新疆吐鲁番胜金店墓地人骨的牙齿微磨耗

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0029

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文使用不同倍率的超景深电子显微镜,对新疆吐鲁番胜金店墓地中出土的13例臼齿的颊侧微磨耗形态进行了观察和研究。通过对臼齿颊侧表面凹坑和条痕形态微磨耗的测量和统计,计算出每例牙齿的微痕数量、均长、均宽、凹坑百分比和L_h/L_v比值,按照性别和年龄分组进行人群内的数据对比分析。研究结果表明,该人群中年龄较大的个体摄入更高比例的植物类食物;两性的食物结构不存在显著性差异,男性摄入植物类食物比例略高,女性的食物结构在不同的年龄阶段有所差异。将胜金店墓地人群与不同生计方式人群的L_h/L_v比值进行人群间的差异性分析,并结合胜金店墓地的随葬品特点推测,胜金店墓地人群的食物结构以肉类食物为主,其生计模式以游牧业为主,兼营种植类经济。

关键词: 胜金店墓地, 牙齿微磨耗, 电子显微镜, 食性分析

Abstract:

In this study, based on the human teeth yielded from Shengjindian cemetery, the buccal surfaces of 13 molars were observed under different magnifications with hyper-filed 3D electron microscope. The statistics and comparative analysis on the scratches and pits of the molar buccal surfaces in terms of the gender and age suggested that the older individuals and male ingested a higher proportion of plant food and female tend to ingested less meat with age increasing. In addition, there was no significant difference in dietary composition between male and female. It could be inferred from the comparative analysis of L_h/L_v among the different populations(Shengjindian people, modern humans and other Chinese ancient populations) and the characteristics of the funerary objects that the main subsistence pattern of the population of Shengjindian was nomadic herding and the animal products was the dominant food in their daily dietary. Meanwhile, there also existed some proportion of agriculture.

Key words: Shengjindian Cemetery, Dental Microwear, Electron Microscope, Dietary Studies

中图分类号:

Q987

杨诗雨, 张群, 王龙, 张全超. 新疆吐鲁番胜金店墓地人骨的牙齿微磨耗[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(02): 218-225.

YANG Shiyu, ZHANG Qun, WANG Long, ZHANG Quanchao. Dental microwear analysis of human teeth in Shengjindian cemetery, Turpan, Xinjiang[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2022, 41(02): 218-225.

图/表 7

参考文献 19

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墓号 Tomb number	性别Sex	年龄 Age	齿例 Teeth sample
M2A	女	35±	LM₁
M2B	男	40-45	RM²
M4C	女	25±	RM₁
M14C	不详	14-16	RM₁
M14E	男	30-35	LM₁
M15C	男	25±	RM²
M15D	女	20±	LM₂
M16D	女	50-60	RM₂
M16E	女	20-23	RM₂
M19A	女	20-25	LM₁
M25D	女	40-45	LM₂
M26C	男	30±	RM₂
M26D	男	35-40	RM₂

墓号 Tomb number	性别Sex	年龄 Age	齿例 Teeth sample
M2A	女	35±	LM₁
M2B	男	40-45	RM²
M4C	女	25±	RM₁
M14C	不详	14-16	RM₁
M14E	男	30-35	LM₁
M15C	男	25±	RM²
M15D	女	20±	LM₂
M16D	女	50-60	RM₂
M16E	女	20-23	RM₂
M19A	女	20-25	LM₁
M25D	女	40-45	LM₂
M26C	男	30±	RM₂
M26D	男	35-40	RM₂

	未成年Juvenile	青年Youth	壮年 Young adult			中年 Middle adult			总计 Total
	未成年Juvenile	女 ♀	男♂	女 ♀	合计 Total	男♂	女 ♀	合计 Total	总计 Total
微磨耗总数 Microwears (n)	76	236	135	74	209	98	68	166	687
凹坑平均数 Pits (n_m)	56	40	29.67	20	25.8	38	20.5	29.25	32.46
条痕平均数 Striations (n_m)	20	38.67	15.33	34	16	11	13.5	12.25	20.38
凹坑均长 Pits L_{m, pit (}μm₎	7.69	6.42	4.49	4.96	4.56	4.03	4.32	4.13	5.21
条痕均长 Striations L_{m, str (}μm₎	45.36	66.18	69.96	66.22	69.40	112.88	122.91	118.31	82.15
条痕均宽 Striations b_{m, str (}μm₎	2.79	2.63	2.45	3.83	2.94	3.64	2.32	2.90	2.97
凹坑百分比 Pits percent ₍%)	73.69%	50.85%	63.34%	54.05%	61.72%	77.55%	60.3%	70.48%	61.68%

	未成年Juvenile	青年Youth	壮年 Young adult			中年 Middle adult			总计 Total
	未成年Juvenile	女 ♀	男♂	女 ♀	合计 Total	男♂	女 ♀	合计 Total	总计 Total
微磨耗总数 Microwears (n)	76	236	135	74	209	98	68	166	687
凹坑平均数 Pits (n_m)	56	40	29.67	20	25.8	38	20.5	29.25	32.46
条痕平均数 Striations (n_m)	20	38.67	15.33	34	16	11	13.5	12.25	20.38
凹坑均长 Pits L_{m, pit (}μm₎	7.69	6.42	4.49	4.96	4.56	4.03	4.32	4.13	5.21
条痕均长 Striations L_{m, str (}μm₎	45.36	66.18	69.96	66.22	69.40	112.88	122.91	118.31	82.15
条痕均宽 Striations b_{m, str (}μm₎	2.79	2.63	2.45	3.83	2.94	3.64	2.32	2.90	2.97
凹坑百分比 Pits percent ₍%)	73.69%	50.85%	63.34%	54.05%	61.72%	77.55%	60.3%	70.48%	61.68%

	未成年Juvenile	青年 Youth	壮年 Young adult			中年 Middle adult			总计 Total
	未成年Juvenile	女 Fem	男 Male	女 Fem	合计 Total	男 Male	女 Fem	合计Total	男 Male	女 Fem	总人数 Total
平均L_{m, h (}μm₎	249.50	239.18	228.33	322.67	266.04	257.72	210.26	233.99	240.08	254.77	248.06
平均L_{m, v (}μm₎	330.50	370.60	323.62	480.85	386.51	363.85	285.48	324.66	339.71	377.78	362.09
L_{m, h}/L_{m, v (}%)	75.49%	64.11%	72.28%	67.12%	70.21%	71.25%	71.43%	71.34%	71.86%	67.06%	69.56%