		顶蛳山DSS			鲤鱼墩LYD			冲塘-江边遗址CJ			何村遗址HC			桃花园墓地THY
		S	I_sa/I_si	J_s	S	I_sa/I_si	J_s	S	I_sa/I_si	J_s	S	I_sa/I_si	J_s	S	I_sa/I_si	J_s
左肱骨humeri L	n	4	5	4	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	28	26	26
	x	4.25	1.83	4.13	3.76	1.08	13.02	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.60	1.23	17.80
	d_s	1.00	0.16	8.62	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.08	0.19	4.06
右肱骨humeri R	n	4	8	4	1	1	1	-	-	-	-	1	-	29	29	29
	x	4.13	1.72	18.92	2.91	1.04	14.42	-	-	-	-	1.15	-	3.80	1.31	16.76
	d_s	0.33	0.27	5.00	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.42	0.34	3.76
左股骨femora L	n	9	9	9	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	30	30	29
	x	8.39	1.35	34.04	8.37	1.58	34.40	6.93	1.57	24.69	-	-	-	7.25	1.32	31.44
	d_s	0.91	0.18	11.51	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.85	0.19	7.04
右股骨femora R	n	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	3	2	-	-	-	28	28	28
	x	7.62	1.81	34.81	9.08	1.48	37.41	6.78	1.38	26.11	-	-	-	7.22	1.28	31.63
	d_s	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.20	0.41	5.17	-	-	-	1.03	0.20	8.53
左胫骨tibiae L	n	1	6	1	1	1	1		1	-	-	-	-	25	25	24
	x	7.30	2.60	38.21	6.25	2.20	40.20		1.68	-	-	-	-	5.25	1.91	25.85
	d_s	-	0.26	-	-	-	-		-	-	-	-	-	0.73	0.44	7.30
右胫骨tibiae R	n	3	8	3	1	1	1	1	1	1	-	-	-	26	26	25
	x	6.73	2.32	34.37	6.99	2.21	37.23	5.42	2.52	25.73	-	-	-	5.21	1.92	25.09
	d_s	1.32	0.40	10.87	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.72	0.31	6.58