人类学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (01): 87-96.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2019.0012
收稿日期:
2018-07-24
修回日期:
2018-12-16
出版日期:
2021-02-15
发布日期:
2021-02-25
通讯作者:
杨谊时
作者简介:
陈国科(1980-),男,甘肃静宁人,博士,甘肃省文物考古研究所研究馆员,主要从事冶金考古、丝绸之路考古。
基金资助:
CHEN Guoke1, YANG Yishi1(), ZHANG Shanjia2, WANG Hui1
Received:
2018-07-24
Revised:
2018-12-16
Online:
2021-02-15
Published:
2021-02-25
Contact:
YANG Yishi
摘要:
本文通过张掖西城驿遗址文化层沉积物及现代表土沉积物元素地球化学分析,结合高分辨率碳化植物种子14C 测年和最新考古发掘资料,揭示了西城驿遗址4200-3500 BP cal期间人类活动特征,佐证了不同文化阶段人类冶金活动强度变化。Rb/Sr比值、磁化率和重金属元素(Cu、Zn、Pb、As、Ni)含量变化过程显示,西城驿地区4200-4000 BP cal马厂文化时期人类活动增强,冶金活动开始出现;4000-3700 BP cal西城驿文化时期出现了冶金高峰期;四坝文化时期(3700-3500 BP cal)冶金活动强度相对减弱。
中图分类号:
陈国科, 杨谊时, 张山佳, 王辉. 张掖西城驿遗址新石器时代晚期-青铜时代人类冶金活动的元素地球化学记录[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(01): 87-96.
CHEN Guoke, YANG Yishi, ZHANG Shanjia, WANG Hui. Elemental geochemistry records of metallurgical activities during the late Neolithic and Bronze age in the Xichengyi site, Zhangye[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(01): 87-96.
图1 研究区域史前文化遗址分布 1.西城驿遗址/Xichengyi site;2.西灰山遗址/Xihuishan site; 3.东灰山遗址/Donghuishan site;4.缸缸洼遗址/Ganggangwa site;5.火石梁遗址/Huoshiliang site
Fig.1 The distribution of prehistoric cultural sites in the study area
图2 西城驿遗址剖面及出土相关冶金遗物 a. 2012ZXT0702,东壁剖面/ East wall section;b. 2011ZHT0404,石范/ Stone molds;c. 2010ZXT0101⑦b,鼓风管/Blowpipe nozzles;d. 2010ZHT0302H8⑤,铜锥/Copper cone;e. 2010-2011ZH,铜矿石/Copper ores; f. 2010ZHT0301⑤c,铜渣Copper slags;g. 2010ZHH15③,炉壁Furnace wall fragments
Fig.2 Xichengyi site section and related metallurgical relics
实验室编号 Lab No. | 采样单位 Samping position | 测年材料 Dating material | 14C年龄 Radioncarbon age (a BP) | 树轮校正年龄 Calibrated age (BP cal) | 文化类型 Cultural type | 参考文献 Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1Sigma(68.2%) | 2Sigma(95.4%) | ||||||
ZK3458 | T0301-6e | 炭化植物 | 3412±24 | 3633-3695 | 3586-3719 | 四坝文化 | [31,33] |
ZK3480 | T0301-F4④ | 木炭 | 3451±24 | 3644-3818 | 3640-3826 | 四坝文化 | [31,33] |
ZK3477 | T0301-F4① | 炭化植物 | 3355±24 | 3571-3632 | 3511-3686 | 四坝文化 | [31,33] |
ZK3457 | T0301-6c | 小麦 | 3391±26 | 3594-3686 | 3575-3695 | 四坝文化 | [31,33] |
ZK4997 | T0301-M4 | 人骨 | 3481±25 | 3702-3826 | 3650-3834 | 四坝文化 | [31,33] |
ZK5017 | T0302-6a | 羊骨 | 3452±22 | 3645-3818 | 3640-3826 | 四坝文化 | [31,33] |
ZK3501 | T0301-H8① | 木炭 | 3401±24 | 3612-3690 | 3581-3699 | 四坝文化 | [31,33] |
ZK3487 | T0302-H8④ | 木炭 | 3480±22 | 3701-3826 | 3692-3832 | 四坝文化 | [31,33] |
ZK3468 | T0301-5a | 炭化植物 | 3396±25 | 3608-3689 | 3580-3695 | 四坝文化 | [31,33] |
LZU15133 | 地层-9 | 木炭 | 3670±25 | 3931-4079 | 3920-4086 | 西城驿文化 | 本文 |
LZU15135 | 地层-11 | 粟 | 3610±50 | 3853-3978 | 3731-4084 | 西城驿文化 | 本文 |
LZU15134 | 地层-20 | 粟 | 3745±25 | 4013-4150 | 3988-4223 | 马厂文化 | 本文 |
ZK3464 | T0301-8c | 炭化植物 | 3700±24 | 3987-4085 | 3972-4145 | 马厂文化 | [31,33] |
表1 西城驿遗址剖面AMS 14C测年结果
Tab.1 Results of AMS 14C dates from Xichengyi site section
实验室编号 Lab No. | 采样单位 Samping position | 测年材料 Dating material | 14C年龄 Radioncarbon age (a BP) | 树轮校正年龄 Calibrated age (BP cal) | 文化类型 Cultural type | 参考文献 Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1Sigma(68.2%) | 2Sigma(95.4%) | ||||||
ZK3458 | T0301-6e | 炭化植物 | 3412±24 | 3633-3695 | 3586-3719 | 四坝文化 | [31,33] |
ZK3480 | T0301-F4④ | 木炭 | 3451±24 | 3644-3818 | 3640-3826 | 四坝文化 | [31,33] |
ZK3477 | T0301-F4① | 炭化植物 | 3355±24 | 3571-3632 | 3511-3686 | 四坝文化 | [31,33] |
ZK3457 | T0301-6c | 小麦 | 3391±26 | 3594-3686 | 3575-3695 | 四坝文化 | [31,33] |
ZK4997 | T0301-M4 | 人骨 | 3481±25 | 3702-3826 | 3650-3834 | 四坝文化 | [31,33] |
ZK5017 | T0302-6a | 羊骨 | 3452±22 | 3645-3818 | 3640-3826 | 四坝文化 | [31,33] |
ZK3501 | T0301-H8① | 木炭 | 3401±24 | 3612-3690 | 3581-3699 | 四坝文化 | [31,33] |
ZK3487 | T0302-H8④ | 木炭 | 3480±22 | 3701-3826 | 3692-3832 | 四坝文化 | [31,33] |
ZK3468 | T0301-5a | 炭化植物 | 3396±25 | 3608-3689 | 3580-3695 | 四坝文化 | [31,33] |
LZU15133 | 地层-9 | 木炭 | 3670±25 | 3931-4079 | 3920-4086 | 西城驿文化 | 本文 |
LZU15135 | 地层-11 | 粟 | 3610±50 | 3853-3978 | 3731-4084 | 西城驿文化 | 本文 |
LZU15134 | 地层-20 | 粟 | 3745±25 | 4013-4150 | 3988-4223 | 马厂文化 | 本文 |
ZK3464 | T0301-8c | 炭化植物 | 3700±24 | 3987-4085 | 3972-4145 | 马厂文化 | [31,33] |
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