人类学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (04): 749-763.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2022.0026
收稿日期:
2022-03-24
修回日期:
2022-05-30
出版日期:
2022-08-12
发布日期:
2022-08-10
通讯作者:
董广辉
作者简介:
芦永秀,硕士研究生,主要从事动物考古方向研究。E-mail: 基金资助:
Received:
2022-03-24
Revised:
2022-05-30
Online:
2022-08-12
Published:
2022-08-10
Contact:
DONG Guanghui
摘要:
中国西北地区史前人类活动与生存环境变化的关系是学术界关注的热点科学问题。本文通过总结分析西北地区新石器至青铜时代遗址14C测年、动植物遗存以及人骨碳同位素数据,梳理了不同降水量区域人与环境相互作用的时空特征和变化过程,以及可能的影响因素。研究结果表明,10000-6000 BP,人类活动强度较弱且多分布在降水量大于400 mm的区域,人类活动与气候的关系尚不清楚;6000-4000 BP,粟黍农业的强化促进了人类活动空间向西扩散,显著的气候事件导致人类活动强度下降,人类活动对自然环境的影响开始显现;4000-2200 BP,史前跨大陆文化交流带来的农牧业元素促使不同降水量区域生存资料多样化,人类适应和影响环境的能力进一步加强,但该时期人类活动强度存在时空差异性,对环境的影响仅在区域尺度上呈现。
中图分类号:
芦永秀, 董广辉. 西北不同降水区域新石器至青铜时代人类活动与环境变化的关系[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(04): 749-763.
LU Yongxiu, DONG Guanghui. Relationship between the human activity and environment changes during the Neolithic and Bronze Age in different precipitation areas of Northwestern China[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2022, 41(04): 749-763.
图1 西北地区新石器-青铜时代开展测年和生业模式研究的遗址点分布
Fig.1 Distribution of sites with radiocarbon dates and subsistence strategy research in northwestern China during the Neolithic and Bronze periods
图3 西北地区10000-2200 BP人类活动强度与气候变化 a.北半球中高纬度(30°-90°N)温度集成记录[43]和青藏高原红原泥炭沼泽植物δ13C记录[44]The temperature record in middle and high latitudes (30°-90°N) of Northern Hemisphere [43] and the δ13C record of plants from Hongyuan peat bog from the Tibet Plateau[44];b.德令哈树轮δ18O定量降水曲线[45]和九仙洞石笋δ18O记录[46]Reconstructed precipitation based on δ18O of tree ring in DLH[45] and the δ18O record of stalagmites from the Jiuxian Cave[46];c、d、e.西北地区降水量200-0 mm、400-200 mm和大于400 mm区域测年遗址数量The number of the dated sites with precipitation of 200-0 mm、400-200 mm and more than 400 mm in Northwestern China;f.西北地区人骨碳稳定碳同位素值The results of the stable carbon isotopic value from human bones in Northwestern China
Fig.3 The intensity of human activity and climate change in northwestern China from 10000-2200 BP
图4 西北地区不同降水量区域新石器-青铜时代遗址出土的作物数量与动物可鉴定标本数
Fig.4 The number of the different crop remains and the identified specimen of animal remains unearthed from sites in different precipitation areas in northwestern China
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