人类学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (01): 87-97.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2022.0045cstr: 32091.14.j.1000-3193/AAS.2022.0045
收稿日期:
2021-07-09
修回日期:
2021-12-23
出版日期:
2023-02-15
发布日期:
2023-02-20
通讯作者:
陈博,副教授,主要从事考古学方面的研究。E-mail: 作者简介:
周亚威,教授,主要从事体质人类学研究。E-mail: 基金资助:
ZHOU Yawei(), WANG Hui, DING Sicong, CHEN Bo()
Received:
2021-07-09
Revised:
2021-12-23
Online:
2023-02-15
Published:
2023-02-20
摘要:
本文对东周时期一例肱骨发育不全的个体M45进行古病理学研究。经鉴定,M45为年龄在30岁左右的女性,其右侧肱骨短于左侧,肱骨头解剖颈上移且正面向上,小结节向前下方位移;三角肌粗隆处、解剖颈下方有骨质缺损现象;右侧骨髓腔相较于左侧略宽,右侧三角肌粗隆处骨松质较左侧明显,呈蜂窝状。通过肉眼观察、X射线影像和病理筛选等方法对其进行诊断,推测M45个体可能是分娩创伤导致肱骨近端生长点受损,或在儿童期生长板遭受创伤导致肱骨生长发育停滞。
中图分类号:
周亚威, 王惠, 丁思聪, 陈博. 东周一例人体肱骨发育不对称的病理分析[J]. 人类学学报, 2023, 42(01): 87-97.
ZHOU Yawei, WANG Hui, DING Sicong, CHEN Bo. Pathological analysis of a case of human humeral asymmetry in Eastern Zhou Dynasty[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2023, 42(01): 87-97.
图2 M45两侧肱骨头主要变异部位及X光片对比 a.小结节位置对比contrast nodules location;b.冈上肌、冈下肌位置变化The position change of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus;c.X光骨密质比对X-ray bone density contrast;d.肱骨头位置 humerus head position. 白色箭头所指为三角肌粗隆处The white arrow refers to the trochanter of deltoid muscle
Fig.2 Comparison of main variation parts and X-ray films of humeral head on both sides of M45
骨骼Bone | 项目Item | 左侧L | 右侧R |
---|---|---|---|
肱骨Humerus | 最大长Lmax | 284 | 216 |
全长L | 275.7 | 214 | |
中部最大径dmax | 18.88 | 17.95 | |
中部矢状径dmid | 18.18 | 18.44 | |
中部最小径dmin | 16.11 | 14.32 | |
中部横径dmid | 14.89 | 16.93 | |
最小周长Cmin | 55 | 55.7 | |
中部周长Cmid | 58 | 56 | |
上端宽btop | 41.52 | 42.36 | |
下端宽bbot | 50.36 | 53.14 | |
滑车宽b | 16.33 | 16.65 | |
滑车和小头宽b | 35.05 | 35.73 | |
滑车矢径d | 22.26 | 23.77 | |
头周长c | 11.2 | 11.2 | |
头横径d | 35.58 | 34.84 | |
头纵径d | 35.19 | 34.27 | |
横断面指数I | 0.856* | 0.794* | |
粗壮指数I | 0.187* | 0.257* | |
鹰嘴窝深d | 1.1 | 1.2 | |
鹰嘴窝宽b | 22.95 | 25.18 | |
关节盂长L | 32.59 | 30.55 | |
关节盂宽b | 22.77 | 25.10 | |
尺骨Ulna | 最大长Lmax | 234 | 237 |
生理长L | 201 | 203 | |
体最小周长Cmin | 37 | 37 | |
体横径d | 10.68 | 10.48 | |
体矢径d | 17.76 | 17.6 | |
上部横径dtop | 15.66 | 15.67 | |
上部矢径dtop | 17.76 | 17.60 | |
鹰嘴小头长L | 30.83 | 30.87 | |
鹰嘴宽b | 20.91 | 21.44 | |
鹰嘴深d | 18.59 | 2.83 | |
鹰嘴高h | 22.27 | 24.82 | |
鹰嘴冠突间距d | 30.22 | 29.97 | |
尺骨Ulna | 冠关桡前宽bant | 10.48 | 11.20 |
冠关桡后宽bpos | 9.85 | 9.84 | |
桡骨Radius | 最大长Lmax | 213 | 215 |
生理长L | 200 | 200 | |
中部周长Cmid | 39 | 40 | |
体最小周长Cmix | 38 | 38 | |
体横径d | 12.58 | 12.83 | |
体矢径d | 9.79 | 9.76 | |
中部横径dmid | 26.63 | 27.45 | |
中部矢径dmid | 8.71 | 8.83 | |
头横径d | 18.62 | 19.04 | |
头矢径d | 18.94 | 19.17 | |
颈横径d | 12.19 | 11.09 | |
颈矢径d | 12.77 | 11.16 | |
颈周长c | 48 | 48 | |
头周长c | 61 | 62 | |
下端宽bbot | 26.96 | 26.76 |
表1 M45两侧肱骨、尺骨和桡骨测量数据
Tab.1 Measured data of humerus, ulna and radius on both sides of M45
骨骼Bone | 项目Item | 左侧L | 右侧R |
---|---|---|---|
肱骨Humerus | 最大长Lmax | 284 | 216 |
全长L | 275.7 | 214 | |
中部最大径dmax | 18.88 | 17.95 | |
中部矢状径dmid | 18.18 | 18.44 | |
中部最小径dmin | 16.11 | 14.32 | |
中部横径dmid | 14.89 | 16.93 | |
最小周长Cmin | 55 | 55.7 | |
中部周长Cmid | 58 | 56 | |
上端宽btop | 41.52 | 42.36 | |
下端宽bbot | 50.36 | 53.14 | |
滑车宽b | 16.33 | 16.65 | |
滑车和小头宽b | 35.05 | 35.73 | |
滑车矢径d | 22.26 | 23.77 | |
头周长c | 11.2 | 11.2 | |
头横径d | 35.58 | 34.84 | |
头纵径d | 35.19 | 34.27 | |
横断面指数I | 0.856* | 0.794* | |
粗壮指数I | 0.187* | 0.257* | |
鹰嘴窝深d | 1.1 | 1.2 | |
鹰嘴窝宽b | 22.95 | 25.18 | |
关节盂长L | 32.59 | 30.55 | |
关节盂宽b | 22.77 | 25.10 | |
尺骨Ulna | 最大长Lmax | 234 | 237 |
生理长L | 201 | 203 | |
体最小周长Cmin | 37 | 37 | |
体横径d | 10.68 | 10.48 | |
体矢径d | 17.76 | 17.6 | |
上部横径dtop | 15.66 | 15.67 | |
上部矢径dtop | 17.76 | 17.60 | |
鹰嘴小头长L | 30.83 | 30.87 | |
鹰嘴宽b | 20.91 | 21.44 | |
鹰嘴深d | 18.59 | 2.83 | |
鹰嘴高h | 22.27 | 24.82 | |
鹰嘴冠突间距d | 30.22 | 29.97 | |
尺骨Ulna | 冠关桡前宽bant | 10.48 | 11.20 |
冠关桡后宽bpos | 9.85 | 9.84 | |
桡骨Radius | 最大长Lmax | 213 | 215 |
生理长L | 200 | 200 | |
中部周长Cmid | 39 | 40 | |
体最小周长Cmix | 38 | 38 | |
体横径d | 12.58 | 12.83 | |
体矢径d | 9.79 | 9.76 | |
中部横径dmid | 26.63 | 27.45 | |
中部矢径dmid | 8.71 | 8.83 | |
头横径d | 18.62 | 19.04 | |
头矢径d | 18.94 | 19.17 | |
颈横径d | 12.19 | 11.09 | |
颈矢径d | 12.77 | 11.16 | |
颈周长c | 48 | 48 | |
头周长c | 61 | 62 | |
下端宽bbot | 26.96 | 26.76 |
图4 M45右侧肱骨正面、侧面观及与左侧肱骨对比 A.右侧肱骨正面观anterior images of the right humerus;B.左侧肱骨正面观anterior images of the left humerus;a.右侧肱骨侧面观lateral images of the right humerus;A2, B2, a2. X光片X-ray film
Fig.4 Anterior and lateral images of the right humerus of the M45 comparing with the left humerus
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