新疆且末扎滚鲁克墓地二期居民的牙齿磨耗

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2024.0013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文对新疆且末扎滚鲁克墓地二期出土208例头骨上的1849枚牙齿进行了观察与研究。将所有个体按照年龄和性别分组，通过计算每个个体上颌或下颌骨上各牙齿相对第1臼齿的磨耗指数，分析各组之间相对磨耗指数的分布差异。经过与国内外不同人群的对比，对扎滚鲁克居民的牙齿磨耗模式特点以及可能存在的牙齿使用方式、行为特征等内容进行了初步探讨。结果显示，该人群的牙齿磨耗随着年龄增长显著增加，不同年龄组人群之间前后牙齿磨耗情况有很大的差异，牙齿磨耗在性别间差异并不显著。下颌个体出现了较为普遍的前牙磨耗比后牙偏严重的现象，这种现象主要集中在中年组下颌上。这种不寻常的下颌前牙磨耗较后牙偏重现象可能受到牙齿的工具性使用，牙齿萌出顺序以及年龄三方面因素共同作用的影响；中年个体下颌前牙磨耗的偏重现象可能反映了人群的行为特征。

关键词: 新疆, 墓地人群, 牙齿磨耗

Abstract:

In this paper, the tooth wear of ancient inhabitants in the second phase of Zaghunluq Cemetery in Xinjiang Autonomous Region was observed and studied. The purpose of this study was to reveal the special tooth wear pattern and possible ways of teeth use in the Zaghunluq ancient population. The sample analyzed in this study consisted of the skeletal remains of 208 adult individuals with a total of 1849 permanent teeth.

Through observing these tooth wear in this study, we found that all 208 individuals were affected by attrition with various degrees of dental wear, with a relatively obvious phenomenon of heavier wear of the anterior teeth than the posterior teeth in some specimens. To further reveal the wear differences between the anterior and posterior teeth in each sample, we calculated the indices of teeth wear relative to M1 of each individual and divided the calculation results into 2 sets by age (the youth, the middle-aged, the aged) and sex (the male, the female) to compare the distribution difference of the indices among different age and sex groups in Zaghunluq ancient population. At the same time, several ancient populations from different archaeological sites (Roonka, Yingpan, Nileke, Yanghai, Shuiquan, Xiawanggang, Youyao) were selected for tooth wear comparative analysis of the indices. The results indicated that the degree of tooth wear of the Zaghunluq ancient population increased significantly with the increase of age, and there was a great difference in anterior and posterior tooth wear among different age groups. The anterior tooth wear of Zaghunluq middle-aged individuals was more severe than those of Zaghunluq young and aged individuals. However, the difference between the sex groups was not significant. In addition, by comparing with other different ancient populations, we further confirmed that the anterior teeth were much more worn than the posterior ones among Zaghunluq population, which mainly occurred on middle-aged mandibular individuals.

Given the close relationship of the wear differences between the anterior and posterior teeth with some special use of teeth, the anterior teeth wear observed on middle-aged mandibular individuals was not only affected by age and tooth eruption, but also related to the use of teeth as the non-masticatory tools of individuals. The teeth were used as tools to engage in their some daily labor activities. Consequently, it can be inferred that the anterior teeth wear is more severe than posterior teeth wear among middle-aged mandibular individuals in Zaghunluq ancient population, which may be influenced by three major factors, namely the instrumental use of tooth, tooth eruption sequence and age.

Key words: Xinjiang, Cemetery people, Tooth wear

中图分类号:

Q983

陈峰, 曾雨欣, 付昶, 张海龙, 王博, 肖小勇, 李海军. 新疆且末扎滚鲁克墓地二期居民的牙齿磨耗[J]. 人类学学报, 2024, 43(02): 273-286.

CHEN Feng, ZENG Yuxin, FU Chang, ZHANG Hailong, WANG Bo, XIAO Xiaoyong, LI Haijun. Tooth wear among the second phase residents of the Zaghunluq Cemetery in Qiemo County, Xinjiang[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(02): 273-286.

图/表 11

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组别Group	年龄Age			总计Total	性别Gendor
组别Group	青年Youth	中年Middle	老年Old	总计Total	男Male	女Female
上颌Maxilla	85	42	29	156	72	84
下颌Mandible	32	12	8	52	30	22
总计Total	117	54	37	208	102	106

组别Group	年龄Age			总计Total	性别Gendor
组别Group	青年Youth	中年Middle	老年Old	总计Total	男Male	女Female
上颌Maxilla	85	42	29	156	72	84
下颌Mandible	32	12	8	52	30	22
总计Total	117	54	37	208	102	106

	I1	i1	I2	i2	C	c	P3	p3	P4	p4	M1	m1	M2	m2	M3	m3
男Male	5.15	5.65	5.03	5.47	5.17	5.24	4.98	4.81	4.91	4.43	5.58	5.64	4.12	4.69	2.89	4.10***
女Female	4.16	5.13	4.08	4.71	4.63	4.59	4.88	4.5	4.43	4.4	5.13	5.18	3.7	4.43	2.42	3.00***
总计Total	4.59	5.39	4.51	5.05	4.87	4.91	4.93	4.64	4.66	4.41	5.34	5.38	3.91	4.54	2.62	3.56

	I1	i1	I2	i2	C	c	P3	p3	P4	p4	M1	m1	M2	m2	M3	m3
男Male	5.15	5.65	5.03	5.47	5.17	5.24	4.98	4.81	4.91	4.43	5.58	5.64	4.12	4.69	2.89	4.10***
女Female	4.16	5.13	4.08	4.71	4.63	4.59	4.88	4.5	4.43	4.4	5.13	5.18	3.7	4.43	2.42	3.00***
总计Total	4.59	5.39	4.51	5.05	4.87	4.91	4.93	4.64	4.66	4.41	5.34	5.38	3.91	4.54	2.62	3.56

Tooth	I1	I2	C	P3	P4	M1	M2	M3	i1	i2	c	p3	p4	m1	m2	m3
R	0.658	0.774	0.736	0.682	0.683	0.631	0.571	0.55	0.49	0.531	0.61	0.56	0.624	0.666	0.685	0.512
p	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.004	0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.001