三峡地区最晚更新世的梅氏犀兼述中国南方更新世的犀牛化石

人类学学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (04): 381-394.

三峡地区最晚更新世的梅氏犀兼述中国南方更新世的犀牛化石

陈少坤; 黄万波; 裴健; 贺存定; 秦利; 魏光飚; 冷静

出版日期:2012-12-15 发布日期:2012-12-15

The latest Pleistocene Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis from the Three Gorges area and re-evaluation of Pleistocene rhinos in Southern China

CHEN Shao-kun; HUANG Wan-bo; PEI Jian; HE Cun-ding; QIN Li; WEI Guang-biao; LENG Jing

Online:2012-12-15 Published:2012-12-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 重庆市巫山县迷宫洞是一处重要的晚更新世晚期的古人类遗址, 其绝对年代为距今13150±190年。本文研究了这一遗址出土的犀牛化石, 材料包括头骨碎块、下颌、牙齿及数件头后骨骼。这些材料被鉴定为梅氏犀或称基什贝尔格犀(Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis), 是这个种已知时代最晚和分布最为靠南的记录。适合温带气候的S.kirchbergensis在中-晚更新世南下至长江流域, 可能是受到冰期寒冷气候的压迫所致。以迷宫洞和其他长江流域的S.kirchbergensis为基础, 通过对比, 认为我国南方、北方以及欧洲的S.kirchbergensis在颊齿形态上存在明显的区别, 从而将这个种分为三个类型。另外, 本文还对我国南方更新世的犀牛种类, 特别是中国犀(Rhinoceros sinensis), 进行了全面地厘定。

关键词: 三峡地区; 梅氏犀; 中国犀; 更新世; 中国南方

Abstract: Migong Cave in Wushan County, Chongqing, is an important late Late Pleistocene paleoanthropological site, with an absolute age dated to 13150±190 BP. The rhino fossils from this? site,? containing? cranial? fragments,? mandibles,? teeth? and ?some? postcranial ?bones,? are ?identified? as Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis, which is the latest and southernmost record of this species on Earth. S. kirchbergensis, which adapted to a temperate climate, migrated to the Yangtze River Valley during the Mid-Late Pleistocene probably because of the cold climate of the Ice Age. Based on materials of S. kirchbergensis from Migong Cave and other localities in the Yangtze River Valley, obvious distinctions are found among S. kirchbergensis from northern and southern China, and Europe. As a result, this species is divided into three types. Pleistocene rhinos from southern China, especially Rhinoceros sinensis,?are ?also? clarified.?

Key words: Three Gorges area; Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis; Rhinoceros sinensis; Pleistocene; Southern China

陈少坤; 黄万波; 裴健; 贺存定; 秦利; 魏光飚; 冷静. 三峡地区最晚更新世的梅氏犀兼述中国南方更新世的犀牛化石[J]. 人类学学报, 2012, 31(04): 381-394.

CHEN Shao-kun; HUANG Wan-bo; PEI Jian; HE Cun-ding; QIN Li; WEI Guang-biao; LENG Jing. The latest Pleistocene Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis from the Three Gorges area and re-evaluation of Pleistocene rhinos in Southern China[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2012, 31(04): 381-394.