儿童牙齿磨耗研究概述

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

牙齿磨耗是一个多因素、多阶段、复杂渐进的过程。其特征是牙齿硬组织逐渐消失,牙齿磨耗程度可以一定程度反映饮食结构和生活方式。国外很多学者探讨了年龄、性别、饮食结构、断奶、社会分工、社会经济地位等因素对儿童牙齿磨耗的影响,及乳齿恒齿磨耗差异、牙列磨耗模式特点、牙齿磨耗与错𬌗畸形的关系等,而国内儿童牙齿磨耗研究相对薄弱。本文通过梳理和归纳相关文献,对儿童牙齿磨耗研究作简要概述,并对国内相关研究作简要回顾及展望。

关键词: 儿童, 牙齿, 磨耗, 影响因素

Abstract:

Tooth wear is a multifactorial, multistage, complex and gradual process characterized by progressive loss of hard dental tissues, which could indicate dietary structure and lifestyle to some extent. Many foreign scholars have explored the tooth wear of children, including deciduous and permanent teeth wear difference, tooth wear patterns of children, and the relationship between tooth wear and malocclusion, as well as its possible related factors consisting of age, gender, dietary habit, weaning time, social division of labor and socio-economic status. However, compared with foreign research, domestic research on tooth wear of children is scarce. By summarizing related literature, this article briefly reviews the research on children’s tooth wear and gives an outlook on future research of children’s tooth wear in China.

Key words: Children, Tooth, Wear, Factors

中图分类号:

Q983

李海军, 陈慧敏, 刘力铭, 刘琳如. 儿童牙齿磨耗研究概述[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(04): 695-705.

LI Haijun, CHEN Huimin, LIU Liming, LIU Linru. A review of tooth wear of children[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(04): 695-705.

图/表 2

参考文献 59

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阶段Stage	磨耗描述 Description of deciduous teeth wear
0	没有可见的磨耗,牙齿没有磨耗痕迹（牙齿未完全萌出或刚萌出）
1	牙釉质出现微小磨耗面（可反射光的小平面）
2	牙釉质变得圆钝。臼齿齿尖有磨损,稍变圆钝
3	牙釉质变平。臼齿齿尖变平,未发生牙本质暴露
4	牙本质暴露（初期）。通常仅在牙齿的一侧（颊侧）暴露出牙本质（1-2个小区域）
5	牙本质暴露（中期）。3-5个齿尖处出现牙本质暴露,暴露面积很小,唇、颊侧都有分布
6	牙本质暴露（接近全部）。所有或大多数齿尖处出现牙本质暴露,暴露面积大于第5阶段
7	牙本质暴露（相当大）。随着更多的牙本质暴露,牙本质暴露区域近似菱形或矩形
8	牙本质进一步暴露。在这个阶段,有两个或多个牙本质暴露面逐渐融合,甚至仅在咬合面中心残存部分牙釉质
9	牙釉质环。咬合面的牙釉质被磨耗完,仅牙齿周边尚存薄环状釉质
10	牙根开始出现磨耗。在乳齿自然脱落之前,磨耗到这个程度很罕见

阶段Stage	磨耗描述 Description of deciduous teeth wear
0	没有可见的磨耗,牙齿没有磨耗痕迹（牙齿未完全萌出或刚萌出）
1	牙釉质出现微小磨耗面（可反射光的小平面）
2	牙釉质变得圆钝。臼齿齿尖有磨损,稍变圆钝
3	牙釉质变平。臼齿齿尖变平,未发生牙本质暴露
4	牙本质暴露（初期）。通常仅在牙齿的一侧（颊侧）暴露出牙本质（1-2个小区域）
5	牙本质暴露（中期）。3-5个齿尖处出现牙本质暴露,暴露面积很小,唇、颊侧都有分布
6	牙本质暴露（接近全部）。所有或大多数齿尖处出现牙本质暴露,暴露面积大于第5阶段
7	牙本质暴露（相当大）。随着更多的牙本质暴露,牙本质暴露区域近似菱形或矩形
8	牙本质进一步暴露。在这个阶段,有两个或多个牙本质暴露面逐渐融合,甚至仅在咬合面中心残存部分牙釉质
9	牙釉质环。咬合面的牙釉质被磨耗完,仅牙齿周边尚存薄环状釉质
10	牙根开始出现磨耗。在乳齿自然脱落之前,磨耗到这个程度很罕见