中国现代人群下颌骨前部形态及变异

人类学学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (02): 164-175.

中国现代人群下颌骨前部形态及变异

李海军

出版日期:2012-06-15 发布日期:2012-06-15

Variation in the anterior part of Chinese Holocene human mandibles

LI Hai-jun

Online:2012-06-15 Published:2012-06-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文通过对中国全新世330例人类下颌骨前部区域形态的观察、测量和统计分析, 对该区域的形态特征及变异进行了分析。结果显示: 全新世人群(即现代人群)中, 颏下窝深、中央脊、颏三角表现为"显著(及特显)"级别的出现率最高, 男性中下缘隆起表现为" 显著(及特显)"级别的出现率最高。颏下窝深、颏三角、下缘隆起, 这三项观察性状在近代人中表现为显著的比例较高, 中央脊的表现程度在各时代间差异不显著。下颌骨前部似乎有如下演化趋势: 从新石器时代至近代, 颏下窝深度增加、颏三角显著程度增加、下缘隆起的程度也增大。考虑到全新世以来下颌骨在缩小, 下颌骨前部的变化(颏下窝变深, 颏三角、下缘隆起的显著比例增加)可能是下颌骨减小的伴随性和代偿性变化。角度的比较显示: 前部角1在近代中最小, 前部角2在新石器为最大, 上部前角在青铜铁器为最大, 前部角差在近代为最大。

关键词: 全新世; 下颌骨前部; 变异

Abstract: In order to understand the variation of the anterior part of Chinese Holocene human mandibles, this study has focussed on Neolithic (n=156), Bronze-Iron Age (n=92) and modern (n=82) adult mandibles from China. The results indicate that the trigonum mentale and the torus marginalis are stronger in recent mandibles than in Neolithic and Bronze-Iron Age jaws, which means that these two characters became stronger during Holocene. The ∠1 in recent mandible is small, which may be related to a strong trigonum mentale. The ∠2 in the Neolithic sample is larger, which may be related to a weak trigonum mentale. Mandibles decrease in size significantly in Holocene, making the masticatory power less dramatic so that some parts of mandible may need to become stronger to compensate for this loss of masticatory power.

Key words: Holocene; Anterior part of mandible; Variation

李海军. 中国现代人群下颌骨前部形态及变异[J]. 人类学学报, 2012, 31(02): 164-175.

LI Hai-jun. Variation in the anterior part of Chinese Holocene human mandibles[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2012, 31(02): 164-175.