三维几何形态测量方法在石制品分析中的应用

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0076

人类学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (06): 970-980.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0076cstr: 32091.14.j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0076

三维几何形态测量方法在石制品分析中的应用

雷蕾¹(), 贺乐天², 李大伟³, 李浩⁴^,⁵()

1.贵州大学历史与民族文化学院,贵阳 550025
2.兰州大学历史文化学院考古与博物馆学研究所,兰州 730000
3.广西民族大学科技史与科技文化研究院
4.中国科学院脊椎动物与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京 100044
5.中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京 100044

收稿日期:2021-02-01 修回日期:2021-05-15 出版日期:2021-12-15 发布日期:2021-12-17
通讯作者: 李浩
作者简介:雷蕾,讲师,主要从事旧石器时代考古研究。E-mail: leileiivpp@163.com
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB26000000);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA19050102);中国科学院百人计划;贵州大学引进人才科研基金资助(贵大人基合字[2020]036号);广西自然科学基金(2021JJA150004)

The application of 3D geometric morphometric approach on the study of stone artifacts

LEI Lei¹(), HE Letian², LI Dawei³, LI Hao⁴^,⁵()

1. College of History and Ethnic Culture, Guizhou 550025
2. School of History and Culture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000
3. Institute for History and Culture of Science & Technology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006
4. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044
5. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044

Received:2021-02-01 Revised:2021-05-15 Online:2021-12-15 Published:2021-12-17
Contact: LI Hao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

几何形态测量方法是生物学研究中用于形态特征分析和形态比较研究的一种常用方法。其核心思想是利用空间坐标点获取研究对象的形态数据,再通过坐标数据的多元统计分析,定量探讨研究对象的形态特征及影响其形态变异的因素。近年来,随着三维扫描技术的广泛应用以及对于石制品形态特征量化分析要求的提高,基于三维模型的几何形态测量方法开始出现在相关的旧石器考古研究中。本文首先对三维几何形态测量分析方法及其在石制品研究中的应用情况进行介绍,随后具体阐述了该方法的分析流程。为便于国内学者更好地了解这一方法,本文进一步以广西百色盆地南坡山遗址发现的手斧为例,利用三维几何形态测量方法对这些手斧的几何形态特征进行了初步探讨。三维几何形态测量方法为石制品形态研究提供了新思路和新视角,有望成为今后中国旧石器考古研究中一个重要的发展方向。

关键词: 三维扫描, 三维几何形态测量方法, 标志点, 石制品分析, 旧石器考古

Abstract:

Geometric morphometric approach has been widely used in the morphological analysis and relevant comparative studies in biological science. The geometric morphometric study aims to use landmarks and their corresponding coordinates to reveal the geomorphological characteristics of artefacts and to explore the factors that could potentially influence the morphological variabilities. Accompanying with the wide application of 3D scanning technology and the increased requirements to obtain the quantitative and high-resolution morphological information of stone artefacts, the 3D geometric morphometric approach has been gradually adopted in the Paleolithic Archaeology. This paper presents a brief introduction of the 3D geometric morphometric method and its application in lithic analyses. Importantly, we also provide a relatively detailed description of analytical procedures of the 3D geometric morphometric approach. Finally, in order to facilitate our understanding of this innovative analytical method, we provide a case study of handaxe assemblage from the Nanposhan site in the Baise Basin, South China. Overall, the 3D geometric morphometric approach is providing new perspectives and insights into the old stone artefacts, and it will likely become an important research branch in the Chinese Paleolithic Archaeology in future.

Key words: 3D scanning, 3D geometric morphometric approach, Landmark, Lithic analysis, Paleolithic Archaeology

中图分类号:

K871.11

雷蕾, 贺乐天, 李大伟, 李浩. 三维几何形态测量方法在石制品分析中的应用[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(06): 970-980.

LEI Lei, HE Letian, LI Dawei, LI Hao. The application of 3D geometric morphometric approach on the study of stone artifacts[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(06): 970-980.

图/表 3

图1 三维几何形态测量中用于获取标志点的几种方法 1.利用坐标卡尺获取标志点;2.利用Rapid Works布设和获取标志点;3. R语言中随机自动布设和获取标志点;4. R语言中等距离自动布设和获取标志点

Fig.1 Different ways to obtain landmarks in the 3D geometric morphometric approach

图2 三维模型的获取及模型数据的预处理（修改自参考文献[25]） 1. 初步扫描获取的三维模型;2. 填补空洞及面片拼合;3. 生成封闭的三维模型;4. 定义标志点

Fig.2 Acquisition of 3D models and the pretreatment of models (modified from reference[25])

图3 百色盆地南坡山遗址手斧整体几何形态变异的主成分分析结果

Fig.3 Result of the Principal Component Analysis of the overall geomorphology of handaxes from the Nanposhan site, Baise Basin

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三维几何形态测量方法在石制品分析中的应用

The application of 3D geometric morphometric approach on the study of stone artifacts

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