西安鱼化寨史前婴幼儿乳齿的特征

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2019.0078

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文通过对西安鱼化寨史前婴幼儿乳齿特征的观察研究,发现人类乳齿与恒齿在种族识别方面具有相同的价值,且乳齿齿冠部分形态特征相较于恒齿表现的更加鲜明。统计分析结果显示,鱼化寨婴幼儿乳齿形态与东北亚人群具有的“中国型牙”接近,同时兼有少量东南亚人群具有的“巽他型牙”特征,这与同时期关中地区其他古代人群颅骨上反映的种族特征基本一致。笔者对这种现象产生的原因进行了分析。此外,本文还针对鱼化寨婴幼儿乳齿的测量数据进行了分析和探讨。

关键词: 鱼化寨, 乳齿, 仰韶文化, 人种

Abstract:

Through observing and studying the characteristics of the deciduous teeth of prehistoric infants in Yuhuazhai village, Xi’an, this paper finds that the deciduous teeth and permanent teeth have the same value in ethnic identification, and the partial morphological characteristics of the deciduous teeth are more distinct than that of permanent teeth. The results of statistical analysis showed that the morphology of the deciduous teeth of Yuhuazhai infants was similar to that of Sinodonty of Northeast Asian populations, and the Sundadonty of a small number of Southeast Asian populations, which was basically consistent with the cranial characteristics of other ancient populations in Guanzhong during the same period. The author analyzes the reason of this phenomenon. In addition, the measurement data of the deciduous teeth of Yuhuazhai infants were analyzed and discussed.

Key words: Yuhuazhai, Deciduous tooth, Yangshao culture, Race

中图分类号:

Q983

雷帅, 陈靓, 翟霖林. 西安鱼化寨史前婴幼儿乳齿的特征[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(02): 208-225.

LEI Shuai, CHEN Liang, ZHAI Linlin. A study on the characteristics of prehistoric deciduous teeth of infants in Yuhuazhai village, Xi’an[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(02): 208-225.

图/表 15

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观察齿/Teeth	分级范围 /Grades	性状出现 /Breakpoint	样本总数/n₀	0级		1级		2级		3级
观察齿/Teeth	分级范围 /Grades	性状出现 /Breakpoint	样本总数/n₀	n	出现率/Frequency	n	出现率/Frequency	n	出现率/Frequency	n	出现率/Frequency
上颌中门齿/ui1	0-3	1-3	14	0	0.00	4	28.57%	7	50.00%	3	21.43%
上颌侧门齿/ui2	0-3	1-3	13	0	0.00	2	15.39%	9	69.23%	2	15.38%
上颌犬齿/uc	0-2	0-2	12	2	16.67%	3	25.00%	7	58.33%
下颌犬齿/lc	0-3	1-3	15	0	0.00	4	26.67%	10	66.67%	1	6.66%

观察齿/Teeth	分级范围 /Grades	性状出现 /Breakpoint	样本总数/n₀	0级		1级		2级		3级
观察齿/Teeth	分级范围 /Grades	性状出现 /Breakpoint	样本总数/n₀	n	出现率/Frequency	n	出现率/Frequency	n	出现率/Frequency	n	出现率/Frequency
上颌中门齿/ui1	0-3	1-3	14	0	0.00	4	28.57%	7	50.00%	3	21.43%
上颌侧门齿/ui2	0-3	1-3	13	0	0.00	2	15.39%	9	69.23%	2	15.38%
上颌犬齿/uc	0-2	0-2	12	2	16.67%	3	25.00%	7	58.33%
下颌犬齿/lc	0-3	1-3	15	0	0.00	4	26.67%	10	66.67%	1	6.66%

组别/Groups	ui1			ui2
组别/Groups	n₀	n	性状出现率 /Frequency	n₀	n	性状出现率 /Frequency
日本组/J	124	95	76.60%	163	152	93.30%
Pima印第安组/PI	78	48	61.60%	98	63	64.30%
因纽特组/I	16	8	50.00%	5	3	60.00%
美国白人组/AW	20	0	0	24	0	0
美国黑人组/AN	10	1	10.00%	22	3	15.00%
长阳组/CY	32	25	78.10%	50	42	84.00%
鱼化寨组/YHZ	14	10	71.43%	13	11	84.61%

组别/Groups	ui1			ui2
组别/Groups	n₀	n	性状出现率 /Frequency	n₀	n	性状出现率 /Frequency
日本组/J	124	95	76.60%	163	152	93.30%
Pima印第安组/PI	78	48	61.60%	98	63	64.30%
因纽特组/I	16	8	50.00%	5	3	60.00%
美国白人组/AW	20	0	0	24	0	0
美国黑人组/AN	10	1	10.00%	22	3	15.00%
长阳组/CY	32	25	78.10%	50	42	84.00%
鱼化寨组/YHZ	14	10	71.43%	13	11	84.61%

组别/Groups	样本总数/n₀	2		3M		3H		4
组别/Groups	样本总数/n₀	n	F	n	F	n	F	n	F
日本组/J	184	28	15.20%	111	60.30%	8	4.30%	37	20.10%
美国白人组/AW	55	33	60.00%	13	23.60%	9	16.40%	0	0.00
美国黑人组/AN	50	14	28.00%	18	36.00%	8	16.00%	10	20.00%
长阳组/CY	33	6	18.20%	18	54.50%	3	9.10%	6	18.20%
鱼化寨组/YHZ	22	2	9.10%	10	45.45%	0	0.00	10	45.45%