湖北白龙洞遗址骨化石表面的黑色膜壳状物质

人类学学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (04): 364-370.

湖北白龙洞遗址骨化石表面的黑色膜壳状物质

郑利平; 武仙竹; 金普军; 常云平

出版日期:2012-12-15 发布日期:2012-12-15

Discussion of the formation mechanism of a black substance on the surface of fossil bones at the Bailong Cave site in Yunxi County, Hubei Province

ZHENG Li-ping; WU Xian-zhu; JIN Pu-jun; CHANG Yun-ping

Online:2012-12-15 Published:2012-12-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文采用扫描电镜/能谱、X-射线衍射、红外光谱分析等不同检测方法,对湖北郧西县白龙洞红色黏土地层中出土的骨化石表面黑色膜壳状物质进行检测分析。分析结果为骨化石表面黑色膜壳层中含有碳羟磷灰石[Ca10(PO4)3(CO3)3(OH)2]、方解石(CaCO3),以及菱铁矿(FeCO3)、赤铁矿(Fe2O3)、磷铁矿[Fe25(PO4)14(OH)24]等。其中显色物相主要为菱铁矿、赤铁矿与磷铁矿的共生沉积物。菱铁矿、赤铁矿与磷铁矿三者共生, 使骨化石表面膜壳状矿物质层整体颜色呈现为黑色。该层黑色膜壳状矿物质层的形成原因, 与化石周围土壤中的CO32-和Fe有关。该层黑色膜壳状矿物质的存在, 对红色黏土中骨化石长期保存有一定保护作用, 它能阻隔和减轻埋藏环境中酸性腐蚀、地层挤压等自然原因对化石标本造成破坏, 因此也使骨化石能够保存得较为完整。

关键词: 骨化石; 黑色物质; 矿物; 扫描电镜; 红外光谱; X-射线衍射

Abstract: Compositional analysis of materials adhering to fossil bones is a very complex type of research. In this work, a layer of black covered the surface of fossil bones from a red clay stratum at the Bailong Cave Site in Yunxi County, Hubei Province. The result of this research showed that this substance was composed of Ca10(PO4)3(CO3)3(OH)2, CaCO3, FeCO3, Fe2O3 and Fe25(PO4)14(OH)24 by spectral analysis using SEM/EDS, FIR and XRD. The color phases that were associated were minerals of FeCO3, Fe2O3 and Fe25(PO4)14(OH)24. The form of the black substance was related to CO32-and Fe in the adhering soil. It is noted that presence of the black substance stopped the strong corrosion of comparatively complete fossil bones in this high- energy chemical environment.

Key words: Fossil; Bones; Minerals; SEM/EDS; FIR; XRD

郑利平; 武仙竹; 金普军; 常云平. 湖北白龙洞遗址骨化石表面的黑色膜壳状物质[J]. 人类学学报, 2012, 31(04): 364-370.

ZHENG Li-ping; WU Xian-zhu; JIN Pu-jun; CHANG Yun-ping. Discussion of the formation mechanism of a black substance on the surface of fossil bones at the Bailong Cave site in Yunxi County, Hubei Province[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2012, 31(04): 364-370.