中国学生体质发育的生长加速及与日本学生的比较

人类学学报 ›› 2000, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (04): 284-297.

中国学生体质发育的生长加速及与日本学生的比较

陈德珍

出版日期:2000-12-15 发布日期:2000-12-15

Acceleration of growth on physical development of Chinese students and comparison with Japanese students

Chen Dezhen

Online:2000-12-15 Published:2000-12-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在 1 98 5年和 1 995年国家教委、国家体委、卫生部、国家民委、国家科委共同领导和组织的全国性的学生体质健康调查基础上 ,及本世纪 30年代起个别省城 (北京市、天津市、上海市、丹阳市 (县 )、南京市、辽宁省、黑龙江省及山东省 )学生的体质调查资料基础上 ,作者经数理统计 ,并就我国学生的体质发育状况和生长加速问题对汉族学生和少数民族学生分别加以分析讨论 ,从而了解了我国学生体质发育的现状 ;经与近邻的日本国的学生的体质发育和生长加速状况比较后也找到了差距。
我国学生的体质发育水平目前虽有些不足 ,但我国学生的体质发育指标的生长增长值比日本国学生在身高指标上 ,男学生大2.10cm,女学生大1.65cm;在体重指标上 ,男学生大2.22kg,女学生大1.54kg,身高和体重指标相对日本国而言都仍呈较大的增长趋势 ,存在发展潜力 ,我国学生的体质定将有提高的可能。但胸围指标与身高和体重指标相比 ,除城市男女学生增长值还较大外 ,乡村学生的增长值却为偏低 ,这将影响我国学生的身体素质 ,影响整体生长发育水平的提高。这些将为我国有关部门制定方针政策和实施措施提供可靠的科学依据。我国的经济正在迅速发展 ,对我国学生的营养已采取了积极的措施加以改善和提高 ,并加强了学生的体育锻炼,中小学学生的学业负担也正在减轻,因此,对我国学生体质发育的促进的效果是可能达到的。

关键词: 体质发育;生长加速;身高;体重;胸围

Abstract: Based on the survey of physical development of students in 1985 and 1995 in China, initiated by state Education commission, State physical culture commission, Ministry of public health , State nationalities affairs commission and State science commission, based on the survey of physical development of students after the 30 's of the 20th century in several provinces and cities, the author conducted further statistics and obtained the results of acceleration of growth both in Chinese Han nationality students and Chinese minorities students, separately.
Through analyses of the results, the current condition of physical development both of them is mastered. Meanwhile the comparison between Chinese students and Japanese students also was dealt with. Firstly the stature and weight in 1995 were compared, and then the acceleration of growth was compared. The differences of physical development between Chinese students and Japanese students were revealed.
At present, the level of physical development of Chinese students is not very strong , but the values of acceleration of growth of Chinese students are larger than that of Japanese students. The value of acceleration of growth in stature is 2. 10cm ( male students) and 1. 65cm ( female students) larger than that of Japanese students. The value of acceleration of growth in weight is 2. 22kg ( male students) and 1. 54kg ( female students) larger than that o f Japanese students. The stature and weight present a larger secular increase trend, a kind of latent development. So there is a possibility of enhancement in physical development of Chinese students. Not quite the same with stature and weight, in China the value of acceleration of growth in chest girth in countryside students is rather lower than in the city students. It will make a notable impact on the physical quality and will retard the overall physical development of growth.
This situation w ill provide a reliable scientific foundation for making the policy and measurements. The economics in China now is being developed quickly. Some good actions have been made to improve the nutrition of students and to enhance the physical exercises. Therefore, the effects of promotion on physical development of Chinese students definitely will be confirmed in the future.

Key words: Physical development, Acceleration of growth , Stature, Weight, Chestgirth

陈德珍. 中国学生体质发育的生长加速及与日本学生的比较[J]. 人类学学报, 2000, 19(04): 284-297.

Chen Dezhen. Acceleration of growth on physical development of Chinese students and comparison with Japanese students[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2000, 19(04): 284-297.