牙齿微痕研究在古食性重建中应用的简述

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2019.0044

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在古食性研究中,牙齿微痕是指动物在咀嚼食物的过程中在牙齿咬合面上产生的微观磨损痕迹。不同食性的动物具有不同的牙齿微痕特征,因此可以通过研究牙齿微痕特征来重建灭绝动物的古食性,为探讨动物演化和古生态环境变化提供重要信息。本文主要介绍牙齿微痕作为一种简单而高效的古食性重建方法在古生物领域中的应用。本文主要内容包括牙齿微痕的发展历史,形成机理与应用,以及近年来被广泛应用的牙齿微痕定量化分析——表面纹理分析法,并在最后浅谈了牙齿微痕研究未来可能研究的方向。

关键词: 牙齿, 微痕, 表面纹理, 饮食结构, 分析方法

Abstract:

Dental microwear analysis is the study of microscopic scratches and pits that form on teeth as the result of their use. The pattern of microwear on a tooth is distinctive and varies with foods eaten, so can be used as a proxy for diet. Dental microwear therefore has the potential to provide important insights into paleoecology and evolution of extinct forms. This paper introduces the application of dental microwear analysis as a simple and efficient method of diet reconstruction for the fields of bioarchaeology and paleontology. The principal approaches used to relate pattern of microwear to diet will be presented. Further, current understandings of the etiology of dental microwear will be summarized. In addition, methods of texture analysis applied to dental microwear surfaces will be reviewed. Finally, possible directions for future research on dental microwear will be proposed.

Key words: Tooth, Microwear, Surface texture, Diet, Methods

中图分类号:

Q983

华李成, Peter S UNGAR. 牙齿微痕研究在古食性重建中应用的简述[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(02): 292-306.

HUA Licheng, Peter S UNGAR. Application of dental microwear in diets reconstruction[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(02): 292-306.

图/表 4

图1 BITE MASTER II 实验机体外模拟牙齿不同接触角度的咬合后的微痕特征和Asfc变化曲线[29]

Fig.1 Dental microwear textures generated and Asfc curve using the BITE MASTER II with different angles of approach[29]

图2 表面微痕特征假设示意图[120] a)各向异性纹理/anisotropic texture;b)复杂纹理/complex texture;c)非均匀结构纹理heterogeneous texture/;d)均匀纹理/homogeneous texture

Fig.2 Schematic hypothetical microwear surfaces showing(Scott, Ungar et al, 2006)

图3 长度比例分析,深度剖面的相对长度取决于测量尺度,同一个深度剖面可以有不同的定向量[120]

Fig.3 Length-scale analysis. The relative length of a depth transect across a surface depends on measurement scale (compare a and b). Transects can be taken at different orientations (c)[120]

图4 卷尾猴 (A) 和吼猴 (B) 的牙齿表面微痕纹理分析[141]

Fig.4 Dental microwear texture analysis[141]. (A) Capuchin monkey; (B) howler monkey

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