不同球类运动对大学生上下肢骨密度及其方向性不对称的影响

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0043

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同球类运动对上下肢骨密度及其方向性不对称的影响,特选取研究对象共210人,均分为7组,即篮球组、排球组、足球组、羽毛球组、乒乓球组、网球组和对照组,测量其上下肢的骨密度和方向性不对称性（DA）。结果显示,篮球组、排球组、羽毛球组、乒乓球组和网球组的上肢骨密度都是右侧明显高于左侧,下肢骨密度仅足球组表现为右侧高于左侧;不同组间的上下肢骨密度和DA具有统计学差异。结果还显示,左侧上肢骨密度的组间排序为排球组>足球组>第二亚组(乒乓球组、网球组和羽毛球组)>对照组,篮球组>乒乓球组、网球组和羽毛球组>对照组;右侧上肢骨密度的排序为网球组>乒乓球组、排球组和篮球组>足球组>对照组,乒乓球组>羽毛球组>足球组>对照组;左侧下肢骨密度的排序为足球组>篮球组、排球组、羽毛球组、乒乓球组和网球组>对照组;右侧下肢骨密度的排序为足球组>排球组、篮球组、网球组、羽毛球组和乒乓球组>对照组,排球组>羽毛球组和乒乓球组>对照组;DA的排序为网球组>乒乓球组、羽毛球组、篮球组和排球组,乒乓球组>篮球组和排球组。结果表明,球类运动能够提高上下肢骨密度并造成其方向性不对称;不同的球类运动影响程度不同,究其原因可能与骨骼所受的力学刺激有关。

关键词: 球类运动, 大学生, 上下肢, 骨密度, 方向性不对称

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of different ball games on the bone density and directional asymmetry of upper and lower limbs, 210 subjects were selected, whose age is 20.12±1.02 years old, who are right handness unddivided into 7 groups: basketball group, volleyball group, football group, badminton group, table tennis group, tennis group and control group, 30 persons per group, each group had a balanced sex ratio, similar height, normal body fat and body weight. The training years of each ball group were 6-8 years old, while the control group had no professional training years. Bone mineral density and Directional Asymmetry (DA) were measured. The results showed that the Upper Limb BMD of basketball group, volleyball group, badminton group, table tennis group and tennis group was significantly higher than that of the left Bone mineral density and DA of upper and lower limbs were significantly different among different groups. The results also showed that the order of bone density of left upper limb was volleyball group > football group > table tennis group, tennis group and badminton group > control group, basketball group > table tennis group, tennis group and badminton group > control group. The order of bone density of right upper limb was tennis group > table tennis group, volleyball group and basketball group > football group > control group, table tennis group > badminton group> football group > control group. The order of bone density of left lower limb was football group > basketball group, volleyball group, badminton group, table tennis group and tennis group > control group. The order of bone density of right lower limb was football group > volleyball group, basketball group, tennis group, badminton group and table tennis group > control group, volleyball group > badminton group and table tennis group > control group The order of DA is tennis group > table tennis group, badminton group, basketball group and volleyball group, table tennis group > basketball group and volleyball group. The results suggest that ball games can improve the bone density of upper and lower limbs and cause the asymmetry of its direction. The reason may be related to the mechanical stimulation to the bone.

Key words: Ball games, College students, Upper and lower limbs, Bone mineral density, Directional asymmetry

中图分类号:

Q987

徐云亮. 不同球类运动对大学生上下肢骨密度及其方向性不对称的影响[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(06): 1023-1031.

XU Yunliang. Effects of different ball games on bone mineral density and directional asymmetry of upper and lower limbs in college students[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(06): 1023-1031.

图/表 4

参考文献 31

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组别/Groups	年龄/Age(a)	质量/Mass(kg)	身高/Height(cm)	体脂率/BF	BMI(kg/m²)	训练时间/Training years(a)
篮球/Basketball	20.06±0.97	66.84±4.17	178.62±4.41	(19.56±1.24)%	20.51±1.36	6.81±0.98
排球/Volleyball	20.11±0.85	66.38±5.01	177.91±3.32	(19.35±1.18)%	20.34±1.47	6.72±0.59
足球/Football	20.21±1.06	66.42±5.14	176.72±3.14	(19.61±1.32)%	20.75±1.56	6.91±1.01
羽毛球/Badminton	20.13±0.65	65.91±3.95	176.59±4.27	(19.22±1.40)%	20.29±1.17	6.94±1.12
乒乓球/Table tennis	19.96±1.13	65.83±4.28	176.52±2.96	(19.47±1.51)%	20.23±1.34	7.08±1.24
网球/Tennis	20.19±0.74	65.90±4.72	177.81±3.87	(19.17±1.58)%	20.17±1.31	6.67±0.52
对照/Control	20.21±0.48	66.14±4.09	178.24±3.19	(19.46±1.46)%	20.42±1.28	---
F值	0.317	0.672	0.521	0.348%	0.219	0.876
P值	0.195	0.119	0.136	0.181%	0.204	0.097

组别/Groups	年龄/Age(a)	质量/Mass(kg)	身高/Height(cm)	体脂率/BF	BMI(kg/m²)	训练时间/Training years(a)
篮球/Basketball	20.06±0.97	66.84±4.17	178.62±4.41	(19.56±1.24)%	20.51±1.36	6.81±0.98
排球/Volleyball	20.11±0.85	66.38±5.01	177.91±3.32	(19.35±1.18)%	20.34±1.47	6.72±0.59
足球/Football	20.21±1.06	66.42±5.14	176.72±3.14	(19.61±1.32)%	20.75±1.56	6.91±1.01
羽毛球/Badminton	20.13±0.65	65.91±3.95	176.59±4.27	(19.22±1.40)%	20.29±1.17	6.94±1.12
乒乓球/Table tennis	19.96±1.13	65.83±4.28	176.52±2.96	(19.47±1.51)%	20.23±1.34	7.08±1.24
网球/Tennis	20.19±0.74	65.90±4.72	177.81±3.87	(19.17±1.58)%	20.17±1.31	6.67±0.52
对照/Control	20.21±0.48	66.14±4.09	178.24±3.19	(19.46±1.46)%	20.42±1.28	---
F值	0.317	0.672	0.521	0.348%	0.219	0.876
P值	0.195	0.119	0.136	0.181%	0.204	0.097

组别/Groups	上肢/Upper limbs				下肢/Lower limbs
组别/Groups	男性/Male	女性/Female	t	P	男性/Male	女性/Female	t	P
篮球/Basketball	0.718±0.079	0.682±0.075	2.684	0.019	1.297±0.115	1.279±0.114	2.146	0.047
排球/Volleyball	0.749±0.086	0.691±0.084	3.172	0.001	1.293±0.129	1.281±0.132	2.173	0.044
足球/Football	0.711±0.081	0.689±0.085	2.451	0.021	1.339±0.131	1.321±0.135	2.144	0.047
羽毛球/Badminton	0.732±0.091	0.681±0.088	3.220	0.001	1.288±0.114	1.261±0.115	2.558	0.020
乒乓球/Table tennis	0.725±0.084	0.693±0.087	2.459	0.020	1.286±0.124	1.264±0.119	2.399	0.037
网球/Tennis	0.738±0.092	0.698±0.093	3.075	0.002	1.288±0.118	1.276±0.113	2.048	0.049
对照/Control	0.691±0.077	0.639±0.071	3.672	0.000	1.248±0.114	1.007±0.105	2.212	0.042

组别/Groups	上肢/Upper limbs				下肢/Lower limbs
组别/Groups	男性/Male	女性/Female	t	P	男性/Male	女性/Female	t	P
篮球/Basketball	0.718±0.079	0.682±0.075	2.684	0.019	1.297±0.115	1.279±0.114	2.146	0.047
排球/Volleyball	0.749±0.086	0.691±0.084	3.172	0.001	1.293±0.129	1.281±0.132	2.173	0.044
足球/Football	0.711±0.081	0.689±0.085	2.451	0.021	1.339±0.131	1.321±0.135	2.144	0.047
羽毛球/Badminton	0.732±0.091	0.681±0.088	3.220	0.001	1.288±0.114	1.261±0.115	2.558	0.020
乒乓球/Table tennis	0.725±0.084	0.693±0.087	2.459	0.020	1.286±0.124	1.264±0.119	2.399	0.037
网球/Tennis	0.738±0.092	0.698±0.093	3.075	0.002	1.288±0.118	1.276±0.113	2.048	0.049
对照/Control	0.691±0.077	0.639±0.071	3.672	0.000	1.248±0.114	1.007±0.105	2.212	0.042

组别/Groups	上肢/Upper limbs				下肢/Lower limbs
组别/Groups	左侧/Left	右侧/Right	t	P	左侧/Left	右侧/Right	t	P
篮球/Basketball	0.695±0.081	0.741±0.083	-2.129	0.041	1.275±0.116	1.291±0.115	-1.315	0.184
排球/Volleyball	0.701±0.086	0.743±0.091	-2.035	0.043	1.273±0.132	1.294±0.144	-1.317	0.162
足球/Football	0.691±0.079	0.696±0.082	-1.713	0.097	1.306±0.126	1.357±0.135	-2.313	0.037
羽毛球/Badminton	0.681±0.078	0.739±0.082	-2.309	0.038	1.271±0.114	1.286±0.115	-1.312	0.187
乒乓球/Table tennis	0.684±0.083	0.745±0.085	-2.331	0.031	1.269±0.054	1.282±0.054	-1.312	0.191
网球/Tennis	0.682±0.079	0.757±0.088	-2.552	0.016	1.274±0.117	1.290±0.116	-1.313	0.186
对照/Control	0.661±0.063	0.665±0.067	-1.320	0.118	1.224±0.114	1.233±0.105	-0.997	0.217