Abstract: Population genetic studies oh Ewenki nationality (consisted of 3 hunting and nomadic populations formerly called "Yakut”，“Tunguse"血d "Suoluner" respectively) in Inner Mongolia, and Oroqen nationality in Northeast China, are performed for consanguineous and mixed marriages (809 cases); anthropometric measurement (655 persons); blood groups of ABO, MN and anti-D of Rh (1515 persons); dermatoglyphics (1047 persons); blood pressure (755 persons); colour blindness (1247 persons); phenylthiocarbamide taste test (1080 persons) and menarche age (428 females).
Great genetic distance has been found among the 3 Ewenki populations, this may attribute to the different origin of these populations, and/or to the effect of genetic drift as well as the difference in enviroment of each isolate. It has also been found that there are many similarities in the genetic characters between the Oroqen hunters and one Ewenki herdsmen population addressed in the past "Suoluner”，this it hints the possible common ties of blood relationship between the 2 populations, which was recorded in the historical data.

Key words: Human population genetics; Ewenki nationality; Oroqen nationality; Rate of consanguineous marriages; Anthropometry; Blood groups; Dermatoglyphics; Blood pre-ssure; Taste threshold for phenylthiocarbamide; Menarche age