人类学学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (02): 157-165.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2019.0013

• •    下一篇

鄂尔多斯乌兰木伦遗址第2地点2014-2015出土的石制品

雷蕾1,2,4, 刘扬3, 侯亚梅1,4(), 张家富5, 包蕾6, 胡越7, 杨俊刚6   

  1. 1.中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京 100044
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3.中山大学社会学与人类学学院人类学系,广州 510275
    4.中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京 100044
    5.北京大学城市与环境学院地表过程教育部重点实验室,北京100871
    6.鄂尔多斯市文物考古研究院,鄂尔多斯 017200
    7.澳大利亚伍伦贡大学地球与环境科学学院,新南威尔士 2522
  • 收稿日期:2018-09-13 修回日期:2018-11-12 出版日期:2019-05-15 发布日期:2020-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 侯亚梅
  • 作者简介:雷蕾(1986-),女,河北保定人,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所博士研究生,主要从事旧石器时代考古学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类-XDB26000000);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类-XDA05130203);国家自然科学基金项目(41272033);国家自然科学基金项目(41171007);中国科学院古生物化石发掘专项基金;鄂尔多斯市政府专项

A study of stone artifacts from 2014-2015 excavations at the Wulanmulun Locality 2, Ordos, Inner Mongolia

LEI Lei1,2,4, LIU Yang3, HOU Yamei1,4(), ZHANG Jiafu5, BAO Lei6, HU Yue7, YANG Jungang6   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
    3. Anthropolgy Department, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275
    4. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044
    5. MOE Laboratory or Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871
    6. Ordos Antiquity & Archaeology Institution, Ordos 017200
    7. School of Earth and Environment Science, NSW, Australia 2522
  • Received:2018-09-13 Revised:2018-11-12 Online:2019-05-15 Published:2020-09-10
  • Contact: HOU Yamei

摘要:

乌兰木伦遗址位于内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市康巴什新区的乌兰木伦河左岸,该遗址主要包括第1(Loc.1)、第2(Loc.2)和第3(Loc.3)三处旧石器地点。其中,第2地点发现于2010年,并于2011年进行试掘。2014年开始,在试掘基础上将发掘面积扩大至25 m2,并进行系统发掘,截至2015年,第2地点共揭露文化层位5个,出土石制品318件,动物化石8件,并发现大面积动物脚印化石遗迹两处。石制品类型包括石核、石片、断块/片和工具(锯齿刃器、凹缺器、刮削器、尖状器、端刮器、石锥)等。乌兰木伦遗址第2地点发掘材料的详细研究,增加了我们对于遗址环境和文化面貌的认识,为我们探讨中国北方晚更新世阶段古人类技术与适应性行为等提供了重要材料。光释光测年表明第2地点的年代距今约6万年,处于晚更新世中期。

关键词: 乌兰木伦遗址, 鄂尔多斯高原, 石制品, 晚更新世

Abstract:

The Wulanmulun site, located in Kangbashi District, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, North China, consists of three localities, namely Loc.1, Loc.2 and Loc.3. This site is situated on the left bank of the Wulanmulun River and lies at an altitude of 1281m. The Loc.2 was excavated tentatively in 2011 and formally in 2014 and 2015. The excavation exposed an area of 25m2with five cultural layers. A total of 318 stone artifacts and eight animal fossils was uncovered during the 2014 and 2015 field seasons, along with an area of animal footprints unearthed during the excavation. Stone artifacts include cores, flakes, bipolar products, tools(denticulates, notches, points, end-scrapers, awls) and so on. In addition, the cultural layers have yielded optically stimulated luminescence dates ca. 60 ka.
Technologically, the Loc.2 is dominated by flakes (n=223; 71.06%), followed by tools (n=33; 10.38%), chunks (n=27; 8.49%), cores (n=26; 8.18%), and manuports (n=6; 1.89%). Lithic raw materials derive from local sources. Quartzite dominates, while quartz and chert are less common. The majority of artifacts is small in size. Hard-hammer direct percussion was applied extensively, and the presence of bipolar products indicates that bipolar technique was also used. Denticulates and notches are important tools in the stone artifact assemblage. Tools were mainly retouched on the dorsal surface by freehand percussion.
The lithic assemblage of Wulanmulun site has the attributes of a small tool industry in North China. Integrated research on the site in future may potentially shed light on the evolutionary trajectories of lithic technologies and human behavior in North China during the Late Pleistocene period.

Key words: Wulanmulun site, Ordos Plateau, Stone artifacts, Late Pleistocene

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