广西敢造遗址史前居民口腔的健康状况

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2022.0053

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

广西扶绥敢造遗址是华南新石器时代一处典型的河岸贝丘遗址，其人骨测年结果的上限为8488 BC，下限为6492 BC。本文对敢造遗址2014年出土的108例个体的999枚恒齿进行观察统计，结果显示居民的饮食结构应是以肉食为主并辅以富含淀粉的块茎类植物。该遗址居民的龋齿率高于部分农业人群，但远低于同为华南渔猎—采集经济的鲤鱼墩、甑皮岩和顶蛳山遗址，其原因应与食用块茎类植物的多寡有关。较高的牙结石罹患率(89.86%)可能与鱼类、贝类等高蛋白饮食有关。相比农业、游牧或狩猎人群，该遗址居民偏重的牙齿磨耗可能与食用含沙量较大的螺类、贝类等有关；肉类食物的食用导致该遗址居民上颌前部牙齿磨耗重于后部牙齿，而“上颌前部牙齿舌侧过度磨耗”现象的出现则与食用块茎类植物有关。

关键词: 敢造, 龋病, 牙齿, 结石, 磨耗

Abstract:

The Ganzao site, located in Fusui of Guangxi Province, is an important Neolithic shell midden along in the Zuojiang River. A wealth of remains and relics including tombs were found here. A total of 999 permanent teeth belonging to 108 individuals were unearthed in 2014 that were used to assess the oral health status of the site residents in this paper. The results of the statistical analysis shows that: 1) Individual caries rate was 31.88%, with caries rate of teeth at 4.70%. There were 5.28% of caries in the 360 pieces of maxillary teeth, and 4.38% caries in the 639 mandibular teeth. Molars were most susceptible to caries, then premolars. With increasing age, incidence and degree of caries increased. There were no significant differences in the incidence of caries between males and females. Caries rate of the Ganzao site inhabitants was close to that of agricultural populations, but lower than that of people from the Liyudun, Zengpiyan, and Dingsishan sites. All four sites utilize a fishing-gathering economy. In this paper, it is suggested that the higher caries rate of Zengpiyan and Dingsishan site inhabitants may be related to consumption of tubers, and complications from the small sample size of the Liyudun and Zengpiyan sites. 2) The incidence of dental calculus is very high, with an individual incidence rate of 89.86%, which increases with age. Incidence of calculus in lower teeth is higher than in upper. Incidence of buccal to lingual side is roughly comparable. 3) The average wear grade of teeth is 5.07, and the degree of tooth wear gradually deepens with age. Average wear level of teeth in females (considering different teeth positions) is higher than that of males, which may be due to the fact that in this sample females are generally older. Compared to residents with different economies, tooth wear of the Ganzao site inhabitants were more severe, possibly related to the consumption of snails and shellfish with their high sand content.

Key words: Biological anthropology, Dentition, Caries, Tooth Wear

中图分类号:

Q983+.8

陈晓颖, 游海杰, 宋美玲, 郭明晓, 肖雨妮, 曾雯. 广西敢造遗址史前居民口腔的健康状况[J]. 人类学学报, 2023, 42(01): 98-109.

CHEN Xiaoying, YOU Haijie, SONG Meiling, GUO Mingxiao, XIAO Yuni, ZENG Wen. Oral health of prehistoric inhabitants from the Ganzao site, Guangxi[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2023, 42(01): 98-109.

图/表 11

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年龄组Age group (a)	男性Male		女性Female		性别不详 Unrevealed		合计Total		牙齿数teeth numbers(n)
年龄组Age group (a)	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
青年Youth(15-23)	0	0	1	1.45%	1	1.45%	2	2.90%	38	3.80%
壮年Adult(24-35)	10	14.49%	3	4.35%	0	0	13	18.84%	202	20.22%
中年Middle-age(36-55)	13	18.84%	20	28.99%	2	2.89%	35	50.72%	507	50.75%
老年Older(≥56)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
无法鉴定Unrevealed	6	8.70%	10	14.49%	3	4.35%	19	27.54%	252	25.23%
合计Total	29	42.03%	34	49.28%	6	8.69%	69	100%	999	100%
牙齿数teeth numbers(n)	377	37.74%	537	53.75%	85	8.51%	999	100%	—	—

年龄组Age group (a)	男性Male		女性Female		性别不详 Unrevealed		合计Total		牙齿数teeth numbers(n)
年龄组Age group (a)	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
青年Youth(15-23)	0	0	1	1.45%	1	1.45%	2	2.90%	38	3.80%
壮年Adult(24-35)	10	14.49%	3	4.35%	0	0	13	18.84%	202	20.22%
中年Middle-age(36-55)	13	18.84%	20	28.99%	2	2.89%	35	50.72%	507	50.75%
老年Older(≥56)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
无法鉴定Unrevealed	6	8.70%	10	14.49%	3	4.35%	19	27.54%	252	25.23%
合计Total	29	42.03%	34	49.28%	6	8.69%	69	100%	999	100%
牙齿数teeth numbers(n)	377	37.74%	537	53.75%	85	8.51%	999	100%	—	—

齿位 Position	青年Young Adult(15-23 a)		壮年Adult (24-35 a)		中年Middle age(36-55 a)
齿位 Position	牙数 n	平均磨耗Mean wear	牙数 n	平均磨耗Mean wear	牙数 n	平均磨耗Mean wear
I1	2	2	12	4.83	43	6.23
I2	2	1.5	14	5.36	50	6.12
C	5	2.2	25	4.48	70	5.94
P1	6	1.33	32	4.13	67	5.90
P2	7	1.57	30	3.8	62	5.63
M1	7	2.57	32	4.91	67	6.58
M2	7	1.71	36	3.75	71	5.90
M3	1	1	22	3.32	56	4.66
合计Total	37	1.84	203	4.22	486	5.87

齿位 Position	青年Young Adult(15-23 a)		壮年Adult (24-35 a)		中年Middle age(36-55 a)
齿位 Position	牙数 n	平均磨耗Mean wear	牙数 n	平均磨耗Mean wear	牙数 n	平均磨耗Mean wear
I1	2	2	12	4.83	43	6.23
I2	2	1.5	14	5.36	50	6.12
C	5	2.2	25	4.48	70	5.94
P1	6	1.33	32	4.13	67	5.90
P2	7	1.57	30	3.8	62	5.63
M1	7	2.57	32	4.91	67	6.58
M2	7	1.71	36	3.75	71	5.90
M3	1	1	22	3.32	56	4.66
合计Total	37	1.84	203	4.22	486	5.87

齿位Position	男性Male		女性Female
齿位Position	牙数n	平均磨耗Mean wear	牙数n	平均磨耗Mean wear
I1	33	5	38	6.16
I2	33	5.03	51	6.02
C	49	4.80	72	5.71
P1	54	4.74	73	5.41
P2	51	4.49	78	5.15
M1	51	5.43	79	5.91
M2	60	4.65	84	5.06
M3	43	3.77	58	4.07
合计Total	374	4.73	533	5.40