家养食草动物粪便中的花粉及菌孢子类型及其对人类活动的指示意义

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0026

人类学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (05): 879-887.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0026

家养食草动物粪便中的花粉及菌孢子类型及其对人类活动的指示意义

张雅平¹^,², 赵克良¹^,²^,³(), 周新郢¹^,²^,³, 杨庆江¹^,², 贾伟明⁴^,⁵, 李小强¹^,²^,³

1.中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044
2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3.中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京100044
4.悉尼大学考古系,悉尼大学中国研究中心,澳大利亚,悉尼 2006
5.河南大学历史文化学院,开封475001

收稿日期:2020-03-01 修回日期:2020-04-30 出版日期:2021-10-15 发布日期:2021-10-15
通讯作者: 赵克良
作者简介:张雅平,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所硕士研究生,主要从事环境考古、游牧考古研究。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41772371);国家自然科学基金(41730319);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项B类(XDB26000000);国家社科基金重大项目(18ZDA218)

A study of pollen and fungal spores extracted from the feces of domestic herbivores in China and their implications for human behavior

ZHANG Yaping¹^,², ZHAO Keliang¹^,²^,³(), ZHOU Xinying¹^,²^,³, YANG Qingjiang¹^,², JIA Weiming⁴^,⁵, LI Xiaoqiang¹^,²^,³

1. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044
2. University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044
4. Department of Archaeology, China Studies Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
5. School of History and Culture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001

Received:2020-03-01 Revised:2020-04-30 Online:2021-10-15 Published:2021-10-15
Contact: ZHAO Keliang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

考古遗址中动物粪化石中的微体植物遗存是重建过去生态环境以及人类活动的重要材料,然而对于能够指示人类活动的粪化石孢粉组合类型及其特征仍然缺乏清楚的认识。本文研究了山羊(Capra aegagrus)、绵羊(Ovis aries)、牛(Bos taurus)、骆驼(Camelus)、牦牛(Bos grunniens)和马(Equus caballus)等几种中国常见的家养食草类动物粪便中的主要孢粉和真菌孢子类型。通过分析这些动物粪便的花粉组合特征,探讨了花粉和菌孢子等微体植物遗存对生态环境及人类活动的指示意义。花粉种类丰度低、一些特征种属花粉(如禾本科、藜科)含量高是家养食草类动物粪便花粉组合的主要特征,可以用于指示人类的饲养行为。家养食草动物粪便中的粪生真菌孢子类型主要有Sporormiella, Sodaria, Pleospora, Coniochaeta, Thecaphora and Dictyosporium。研究表明真菌孢子的分布主要受到动物活动范围的影响,这使得利用粪生菌孢子(如Sporormiella)并结合其他记录来反映人类的饲养或游牧活动成为可能。

关键词: 山羊, 绵羊, 粪生菌孢子, Sporormiella, 古生态

Abstract:

It has been demonstrated that plant microfossils in the coprolites unearthed from archaeological sites are important materials for reconstructing past ecologies and environments as well as human activities. However, the palynological assemblages of animals’ coprolites that reflects human behavior of feeding and grazing are still poorly understood. Here we present the results of a study of the major pollen and fungal spore types found in the feces of six common domestic herbivores in China: goat (Capra aegagrus), sheep (Ovis aries), cattle (Bos taurus), camel (Camelus sp.), yak (Bos grunniens), and horse (Equus caballus). A study of surface soil samples in proximity to a sheepfold was also conducted to evaluate the influence of factors affecting the transmission of coprophilous fungal spores. The pollen characteristics of the feces include overall low taxonomic abundance and a high proportion of just a few pollen types, such as those of the Poaceae and Chenopodiaceae, which are affected by human activities. The main fungal spore types detected in domestic herbivore feces include the genera Sporormiella, Sodaria, Pleospora, Coniochaeta, Thecaphora and Dictyosporium. The distribution of fungal spores is apparently affected by the range of the animals, making it possible to use coprophilous spores (e.g., Sporormiella) to reconstruct the pastoral and animal breeding activities of ancient humans.

Key words: goat, sheep, fungal spores, Sporormiella, paleoecology

中图分类号:

Q914.81

张雅平, 赵克良, 周新郢, 杨庆江, 贾伟明, 李小强. 家养食草动物粪便中的花粉及菌孢子类型及其对人类活动的指示意义[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(05): 879-887.

ZHANG Yaping, ZHAO Keliang, ZHOU Xinying, YANG Qingjiang, JIA Weiming, LI Xiaoqiang. A study of pollen and fungal spores extracted from the feces of domestic herbivores in China and their implications for human behavior[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(05): 879-887.

图/表 5

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编号	样品类型	地区	采样时间	纬度	经度	海拔(m)	植被类型
D1	山羊	辽宁	2019.5	39°23'50.26"N	121°40'1.84"E	12	暖温带落叶阔叶林
D2	山羊	陕西	2019.6	37°37'54.64"N	108°59'53.22"E	1294	黄土丘陵灌木草原
D3	绵羊	新疆	2018.11	38°10'15.33"N	85°25'38.37"E	1186	红砂稀疏荒漠植被
D4	黄牛	新疆	2018.11	38°8'48.63"N	85°29'57.06"E	1181	红砂稀疏荒漠植被
D5	骆驼	新疆	2018.11	38°13'54.17"N	85°29'11.07"E	1154	红砂稀疏荒漠植被
D6	绵羊	西藏	2019.8	31°41′19.71″N	88°47′43.3″E	4548	高寒草原
D7	牦牛	西藏	2019.8	31°41′19.71″N	88°47′43.3″E	4550	高寒草原
D8	马	西藏	2019.8	32°02′17″N	89°09′08″E	4570	高寒草原
D9	绵羊	内蒙	2019.1	42°48′18.76″N	112°25′10.31″E	1058	荒漠草原
S1	羊圈表土	内蒙	2019.1	42°48′18.76″N	112°25′10.31″E	1058	荒漠草原
S2	羊圈表土10 m	内蒙	2019.1	42°48′18.89″N	112°25′11.93″E	1058	荒漠草原
S3	羊圈表土100 m	内蒙	2019.1	42°48′19.51″N	112°25′16.04″E	1058	荒漠草原

编号	样品类型	地区	采样时间	纬度	经度	海拔(m)	植被类型
D1	山羊	辽宁	2019.5	39°23'50.26"N	121°40'1.84"E	12	暖温带落叶阔叶林
D2	山羊	陕西	2019.6	37°37'54.64"N	108°59'53.22"E	1294	黄土丘陵灌木草原
D3	绵羊	新疆	2018.11	38°10'15.33"N	85°25'38.37"E	1186	红砂稀疏荒漠植被
D4	黄牛	新疆	2018.11	38°8'48.63"N	85°29'57.06"E	1181	红砂稀疏荒漠植被
D5	骆驼	新疆	2018.11	38°13'54.17"N	85°29'11.07"E	1154	红砂稀疏荒漠植被
D6	绵羊	西藏	2019.8	31°41′19.71″N	88°47′43.3″E	4548	高寒草原
D7	牦牛	西藏	2019.8	31°41′19.71″N	88°47′43.3″E	4550	高寒草原
D8	马	西藏	2019.8	32°02′17″N	89°09′08″E	4570	高寒草原
D9	绵羊	内蒙	2019.1	42°48′18.76″N	112°25′10.31″E	1058	荒漠草原
S1	羊圈表土	内蒙	2019.1	42°48′18.76″N	112°25′10.31″E	1058	荒漠草原
S2	羊圈表土10 m	内蒙	2019.1	42°48′18.89″N	112°25′11.93″E	1058	荒漠草原
S3	羊圈表土100 m	内蒙	2019.1	42°48′19.51″N	112°25′16.04″E	1058	荒漠草原

家养食草动物粪便中的花粉及菌孢子类型及其对人类活动的指示意义

A study of pollen and fungal spores extracted from the feces of domestic herbivores in China and their implications for human behavior

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