印度纳尔玛达地区发现的粗壮智人化石及其与亚洲直立人的连续性

人类学学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (02): 158-191.

印度纳尔玛达地区发现的粗壮智人化石及其与亚洲直立人的连续性

LS Chamyal; A Dambricourt Malassé; DM Maurya; Rachna Raj; N Juyal; S Bhandari; RK Pant; C Gaillard; 崔娅铭

出版日期:2011-06-15 发布日期:2011-06-15

Discovery of a robust fossil Homo sapiens in India (Orsang River Valley, Lower Narmada Basin, Gujarat): possible continuity with Asian Homo erectus

L S Chamyal; A Dambricourt Malassé; DM Maurya; Rachna Raj; N Juyal; S Bhandari; R K Pant; C Gaillard

Online:2011-06-15 Published:2011-06-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 1999年,在印度西部的纳尔玛达(Narmada)河的一条支流——奥尔桑(Orsang)河谷发现了一具孤立的智人头骨, 这对于了解印度人类进化历史和南亚直立人与最古老的亚洲智人(或AMH, 解剖学上现代的人)之间的联系有着重要的意义。化石是在古老的河流沉积物中发现的。对主体沉积和颅内沉积物的红外光释光(IRSL)测年结果显示,其年代为3—5万年。然而,对化石的直接测年(放射性碳加速器质谱测年AMS)结果表明, 其年代最小为4981—5579年前。头骨被归类为圆颅型智人。头骨上最引人注意的特征是颅外有亚洲直立人头后部很发达的角圆枕。头骨最宽处在下部(颞骨)如直立人,这样的情况从来不见于智人。这可能是由于乳突的气窦化而形成的。乳突上脊发育, 从破损的眉间区(20mm)可以看到很宽的额窦。所有这些粗壮的特征都表明Orsang头骨和晚期亚洲直立人之间具有遗传连续性。

关键词: 智人; 直立人; 角圆枕; 头盖骨; 纳尔玛达低盆地; 印度西部

Abstract: The discovery in 1999 of an isolated skull of Homo sapiens in the Orsang River valley, a tributary of the Narmada River in western India, is significant for understanding human evolution in India and the links between South Asian Homo erectus and the oldest Asian Homo sapiens(or AMH, anatomically modern human).The fossil was found in an old fluvial deposit. Infrared stimulated luminescence(IRSL) dating of the host sediments and of those within the endocranium provided an age ranging from 50 to 30 ka. However, direct dating(AMS radiocarbon) of the bone gave a minimum age of 4981-5579 cal BP. The skull is found to refer to a brachycranial Homo sapiens and The most interesting features observed are the exocranial, a well developed torus angularis in the posterior part of the Asian Homo erectus, the greatest width in the lower part of the cranium(temporal) as in Homo erectus, which may be due to pneumatization of the mastoid process. The supramastoid crest is developed and very broad frontal sinuses are visible located in the broken glabellar area(20mm). All together, these robust features suggest a genetic continuity between Orsang skull and the late Asian Homo erectus.

Key words: Homo sapiens; Homo erectus; Torus angularis; Calvarium; Lower Narmada basin; Western India

LS Chamyal; A Dambricourt Malassé; DM Maurya; Rachna Raj; N Juyal; S Bhandari; RK Pant; C Gaillard; 崔娅铭. 印度纳尔玛达地区发现的粗壮智人化石及其与亚洲直立人的连续性[J]. 人类学学报, 2011, 30(02): 158-191.

L S Chamyal; A Dambricourt Malassé; DM Maurya; Rachna Raj; N Juyal; S Bhandari; R K Pant; C Gaillard. Discovery of a robust fossil Homo sapiens in India (Orsang River Valley, Lower Narmada Basin, Gujarat): possible continuity with Asian Homo erectus[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2011, 30(02): 158-191.