人类学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (05): 899-912.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0081

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

从文坎沟东地点的植物遗存分析南阳盆地先秦时期的农业活动

夏秀敏1,2(), 王力之1, 陶大卫3, 杜伟4, 靳松安3, 张建3,5, 吴妍6,7()   

  1. 1.中国国家博物馆,北京 100006
    2.中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京 100101
    3.郑州大学历史学院,郑州 450001
    4.郑州市大河村考古遗址公园,郑州 450045
    5.郑州大学文学院,郑州 450001
    6.中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京 100044
    7.中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京 100044
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-23 修回日期:2021-08-06 出版日期:2022-10-15 发布日期:2022-10-13
  • 通讯作者: 吴妍
  • 作者简介:夏秀敏,博士后,主要从事植物考古学研究。Email: zhengdaxiaxiumin@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2020M680635);国家自然科学基金(41877427);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB26000000);中国科学院青年创新促进会(2018099);郑州大学“中华文明根系研究”(XKZDJC202006)

An analysis of agricultural activities in Nanyang Basin during the Pre-Qin period from the plant remains in the Wenkangoudong locality

XIA Xiumin1,2(), WANG Lizhi1, TAO Dawei3, DU Wei4, JIN Songan3, ZHANG Jian3,5, WU Yan6,7()   

  1. 1. National Museum of China, Beijing 100006
    2. Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100101
    3. School of History, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001
    4. Archaeological Site Park of Dahecun, Zhengzhou 450045
    5. School of Chinese Language and Literature, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001
    6. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044
    7. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044
  • Received:2020-11-23 Revised:2021-08-06 Online:2022-10-15 Published:2022-10-13
  • Contact: WU Yan

摘要:

南阳盆地,作为地理过渡地带和文化交汇区,其考古学文化面貌呈现出南北交融的典型特征。文坎沟东地点是南阳盆地淅川县龙山时代晚期和西周时期的重要遗存,本文综合运用大植物和植硅体分析的方法,结合已有的植物考古证据和最新的测年结果,全面探讨了文坎先民先秦时期的种植模式和特点。研究结果显示,龙山时代晚期,文坎先民是以粟、黍为主的旱作农业为生,兼种少量水稻和小麦,小麦和水稻在先民生活中的作用比较微弱;西周时期,延续了旱作农业为主的生产模式,种植规模略有扩大,未见炭化水稻的踪迹,但植硅体分析显示仍有水稻种植的现象;受中原宗周势力的影响和版图扩张的需求,小麦逐渐开始在先民生活中占据一席之地。文坎沟东地点植物遗存的发现与研究,为揭示豫西南先秦时期的文化面貌和与中原地区的文化交流提供了新的材料。

关键词: 南阳盆地, 文坎沟东地点, 农业活动, 粟黍, 小麦

Abstract:

Nanyang basin is a geographical transition zone and cultural intersection area and its archaeological sites show some typical characteristics of the cultrue integration of South and North China. The Wenkangoudong locality of Western Zhou dynasty is an important site of the late Longshan Culture period in Nanyang basin. We attempt to discuss the planting patterns and characteristics of agricultural production comprehensively by analysising the macroremains and phytolith combining with the previous botanical evidence and dating results. The results show that the people of Wenkangoudong locality lived on dry farming by planting millets, accompanied by small amounts of rice and wheat during the late Longshan period. However, the latter crops played a relatively weak role in the lives of the ancient people. During the Western Zhou period, the dry-farming production mode was continued, and the planting scale was slightly expanded. No carbonized rice was discovered, but the analysis of phytolith reveals that rice still had been planted. Due to the political influence of Zhou dynasty and the demand of territory expansion, wheat gradually occupied a position in the daily lives of the ancient people. In general, the excavation and archaeobotanical research of Wenkangoudong locality could provide new materials for revealing the cultural features of the pre-Qin period sites in the southwestern Henan Province and their cultural exchange with the central plain sites.

Key words: Nanyang Basin, Wenkangoudong locality, Agricultural activity, Millets, Wheat

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