人类学学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (01): 77-87.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2017.0020
收稿日期:
2015-07-28
修回日期:
2016-03-29
出版日期:
2019-02-15
发布日期:
2020-09-11
通讯作者:
郑连斌
作者简介:
李咏兰(1963-),女,汉族,内蒙古赤峰市人教授,博士,主要从事体质人类学与人类群体遗传学研究。
基金资助:
LI Yonglan1,2, ZHENG Lianbin3,*(), JIN Dan3
Received:
2015-07-28
Revised:
2016-03-29
Online:
2019-02-15
Published:
2020-09-11
Contact:
ZHENG Lianbin
摘要:
1982年和1988年已经有学者报道了黎族体质人类学研究资料,近年来又报道了黎族的分子人类学研究成果。目前未见关于黎族身体组成成分的研究,也没有当前黎族的体质人类学数据。2014年11月,在海南省五指山市5个黎族村寨进行607例(男为308例,女为299例)黎族成人的人体测量。研究发现,黎族人偏瘦,肌肉较发达。随年龄增长,黎族男性体脂率的增加,主要是躯干脂肪率增大造成的,与四肢脂肪率关系不大。男性由于骨量、躯干和四肢肌肉量的下降造成瘦体质量的逐渐减小。随年龄增长,黎族女性的体脂率呈线性增大,总肌肉量呈线性减小。体脂率的逐渐增大是由于躯干和四肢的脂肪率逐渐增加造成的,总肌肉量的逐渐减小是左下肢肌肉量、躯干肌肉量逐渐下降造成的。黎族男女均为圆头型、高头型、中头型、阔面型、中鼻型、中躯干型、中胸型、宽肩型、中骨盆型、中腿型。与30年前黎族头面部资料相比,本文测量的黎族头宽、面宽值较大,头更圆些、更阔些,面更阔些,红唇较薄,形态面高值较小,男性鼻宽值较小。
中图分类号:
李咏兰, 郑连斌, 金丹. 黎族的体成分与体质特征[J]. 人类学学报, 2019, 38(01): 77-87.
LI Yonglan, ZHENG Lianbin, JIN Dan. An analysis of body composition and physical features of Li people[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2019, 38(01): 77-87.
变量Parameter | 男性Male | 方差分析 Variance analysis | 回归分析 Regression | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20-岁组age group | 45-岁组age group | 60-75岁组 age group | 合计 total | F | P | 多重比较MC | F | P | |
体质量(kg)Weight | 61.2±9.8 | 61.2±9.8 | 57.8±10.2 | 60.5±10.0 | 2.953 | 0.054 | 22.145 | 0.000 | |
身高(mm)Height | 1660.4±57.6 | 1641.1±57.1 | 1599.5±55.9 | 1642.4±61.4 | 25.180 | 0.000 | abc | 50.602 | 0.000 |
总体脂率(%)PBF | 18.1±5.7 | 20.3±5.9 | 21.6±6.3 | 19.5±6.0 | 9.456 | 0.000 | ab | 26.435 | 0.000 |
总肌肉量(kg)TBMM | 47.1±5.6 | 46.0±5.1 | 42.4±5.4 | 45.8±5.7 | 16.690 | 0.000 | bc | 28.107 | 0.000 |
推定骨量(kg)EBM | 2.7±0.8 | 2.5±0.3 | 2.4±0.3 | 2.6±0.6 | 5.827 | 0.003 | bc | 14.346 | 0.000 |
BMI(kg/ m2) | 22.2±3.3 | 22.8±3.4 | 22.2±4.2 | 22.4±3.5 | 0.970 | 0.380 | 0.977 | 0.324 | |
热量(kcal)TEML | 2155.7±360.2 | 2004.6±340.2 | 1856.4±316.3 | 2049.8±364.2 | 17.604 | 0.000 | abc | 35.766 | 0.000 |
生理年龄(岁)PA(a) | 27.0±10.8 | 38.9±13.4 | 50.7±10.4 | 35.4±14.8 | 98.419 | 0.000 | abc | 284.229 | 0.000 |
水分率(%)PBW | 55.3±4.7 | 54.8±4.8 | 54.7±6.2 | 55.0±5.1 | 0.491 | 0.613 | 1.578 | 0.210 | |
内脏脂肪等级VFL | 6.3±3.9 | 9.8±3.9 | 12.2±4.3 | 8.5±4.6 | 55.881 | 0.000 | abc | 150.909 | 0.000 |
右上肢脂肪率(%)PRULF | 14.5±5.5 | 14.8±4.7 | 15.8±4.8 | 14.9±5.2 | 1.346 | 0.262 | 3.193 | 0.075 | |
右上肢肌肉量(kg)RULMM | 2.4±0.4 | 2.4±0.3 | 2.2±0.4 | 2.4±0.4 | 12.124 | 0.000 | bc | 17.216 | 0.000 |
左上肢脂肪率(%)PLULF | 15.1±4.1 | 15.7±4.5 | 15.4±4.7 | 15.3±4.4 | 0.456 | 0.634 | 0.444 | 0.506 | |
左上肢肌肉量(kg)LULMM | 2.3±0.4 | 2.2±0.3 | 2.1±0.5 | 2.2±0.4 | 2.997 | 0.051 | 3.118 | 0.078 | |
右下肢脂肪率(%)PRLLF | 19.8±5.7 | 20.1±4.9 | 19.5±5.3 | 19.8±5.4 | 0.229 | 0.795 | 0.731 | 0.393 | |
右下肢肌肉量(kg)RLLMM | 8.1±1.4 | 8.1±1.3 | 7.6±1.3 | 8.0±1.4 | 3.137 | 0.045 | 4.751 | 0.030 | |
左下肢脂肪率(%)PLLLF | 19.5±5.0 | 21.0±8.1 | 19.4±5.1 | 19.9±6.1 | 2.136 | 0.120 | 1.290 | 0.257 | |
左下肢肌肉量(kg)LLLMM | 8.1±1.3 | 8.0±1.3 | 7.6±1.2 | 8.0±1.3 | 2.800 | 0.062 | 4.585 | 0.033 | |
躯干脂肪率(%)PTF | 17.8±6.9 | 21.4±7.0 | 24.0±7.4 | 20.1±7.4 | 19.103 | 0.000 | ab | 49.358 | 0.000 |
躯干肌肉量(kg)TMM | 26.2±2.5 | 25.1±2.3 | 23.0±2.8 | 25.2±2.8 | 37.571 | 0.000 | abc | 69.794 | 0.000 |
表1 海南黎族男性体成分指标值
Tab.1 The body composition index of Li male in Hainan Province
变量Parameter | 男性Male | 方差分析 Variance analysis | 回归分析 Regression | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20-岁组age group | 45-岁组age group | 60-75岁组 age group | 合计 total | F | P | 多重比较MC | F | P | |
体质量(kg)Weight | 61.2±9.8 | 61.2±9.8 | 57.8±10.2 | 60.5±10.0 | 2.953 | 0.054 | 22.145 | 0.000 | |
身高(mm)Height | 1660.4±57.6 | 1641.1±57.1 | 1599.5±55.9 | 1642.4±61.4 | 25.180 | 0.000 | abc | 50.602 | 0.000 |
总体脂率(%)PBF | 18.1±5.7 | 20.3±5.9 | 21.6±6.3 | 19.5±6.0 | 9.456 | 0.000 | ab | 26.435 | 0.000 |
总肌肉量(kg)TBMM | 47.1±5.6 | 46.0±5.1 | 42.4±5.4 | 45.8±5.7 | 16.690 | 0.000 | bc | 28.107 | 0.000 |
推定骨量(kg)EBM | 2.7±0.8 | 2.5±0.3 | 2.4±0.3 | 2.6±0.6 | 5.827 | 0.003 | bc | 14.346 | 0.000 |
BMI(kg/ m2) | 22.2±3.3 | 22.8±3.4 | 22.2±4.2 | 22.4±3.5 | 0.970 | 0.380 | 0.977 | 0.324 | |
热量(kcal)TEML | 2155.7±360.2 | 2004.6±340.2 | 1856.4±316.3 | 2049.8±364.2 | 17.604 | 0.000 | abc | 35.766 | 0.000 |
生理年龄(岁)PA(a) | 27.0±10.8 | 38.9±13.4 | 50.7±10.4 | 35.4±14.8 | 98.419 | 0.000 | abc | 284.229 | 0.000 |
水分率(%)PBW | 55.3±4.7 | 54.8±4.8 | 54.7±6.2 | 55.0±5.1 | 0.491 | 0.613 | 1.578 | 0.210 | |
内脏脂肪等级VFL | 6.3±3.9 | 9.8±3.9 | 12.2±4.3 | 8.5±4.6 | 55.881 | 0.000 | abc | 150.909 | 0.000 |
右上肢脂肪率(%)PRULF | 14.5±5.5 | 14.8±4.7 | 15.8±4.8 | 14.9±5.2 | 1.346 | 0.262 | 3.193 | 0.075 | |
右上肢肌肉量(kg)RULMM | 2.4±0.4 | 2.4±0.3 | 2.2±0.4 | 2.4±0.4 | 12.124 | 0.000 | bc | 17.216 | 0.000 |
左上肢脂肪率(%)PLULF | 15.1±4.1 | 15.7±4.5 | 15.4±4.7 | 15.3±4.4 | 0.456 | 0.634 | 0.444 | 0.506 | |
左上肢肌肉量(kg)LULMM | 2.3±0.4 | 2.2±0.3 | 2.1±0.5 | 2.2±0.4 | 2.997 | 0.051 | 3.118 | 0.078 | |
右下肢脂肪率(%)PRLLF | 19.8±5.7 | 20.1±4.9 | 19.5±5.3 | 19.8±5.4 | 0.229 | 0.795 | 0.731 | 0.393 | |
右下肢肌肉量(kg)RLLMM | 8.1±1.4 | 8.1±1.3 | 7.6±1.3 | 8.0±1.4 | 3.137 | 0.045 | 4.751 | 0.030 | |
左下肢脂肪率(%)PLLLF | 19.5±5.0 | 21.0±8.1 | 19.4±5.1 | 19.9±6.1 | 2.136 | 0.120 | 1.290 | 0.257 | |
左下肢肌肉量(kg)LLLMM | 8.1±1.3 | 8.0±1.3 | 7.6±1.2 | 8.0±1.3 | 2.800 | 0.062 | 4.585 | 0.033 | |
躯干脂肪率(%)PTF | 17.8±6.9 | 21.4±7.0 | 24.0±7.4 | 20.1±7.4 | 19.103 | 0.000 | ab | 49.358 | 0.000 |
躯干肌肉量(kg)TMM | 26.2±2.5 | 25.1±2.3 | 23.0±2.8 | 25.2±2.8 | 37.571 | 0.000 | abc | 69.794 | 0.000 |
变量Parameter | 女性Female | 方差Variance | 回归Regression | u-test | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20- | 45- | 60-75 | 合计total | F | P | MC | F | P | ||
体质量Weight(kg) | 52.1±9.0 | 56.0±9.5 | 49.7±8.3 | 52.9±9.3 | 9.673 | 0.000 | ac | 0.520 | 0.471 | 9.70** |
身高Height(mm) | 1547.4±51.9 | 1532.9±53.2 | 1481.7±63.2 | 1530.2±59.6 | 30.461 | 0.000 | bc | 65.680 | 0.000 | 22.85** |
总体脂率PBF(%) | 29.4±6.5 | 33.8±6.1 | 31.1±8.4 | 31.2±7.0 | 12.705 | 0.000 | a | 19.138 | 0.000 | 22.08** |
总肌肉量TBMM (kg) | 34.3±3.8 | 34.6±3.4 | 32.0±3.7 | 34.0±3.8 | 10.011 | 0.000 | bc | 7.388 | 0.007 | 0.09** |
推定骨量EBM(kg) | 2.0±0.3 | 2.2±1.7 | 1.8±0.3 | 2.0±1.0 | 3.213 | 0.042 | b | 0.040 | 0.842 | 8.93** |
BMI(kg/ m2) | 21.8±3.4 | 23.8±3.5 | 22.6±3.7 | 22.6±3.6 | 9.942 | 0.000 | a | 18.456 | 0.000 | 0.69 |
热量TEML(kcal) | 1686.5±249.8 | 1654.3±220.2 | 1476.0±190.8 | 1636.0±242.7 | 17.689 | 0.000 | bc | 26.005 | 0.000 | 16.52** |
生理年龄(岁)PA(a) | 32.2±13.5 | 47.8±13.1 | 51.4±12.3 | 40.9±15.7 | 65.680 | 0.000 | ab | 203.718 | 0.000 | 4.44** |
水分率PBW(%) | 49.6±4.0 | 48.0±3.9 | 50.5±5.9 | 49.3±4.4 | 6.942 | 0.001 | ac | 0.458 | 0.499 | 14.76** |
内脏脂肪等级VFL | 3.9±2.3 | 6.4±2.0 | 6.4±2.4 | 5.2±2.6 | 45.506 | 0.000 | ab | 120.855 | 0.000 | 10.92** |
右上肢脂肪率PRULF(%) | 25.7±7.1 | 29.9±7.2 | 25.9±9.5 | 27.1±7.8 | 10.318 | 0.000 | ac | 5.955 | 0.015 | 22.61** |
右上肢肌肉量RULMM(kg) | 1.6±0.3 | 1.9±1.8 | 1.6±0.3 | 1.7±1.0 | 2.120 | 0.122 | 0.871 | 0.352 | 11.26** | |
左上肢脂肪率(%)PLULF | 27.6±6.8 | 31.3±6.8 | 27.6±9.6 | 28.8±7.6 | 8.823 | 0.000 | ac | 6.186 | 0.013 | 26.68** |
左上肢肌肉量LULMM(kg) | 1.5±0.3 | 1.6±0.3 | 1.8±2.5 | 1.6±1.1 | 1.402 | 0.248 | a | 1.868 | 0.173 | 8.88** |
右下肢脂肪率PRLLF(%) | 32.5±5.2 | 35.7±4.2 | 33.1±6.4 | 33.6±5.3 | 11.807 | 0.000 | ac | 12.721 | 0.000 | 31.77** |
右下肢肌肉量RLLMM(kg) | 5.8±0.9 | 5.8±0.6 | 5.5±0.7 | 5.7±0.8 | 3.965 | 0.020 | bc | 2.409 | 0.122 | 24.94** |
左下肢脂肪率PLLLF(%) | 32.6±4.7 | 35.5±3.9 | 33.0±6.5 | 33.6±5.0 | 11.668 | 0.000 | ac | 12.593 | 0.000 | 30.30** |
左下肢肌肉量LLLMM(kg) | 5.7±0.7 | 5.7±0.7 | 5.4±0.6 | 5.7±0.7 | 5.097 | 0.007 | bc | 5.583 | 0.019 | 27.25** |
躯干脂肪率PTF(%) | 27.9±8.0 | 33.3±7.3 | 29.9±10.7 | 30.0±8.7 | 13.065 | 0.000 | ac | 19.829 | 0.000 | 15.08** |
躯干肌肉量TMM(kg) | 19.7±2.1 | 19.6±3.2 | 18.5±3.1 | 19.5±2.8 | 4.665 | 0.010 | b | 6.540 | 0.011 | 25.07** |
表2 海南黎族女性体成分指标值
Tab.2 The body composition index of Li female in Hainan Province
变量Parameter | 女性Female | 方差Variance | 回归Regression | u-test | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20- | 45- | 60-75 | 合计total | F | P | MC | F | P | ||
体质量Weight(kg) | 52.1±9.0 | 56.0±9.5 | 49.7±8.3 | 52.9±9.3 | 9.673 | 0.000 | ac | 0.520 | 0.471 | 9.70** |
身高Height(mm) | 1547.4±51.9 | 1532.9±53.2 | 1481.7±63.2 | 1530.2±59.6 | 30.461 | 0.000 | bc | 65.680 | 0.000 | 22.85** |
总体脂率PBF(%) | 29.4±6.5 | 33.8±6.1 | 31.1±8.4 | 31.2±7.0 | 12.705 | 0.000 | a | 19.138 | 0.000 | 22.08** |
总肌肉量TBMM (kg) | 34.3±3.8 | 34.6±3.4 | 32.0±3.7 | 34.0±3.8 | 10.011 | 0.000 | bc | 7.388 | 0.007 | 0.09** |
推定骨量EBM(kg) | 2.0±0.3 | 2.2±1.7 | 1.8±0.3 | 2.0±1.0 | 3.213 | 0.042 | b | 0.040 | 0.842 | 8.93** |
BMI(kg/ m2) | 21.8±3.4 | 23.8±3.5 | 22.6±3.7 | 22.6±3.6 | 9.942 | 0.000 | a | 18.456 | 0.000 | 0.69 |
热量TEML(kcal) | 1686.5±249.8 | 1654.3±220.2 | 1476.0±190.8 | 1636.0±242.7 | 17.689 | 0.000 | bc | 26.005 | 0.000 | 16.52** |
生理年龄(岁)PA(a) | 32.2±13.5 | 47.8±13.1 | 51.4±12.3 | 40.9±15.7 | 65.680 | 0.000 | ab | 203.718 | 0.000 | 4.44** |
水分率PBW(%) | 49.6±4.0 | 48.0±3.9 | 50.5±5.9 | 49.3±4.4 | 6.942 | 0.001 | ac | 0.458 | 0.499 | 14.76** |
内脏脂肪等级VFL | 3.9±2.3 | 6.4±2.0 | 6.4±2.4 | 5.2±2.6 | 45.506 | 0.000 | ab | 120.855 | 0.000 | 10.92** |
右上肢脂肪率PRULF(%) | 25.7±7.1 | 29.9±7.2 | 25.9±9.5 | 27.1±7.8 | 10.318 | 0.000 | ac | 5.955 | 0.015 | 22.61** |
右上肢肌肉量RULMM(kg) | 1.6±0.3 | 1.9±1.8 | 1.6±0.3 | 1.7±1.0 | 2.120 | 0.122 | 0.871 | 0.352 | 11.26** | |
左上肢脂肪率(%)PLULF | 27.6±6.8 | 31.3±6.8 | 27.6±9.6 | 28.8±7.6 | 8.823 | 0.000 | ac | 6.186 | 0.013 | 26.68** |
左上肢肌肉量LULMM(kg) | 1.5±0.3 | 1.6±0.3 | 1.8±2.5 | 1.6±1.1 | 1.402 | 0.248 | a | 1.868 | 0.173 | 8.88** |
右下肢脂肪率PRLLF(%) | 32.5±5.2 | 35.7±4.2 | 33.1±6.4 | 33.6±5.3 | 11.807 | 0.000 | ac | 12.721 | 0.000 | 31.77** |
右下肢肌肉量RLLMM(kg) | 5.8±0.9 | 5.8±0.6 | 5.5±0.7 | 5.7±0.8 | 3.965 | 0.020 | bc | 2.409 | 0.122 | 24.94** |
左下肢脂肪率PLLLF(%) | 32.6±4.7 | 35.5±3.9 | 33.0±6.5 | 33.6±5.0 | 11.668 | 0.000 | ac | 12.593 | 0.000 | 30.30** |
左下肢肌肉量LLLMM(kg) | 5.7±0.7 | 5.7±0.7 | 5.4±0.6 | 5.7±0.7 | 5.097 | 0.007 | bc | 5.583 | 0.019 | 27.25** |
躯干脂肪率PTF(%) | 27.9±8.0 | 33.3±7.3 | 29.9±10.7 | 30.0±8.7 | 13.065 | 0.000 | ac | 19.829 | 0.000 | 15.08** |
躯干肌肉量TMM(kg) | 19.7±2.1 | 19.6±3.2 | 18.5±3.1 | 19.5±2.8 | 4.665 | 0.010 | b | 6.540 | 0.011 | 25.07** |
变量Parameter | 类型Type | 男Male(308例) | 女Female(299) | 合计Total(607) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
上眼睑皱褶Eyefold of the upper eyelid | 无no | 26 | 8.4 | 30 | 10.0 | 56 | 9.2 |
有yes | 282 | 91.6 | 269 | 90.0 | 551 | 90.8 | |
蒙古褶Mongoloid fold | 无no | 194 | 63.0 | 181 | 60.5 | 375 | 61.8 |
有yes | 114 | 37.0 | 118 | 39.5 | 232 | 38.2 | |
眼裂高度Opening height of eyeslits | 狭窄narrow | 139 | 45.1 | 110 | 36.8 | 249 | 41.0 |
中等middle | 147 | 47.7 | 155 | 51.8 | 302 | 49.8 | |
较宽wide | 22 | 7.1 | 34 | 11.4 | 56 | 9.2 | |
眼裂倾斜度Direction of eyeslits | 内角高internal angle | 1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.2 |
水平middle | 67 | 21.8 | 52 | 17.4 | 119 | 19.6 | |
外角高external angle | 240 | 77.9 | 247 | 82.6 | 487 | 80.2 | |
鼻根高度Nasal root height | 低平low | 15 | 4.9 | 58 | 19.4 | 73 | 12.0 |
中等middle | 277 | 89.9 | 238 | 79.6 | 515 | 84.8 | |
较高high | 16 | 5.2 | 3 | 1.0 | 19 | 3.1 | |
鼻背侧面观Nasal profile | 凹concave | 32 | 10.4 | 109 | 36.5 | 141 | 23.2 |
直straight | 269 | 87.3 | 189 | 63.2 | 458 | 75.5 | |
凸protruding | 7 | 2.3 | 1 | 0.3 | 8 | 1.3 | |
颧部突出度Zygomatic projection | 扁平projecting | 124 | 40.3 | 176 | 58.9 | 300 | 49.4 |
中等middle | 60 | 19.5 | 66 | 22.1 | 126 | 20.8 | |
微弱tiny | 124 | 40.3 | 57 | 19.1 | 181 | 29.8 | |
鼻基部Nasal base | 下垂prolapse | 11 | 3.6 | 6 | 2.0 | 17 | 2.8 |
水平level | 182 | 59.1 | 134 | 44.8 | 316 | 52.1 | |
上翘upturned | 115 | 37.3 | 159 | 53.2 | 274 | 45.1 | |
鼻翼高度Hight of Nasal base | 低low | 23 | 7.5 | 49 | 16.4 | 72 | 11.9 |
中等middle | 230 | 74.7 | 203 | 67.9 | 433 | 71.3 | |
高high | 55 | 17.9 | 47 | 15.7 | 102 | 16.8 | |
鼻孔最大径Maximal diameter of nostrils | 横transverse | 128 | 41.6 | 169 | 56.5 | 297 | 48.9 |
斜oblique | 167 | 54.2 | 125 | 41.8 | 292 | 48.1 | |
纵vertical | 13 | 4.2 | 5 | 1.7 | 18 | 3.0 | |
鼻翼宽Breadth of alae nasi | 狭窄narrow | 82 | 26.6 | 27 | 9.0 | 109 | 18.0 |
中等middle | 163 | 52.9 | 164 | 54.8 | 327 | 53.9 | |
较宽wide | 63 | 20.5 | 108 | 36.1 | 171 | 28.2 | |
耳垂Lobe types | 三角形triangle | 21 | 6.8 | 127 | 42.5 | 148 | 24.4 |
方形square | 91 | 29.5 | 23 | 7.7 | 114 | 18.8 | |
圆形round | 196 | 63.6 | 149 | 49.8 | 345 | 56.8 | |
上唇皮肤部高度Upper lip skin height | 低low | 12 | 3.9 | 123 | 41.1 | 135 | 22.2 |
中middle | 248 | 80.5 | 169 | 56.5 | 417 | 68.7 | |
高high | 48 | 15.6 | 7 | 2.3 | 55 | 9.1 | |
红唇厚度Thickness of lips | 薄唇thin | 105 | 34.1 | 93 | 31.1 | 198 | 32.6 |
中等middle | 168 | 54.5 | 193 | 64.5 | 361 | 59.5 | |
厚唇thick | 35 | 11.4 | 13 | 4.3 | 48 | 7.9 | |
眼色Eye color | 黑褐色black brown | 118 | 38.3 | 130 | 43.5 | 248 | 40.9 |
褐色brown | 175 | 56.8 | 160 | 53.5 | 335 | 55.2 | |
浅褐色shallow | 15 | 4.9 | 9 | 3.0 | 24 | 4.0 |
表3 黎族观察指标调查结果
Tab.3 The results of somatoscopy of Li
变量Parameter | 类型Type | 男Male(308例) | 女Female(299) | 合计Total(607) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
上眼睑皱褶Eyefold of the upper eyelid | 无no | 26 | 8.4 | 30 | 10.0 | 56 | 9.2 |
有yes | 282 | 91.6 | 269 | 90.0 | 551 | 90.8 | |
蒙古褶Mongoloid fold | 无no | 194 | 63.0 | 181 | 60.5 | 375 | 61.8 |
有yes | 114 | 37.0 | 118 | 39.5 | 232 | 38.2 | |
眼裂高度Opening height of eyeslits | 狭窄narrow | 139 | 45.1 | 110 | 36.8 | 249 | 41.0 |
中等middle | 147 | 47.7 | 155 | 51.8 | 302 | 49.8 | |
较宽wide | 22 | 7.1 | 34 | 11.4 | 56 | 9.2 | |
眼裂倾斜度Direction of eyeslits | 内角高internal angle | 1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.2 |
水平middle | 67 | 21.8 | 52 | 17.4 | 119 | 19.6 | |
外角高external angle | 240 | 77.9 | 247 | 82.6 | 487 | 80.2 | |
鼻根高度Nasal root height | 低平low | 15 | 4.9 | 58 | 19.4 | 73 | 12.0 |
中等middle | 277 | 89.9 | 238 | 79.6 | 515 | 84.8 | |
较高high | 16 | 5.2 | 3 | 1.0 | 19 | 3.1 | |
鼻背侧面观Nasal profile | 凹concave | 32 | 10.4 | 109 | 36.5 | 141 | 23.2 |
直straight | 269 | 87.3 | 189 | 63.2 | 458 | 75.5 | |
凸protruding | 7 | 2.3 | 1 | 0.3 | 8 | 1.3 | |
颧部突出度Zygomatic projection | 扁平projecting | 124 | 40.3 | 176 | 58.9 | 300 | 49.4 |
中等middle | 60 | 19.5 | 66 | 22.1 | 126 | 20.8 | |
微弱tiny | 124 | 40.3 | 57 | 19.1 | 181 | 29.8 | |
鼻基部Nasal base | 下垂prolapse | 11 | 3.6 | 6 | 2.0 | 17 | 2.8 |
水平level | 182 | 59.1 | 134 | 44.8 | 316 | 52.1 | |
上翘upturned | 115 | 37.3 | 159 | 53.2 | 274 | 45.1 | |
鼻翼高度Hight of Nasal base | 低low | 23 | 7.5 | 49 | 16.4 | 72 | 11.9 |
中等middle | 230 | 74.7 | 203 | 67.9 | 433 | 71.3 | |
高high | 55 | 17.9 | 47 | 15.7 | 102 | 16.8 | |
鼻孔最大径Maximal diameter of nostrils | 横transverse | 128 | 41.6 | 169 | 56.5 | 297 | 48.9 |
斜oblique | 167 | 54.2 | 125 | 41.8 | 292 | 48.1 | |
纵vertical | 13 | 4.2 | 5 | 1.7 | 18 | 3.0 | |
鼻翼宽Breadth of alae nasi | 狭窄narrow | 82 | 26.6 | 27 | 9.0 | 109 | 18.0 |
中等middle | 163 | 52.9 | 164 | 54.8 | 327 | 53.9 | |
较宽wide | 63 | 20.5 | 108 | 36.1 | 171 | 28.2 | |
耳垂Lobe types | 三角形triangle | 21 | 6.8 | 127 | 42.5 | 148 | 24.4 |
方形square | 91 | 29.5 | 23 | 7.7 | 114 | 18.8 | |
圆形round | 196 | 63.6 | 149 | 49.8 | 345 | 56.8 | |
上唇皮肤部高度Upper lip skin height | 低low | 12 | 3.9 | 123 | 41.1 | 135 | 22.2 |
中middle | 248 | 80.5 | 169 | 56.5 | 417 | 68.7 | |
高high | 48 | 15.6 | 7 | 2.3 | 55 | 9.1 | |
红唇厚度Thickness of lips | 薄唇thin | 105 | 34.1 | 93 | 31.1 | 198 | 32.6 |
中等middle | 168 | 54.5 | 193 | 64.5 | 361 | 59.5 | |
厚唇thick | 35 | 11.4 | 13 | 4.3 | 48 | 7.9 | |
眼色Eye color | 黑褐色black brown | 118 | 38.3 | 130 | 43.5 | 248 | 40.9 |
褐色brown | 175 | 56.8 | 160 | 53.5 | 335 | 55.2 | |
浅褐色shallow | 15 | 4.9 | 9 | 3.0 | 24 | 4.0 |
变量Parameter | 男male | 女female | 指标Index | 男male | 女female |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
头长head length | 186.1±7.1 | 177.9±7.0 | 指距Span of arms | 1696.8±73.9 | 1564.8±64.1 |
头宽head breadth | 152.3±7.9 | 146.6±6.7 | 身高stature | 1642.4±61.4 | 1531.5±58.2 |
额最小宽Min. frontal breadth | 112.8±5.3 | 108.8±4.4 | 肩峰点高acromion height | 1335.3±55.1 | 1241.6±53.7 |
面宽face breadth | 144.5±6.0 | 137.2±5.2 | 中指指尖点高middle finger tip ht | 607.8±33.0 | 569.0±37.1 |
下颌角间宽bigonial breadth | 117.9±6.4 | 111.3±5.6 | 髂前上棘点高iliospinale anterior ht | 923.8±41.9 | 869.3±39.7 |
眼内角间宽interocular breadth | 39.7±3.2 | 38.0±2.9 | 坐高sitting height | 868.9±37.1 | 819.4±37.1 |
眼外角间宽external biocular breadth | 97.1±5.8 | 94.2±5.4 | 肩宽shoulder breadth | 383.4±17.7 | 347.0±16.9 |
鼻宽nose breadth | 39.7±3.0 | 38.3±3.9 | 胸宽chest breadthⅠ | 269.3±16.4 | 248.0±15.7 |
口裂宽mouth breadth | 56.9±4.3 | 55.1±4.6 | 骨盆宽cresta iliaca breadth | 281.8±14.7 | 277.6±15.4 |
容貌面高physiognomic facial ht | 189.4±7.6 | 181.5±7.8 | 平静胸围chest circumferenceⅢ | 871.3±67.1 | 845.6±70.8 |
形态面高morphological facial ht. | 118.2±6.0 | 110.9±5.9 | 腰围waist circumference | 853.1±64.4 | 762.5±99.9 |
鼻高nose height | 50.8±3.1 | 49.3±2.9 | 腹围abdominal circumference | 785.8±90.3 | 858.3±72.9 |
鼻长nose length | 46.0±3.0 | 44.6±2.9 | 臀围hip circumference | 873.3±64.0 | 876.1±60.6 |
鼻深nasal depth | 15.5±1.9 | 13.7±2.2 | 大腿围maximum thigh circumference | 485.4±48.9 | 500.2±52.1 |
上唇皮肤部高度upper lip height | 16.5±2.9 | 14.8±2.5 | 小腿围calf cricumference | 336.7±28.7 | 326.2±29.4 |
唇高lip height | 19.1±3.8 | 18.7±3.0 | 肱三头肌皮褶triceps skinfold | 8.3±3.6 | 15.1±4.6 |
红唇厚度thickness of lips | 8.5±2.1 | 8.1±1.6 | 肩胛下皮褶subscapular skinfold | 11.4±5.0 | 13.5±5.1 |
容貌耳长physiognomic ear length | 63.3±4.7 | 63.0±52.0 | 髂嵴上皮褶suprailiac skinfold | 14.6±7.1 | 19.2±6.7 |
容貌耳宽physiognomic ear breafth | 31.2±2.4 | 30.5±2.5 | 上肢全长upper extremity length | 727.6±33.5 | 672.7±30.2 |
头水平围head circumference | 552.8±14.2 | 536.7±14.4 | 下肢全长lower extremity length | 889.8±38.4 | 842.7±36.4 |
耳上头高auricular height | 124.8±9.8 | 119.8±8.2 | 足长foot length | 245.6±11.8 | 226.7±10.5 |
体质量body weight(kg) | 60.5±10.0 | 52.9±9.3 | 手长hand length | 176.3±12.8 | 167.4±12.9 |
表4 黎族测量指标调查结果
Tab.4 The results of anthropometry of Li
变量Parameter | 男male | 女female | 指标Index | 男male | 女female |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
头长head length | 186.1±7.1 | 177.9±7.0 | 指距Span of arms | 1696.8±73.9 | 1564.8±64.1 |
头宽head breadth | 152.3±7.9 | 146.6±6.7 | 身高stature | 1642.4±61.4 | 1531.5±58.2 |
额最小宽Min. frontal breadth | 112.8±5.3 | 108.8±4.4 | 肩峰点高acromion height | 1335.3±55.1 | 1241.6±53.7 |
面宽face breadth | 144.5±6.0 | 137.2±5.2 | 中指指尖点高middle finger tip ht | 607.8±33.0 | 569.0±37.1 |
下颌角间宽bigonial breadth | 117.9±6.4 | 111.3±5.6 | 髂前上棘点高iliospinale anterior ht | 923.8±41.9 | 869.3±39.7 |
眼内角间宽interocular breadth | 39.7±3.2 | 38.0±2.9 | 坐高sitting height | 868.9±37.1 | 819.4±37.1 |
眼外角间宽external biocular breadth | 97.1±5.8 | 94.2±5.4 | 肩宽shoulder breadth | 383.4±17.7 | 347.0±16.9 |
鼻宽nose breadth | 39.7±3.0 | 38.3±3.9 | 胸宽chest breadthⅠ | 269.3±16.4 | 248.0±15.7 |
口裂宽mouth breadth | 56.9±4.3 | 55.1±4.6 | 骨盆宽cresta iliaca breadth | 281.8±14.7 | 277.6±15.4 |
容貌面高physiognomic facial ht | 189.4±7.6 | 181.5±7.8 | 平静胸围chest circumferenceⅢ | 871.3±67.1 | 845.6±70.8 |
形态面高morphological facial ht. | 118.2±6.0 | 110.9±5.9 | 腰围waist circumference | 853.1±64.4 | 762.5±99.9 |
鼻高nose height | 50.8±3.1 | 49.3±2.9 | 腹围abdominal circumference | 785.8±90.3 | 858.3±72.9 |
鼻长nose length | 46.0±3.0 | 44.6±2.9 | 臀围hip circumference | 873.3±64.0 | 876.1±60.6 |
鼻深nasal depth | 15.5±1.9 | 13.7±2.2 | 大腿围maximum thigh circumference | 485.4±48.9 | 500.2±52.1 |
上唇皮肤部高度upper lip height | 16.5±2.9 | 14.8±2.5 | 小腿围calf cricumference | 336.7±28.7 | 326.2±29.4 |
唇高lip height | 19.1±3.8 | 18.7±3.0 | 肱三头肌皮褶triceps skinfold | 8.3±3.6 | 15.1±4.6 |
红唇厚度thickness of lips | 8.5±2.1 | 8.1±1.6 | 肩胛下皮褶subscapular skinfold | 11.4±5.0 | 13.5±5.1 |
容貌耳长physiognomic ear length | 63.3±4.7 | 63.0±52.0 | 髂嵴上皮褶suprailiac skinfold | 14.6±7.1 | 19.2±6.7 |
容貌耳宽physiognomic ear breafth | 31.2±2.4 | 30.5±2.5 | 上肢全长upper extremity length | 727.6±33.5 | 672.7±30.2 |
头水平围head circumference | 552.8±14.2 | 536.7±14.4 | 下肢全长lower extremity length | 889.8±38.4 | 842.7±36.4 |
耳上头高auricular height | 124.8±9.8 | 119.8±8.2 | 足长foot length | 245.6±11.8 | 226.7±10.5 |
体质量body weight(kg) | 60.5±10.0 | 52.9±9.3 | 手长hand length | 176.3±12.8 | 167.4±12.9 |
指数index | 男性male | 女性female | 指数index | 男性male | 女性female |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
头长宽length- breadth of head | 82.0±5.9 | 82.6±5.3 | 身高体质量stature-weight | 367.8±56.1 | 345.1±56.3 |
头长高length-height of head | 67.1±5.4 | 67.4±5.2 | 身高胸围stature-chest cir | 53.1±4.2 | 55.3±4.8 |
头宽高breadth-height of head | 82.0±6.5 | 81.8±5.4 | 身高肩宽stature-shoulder breadth | 23.4±0.8 | 22.7±0.9 |
额顶宽度transverse frontoparietal | 74.2±4.2 | 74.3±3.7 | 身高骨盆宽stature -cristal | 17.2±0.9 | 18.2±1.0 |
容貌面physiognomic facial | 131.3±6.8 | 132.4±6.5 | 身高躯干前高 Stature supraster.notch above sit. Plane | 34.7±1.4 | 35.3±1.9 |
形态面morphological facial | 82.0±4.9 | 80.9±4.6 | 肩宽骨盆宽acromio-cristal | 73.6±4.1 | 80.1±4.4 |
头面宽transverse cephalo-facial | 95.0±4.2 | 93.7±3.3 | 马氏躯干腿长Manouvriers’ skelic | 89.1±4.6 | 86.9±5.2 |
头面高vertical cephalo-facial | 95.3±8.3 | 92.9±7.3 | 坐高下身长Sitting -lower extremity length | 1.1±0.1 | 1.2±0.1 |
颧额宽zygomatico-frontal | 78.2±4.4 | 79.3±3.3 | 身高指距stature-span | 103.3±2.6 | 102.3±2.7 |
鼻height-breadth of nose | 78.5±7.7 | 77.9±8.4 | 身高上肢长Stature-upper limb length | 44.3±1.2 | 44.0±1.4 |
口lip index | 33.9±7.5 | 34.2±6.4 | 身高下肢长Stature-lower limb length | 54.2±1.6 | 55.1±1.4 |
容貌耳physiognomic of ear | 49.3±3.4 | 50.9±4.7 | 上下肢长度intermembral Ⅰ | 81.8±2.8 | 79.9±2.8 |
身高坐高stature-sitting height | 52.9±1.3 | 53.6±1.6 | 身体质量BMI | 22.4±3.3 | 22.6±3.6 |
表5 黎族的体质指数
Tab.5 Body mass index of Li
指数index | 男性male | 女性female | 指数index | 男性male | 女性female |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
头长宽length- breadth of head | 82.0±5.9 | 82.6±5.3 | 身高体质量stature-weight | 367.8±56.1 | 345.1±56.3 |
头长高length-height of head | 67.1±5.4 | 67.4±5.2 | 身高胸围stature-chest cir | 53.1±4.2 | 55.3±4.8 |
头宽高breadth-height of head | 82.0±6.5 | 81.8±5.4 | 身高肩宽stature-shoulder breadth | 23.4±0.8 | 22.7±0.9 |
额顶宽度transverse frontoparietal | 74.2±4.2 | 74.3±3.7 | 身高骨盆宽stature -cristal | 17.2±0.9 | 18.2±1.0 |
容貌面physiognomic facial | 131.3±6.8 | 132.4±6.5 | 身高躯干前高 Stature supraster.notch above sit. Plane | 34.7±1.4 | 35.3±1.9 |
形态面morphological facial | 82.0±4.9 | 80.9±4.6 | 肩宽骨盆宽acromio-cristal | 73.6±4.1 | 80.1±4.4 |
头面宽transverse cephalo-facial | 95.0±4.2 | 93.7±3.3 | 马氏躯干腿长Manouvriers’ skelic | 89.1±4.6 | 86.9±5.2 |
头面高vertical cephalo-facial | 95.3±8.3 | 92.9±7.3 | 坐高下身长Sitting -lower extremity length | 1.1±0.1 | 1.2±0.1 |
颧额宽zygomatico-frontal | 78.2±4.4 | 79.3±3.3 | 身高指距stature-span | 103.3±2.6 | 102.3±2.7 |
鼻height-breadth of nose | 78.5±7.7 | 77.9±8.4 | 身高上肢长Stature-upper limb length | 44.3±1.2 | 44.0±1.4 |
口lip index | 33.9±7.5 | 34.2±6.4 | 身高下肢长Stature-lower limb length | 54.2±1.6 | 55.1±1.4 |
容貌耳physiognomic of ear | 49.3±3.4 | 50.9±4.7 | 上下肢长度intermembral Ⅰ | 81.8±2.8 | 79.9±2.8 |
身高坐高stature-sitting height | 52.9±1.3 | 53.6±1.6 | 身体质量BMI | 22.4±3.3 | 22.6±3.6 |
族群ethnic groups | 体脂肪率PBF | 躯干脂肪率 PTF | 内脏脂肪等级VFL | 右上肢脂肪率PRULF | 左上肢脂肪率PLULF | 右下肢脂肪率PRLLF | 左下肢脂肪率PLLLF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
男黎族Li men | 19.5±6.0 | 20.1±7.4 | 8.5±4.6 | 14.9±5.2 | 15.3±4.4 | 19.8±5.4 | 19.9±6.1 |
男锦州人Jinzhou men | 22.91 | 24.28 | 11.52±4.04 | 16.39 | 17.53 | 22.37 | 22.49 |
女黎族Li women | 31.2±7.0 | 30.0±8.7 | 5.2±2.6 | 27.1±7.8 | 28.8±7.6 | 33.6±5.3 | 33.6±5.0 |
女锦州人 | 31.75 | 30.86 | 6.19±3.31 | 27.53 | 28.89 | 33.94 | 33.91 |
表6 黎族与锦州汉族成人脂肪率的对比
Tab.6 Comparison of Li and Han in Jinzhou adult PBF
族群ethnic groups | 体脂肪率PBF | 躯干脂肪率 PTF | 内脏脂肪等级VFL | 右上肢脂肪率PRULF | 左上肢脂肪率PLULF | 右下肢脂肪率PRLLF | 左下肢脂肪率PLLLF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
男黎族Li men | 19.5±6.0 | 20.1±7.4 | 8.5±4.6 | 14.9±5.2 | 15.3±4.4 | 19.8±5.4 | 19.9±6.1 |
男锦州人Jinzhou men | 22.91 | 24.28 | 11.52±4.04 | 16.39 | 17.53 | 22.37 | 22.49 |
女黎族Li women | 31.2±7.0 | 30.0±8.7 | 5.2±2.6 | 27.1±7.8 | 28.8±7.6 | 33.6±5.3 | 33.6±5.0 |
女锦州人 | 31.75 | 30.86 | 6.19±3.31 | 27.53 | 28.89 | 33.94 | 33.91 |
族群 ethnic groups | 蒙古褶 MF | 上眼睑皱褶 EUE | 眼裂倾斜度 DE | 鼻根高度 NRH | 鼻背侧面观 NP | 上唇皮肤部高度 ULSH | 红唇厚度TL | 耳垂类型 LT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有yes | 有yes | 眼外角高EA | 低low | 直straight | 低low | 薄thin | 圆round | |
本文 | 38.2 | 90.8 | 80.2 | 12 | 75.5 | 22.2 | 32.6 | 56.8 |
1982 | 49.5 | 93.7 | 83.6 | 31.7 | 44.8 | 10.6 | 10.5 | 63.2 |
表7 本文黎族资料与1982年黎族资料的观察指标结果(%)
Tab.7 Results of observation index in this paper data and data of 1982 Li
族群 ethnic groups | 蒙古褶 MF | 上眼睑皱褶 EUE | 眼裂倾斜度 DE | 鼻根高度 NRH | 鼻背侧面观 NP | 上唇皮肤部高度 ULSH | 红唇厚度TL | 耳垂类型 LT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有yes | 有yes | 眼外角高EA | 低low | 直straight | 低low | 薄thin | 圆round | |
本文 | 38.2 | 90.8 | 80.2 | 12 | 75.5 | 22.2 | 32.6 | 56.8 |
1982 | 49.5 | 93.7 | 83.6 | 31.7 | 44.8 | 10.6 | 10.5 | 63.2 |
变量Parameter | 男male | 女female | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
黎族Li(2014) | 黎族Li(1982) | u -test | 黎族Li(2014) | 黎族Li(1982) | u -test | |
头长head length | 186.1±7.1 | 183.7±7.1 | 4.61** | 177.9±7.0 | 177.1±6.4 | 1.18 |
头宽head breadth | 152.3±7.9 | 147.3±6.0 | 9.46** | 146.6±6.7 | 142.0±6.2 | 7.01** |
额最小宽Min. frontal breadth | 112.8±5.3 | 105.7±4.3 | 19.65** | 108.8±4.4 | 103.8±3.6 | 12.53** |
面宽face breadth | 144.5±6.0 | 140.4±4.6 | 10.19** | 137.2±5.2 | 137.0±4.4 | 0.42 |
形态面高morphological facial ht. | 118.2±6.0 | 121.0±5.7 | 6.49** | 110.9±5.9 | 114.4±4.8 | 6.98** |
鼻宽nose breadth | 39.7±3.0 | 40.4±2.4 | 3.44** | 38.3±3.9 | 38.3±2.0 | 0.00 |
鼻高nose height | 50.8±3.1 | 54.9±4.0 | 16.05** | 49.3±2.9 | 52.2±3.8 | 7.94** |
口裂宽mouth breadth | 56.9±4.3 | 47.7±3.9 | 30.27** | 55.1±4.6 | 45.8±2.9 | 25.58** |
眼内角间宽interocular breadth | 39.7±3.2 | 38.1±2.9 | 7.08** | 38.0±2.9 | 37.8±2.3 | 0.77 |
身高stature | 1642.4±61.4 | 1630.1±52.4 | 2.89** | 1531.5±58.2 | 1540.0±40.6 | 1.76 |
坐高sitting height | 868.9±37.1 | 855.3±30.0 | 5.38** | 819.4±37.1 | 806.9±35.3 | 3.38** |
肩宽shoulder breadth | 383.4±17.7 | 370.6±17.0 | 10.02** | 347±16.9 | 349.9±15.5 | 1.76 |
骨盆宽cresta iliaca breadth | 281.8±14.7 | 265.9±14.2 | 14.95** | 277.6±15.4 | 263.8±17.2 | 8.03** |
表8 本文黎族资料与1982年资料测量指标和指数的比较
Tab.8 The Li measurement index and data comparison with the data of 1982
变量Parameter | 男male | 女female | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
黎族Li(2014) | 黎族Li(1982) | u -test | 黎族Li(2014) | 黎族Li(1982) | u -test | |
头长head length | 186.1±7.1 | 183.7±7.1 | 4.61** | 177.9±7.0 | 177.1±6.4 | 1.18 |
头宽head breadth | 152.3±7.9 | 147.3±6.0 | 9.46** | 146.6±6.7 | 142.0±6.2 | 7.01** |
额最小宽Min. frontal breadth | 112.8±5.3 | 105.7±4.3 | 19.65** | 108.8±4.4 | 103.8±3.6 | 12.53** |
面宽face breadth | 144.5±6.0 | 140.4±4.6 | 10.19** | 137.2±5.2 | 137.0±4.4 | 0.42 |
形态面高morphological facial ht. | 118.2±6.0 | 121.0±5.7 | 6.49** | 110.9±5.9 | 114.4±4.8 | 6.98** |
鼻宽nose breadth | 39.7±3.0 | 40.4±2.4 | 3.44** | 38.3±3.9 | 38.3±2.0 | 0.00 |
鼻高nose height | 50.8±3.1 | 54.9±4.0 | 16.05** | 49.3±2.9 | 52.2±3.8 | 7.94** |
口裂宽mouth breadth | 56.9±4.3 | 47.7±3.9 | 30.27** | 55.1±4.6 | 45.8±2.9 | 25.58** |
眼内角间宽interocular breadth | 39.7±3.2 | 38.1±2.9 | 7.08** | 38.0±2.9 | 37.8±2.3 | 0.77 |
身高stature | 1642.4±61.4 | 1630.1±52.4 | 2.89** | 1531.5±58.2 | 1540.0±40.6 | 1.76 |
坐高sitting height | 868.9±37.1 | 855.3±30.0 | 5.38** | 819.4±37.1 | 806.9±35.3 | 3.38** |
肩宽shoulder breadth | 383.4±17.7 | 370.6±17.0 | 10.02** | 347±16.9 | 349.9±15.5 | 1.76 |
骨盆宽cresta iliaca breadth | 281.8±14.7 | 265.9±14.2 | 14.95** | 277.6±15.4 | 263.8±17.2 | 8.03** |
[1] | 杨圣敏, 丁宏. 中国民族志[M]. 北京: 中央民族大学出版社, 2011: 354-359 |
[2] | 王自勉. 人体组成学[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2008 |
[3] | Mautaien C, Bagur A, Vega E, et al. Body composition in normal and osteoporotic women[J]. Medisina (B Aires), 1996,56:29-34 |
[4] |
Cummings SR, Nevitt MC, Browner WS, et al. Risk factors for hip fracture In white women: Study of osteoporotic fractures research group[J]. New England Journal of Medicine, 1995,332:767-773
doi: 10.1056/NEJM199503233321202 URL pmid: 7862179 |
[5] |
Ensrud KE, LIpschutz RC, Cruley JA, et al. Body size and hip fracture risk in olden women: A prospective study[J]. The American Journal of Medicine, 1997,103:274-280
doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(97)00025-9 URL pmid: 9382119 |
[6] |
Bovier WC, Wisweil RA, Pyka G, et al. Relationship of body composition,muscie strength, and aerobic capacity to bone mineral density in older men and women[J]. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 1989,4:421-432
doi: 10.1002/jbmr.5650040318 URL pmid: 2763878 |
[7] |
Lau EMC, Chan YH, Chan M, et al. Vertebral deformity in Chinese men: Prevalence, risk factors, bone mineral density, and body composition measurements[J]. Calcified Tissue International, 2000,66:47-52
doi: 10.1007/s002230050009 URL |
[8] |
Kotler DP, Wang J, PiersonR. Studies of body composition in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome[J]. AM J Clin Nutr, 1985,42:1255-1265
doi: 10.1093/ajcn/42.6.1255 URL pmid: 3865530 |
[9] | Going SB. Densitometry. In: Roche AF, Heyms field SB, Lohman TG (eds). Human Body Composition. Methods and Findings[C]. Champaign IL, USA: Human Kinetics, 1996, 3-24 |
[10] | Despres JP, Ross R, Lemieux S. Imaging techniques applied to the measurement of human body composition. In: Roche AF, Heymsfield SB, Lohman TG (eds). Human Body Composition: Methods and Findings[C]. Champaign IL,USA: Human Kinetics, 1996, 149-166 |
[11] | Forbes GB. Human Body Composition: Growth, Aging, Nutrition and Activity[M]. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1987,350 |
[12] | Lohman TG. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. In: Roche AF, Heymsfield SB, Lohman TG (eds). Human Body Composition Methods and Findings[C]. Champaign IL, USA: Human Kinetics, 1996, 63-78 |
[13] |
张海龙, 席焕久, 李文慧. 利用生物电阻抗法分析辽宁汉族成人脂肪分布特点[J]. 解剖学报, 2012,43(6):850-854
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2012.06.025 URL |
[14] |
张海龙, 席焕久, 付强, 等. 利用生物电阻抗法分析西藏藏族青少年脂肪分布特点[J]. 解剖学报, 2013,44(1):120-123
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2013.01.024 URL |
[15] | 郑连斌, 朱钦, 王树勋, 等. 达斡尔族成人的皮褶厚度及其年龄变化[J]. 人类学学报, 2003,22(1):45-50 |
[16] | 张振标, 张建军. 海南岛黎族体质特征之研究[J]. 人类学学报, 1982,1(1):53-71 |
[17] | 黄新美, 韦贵耀. 海南岛乐东县番阳区黎族体质特征的调查[J]. 中山大学学报:哲学社会科学版, 1986,15(3):121-126 |
[18] | 黄新美. 海南岛合亩区黎族近四十年来体质变化的探讨[J]. 中山大学学报, 1988,17(2):80-84 |
[19] | 杨电, 刘超, 彭汝标, 等. 南方汉族、黎族人群15个STR基因座频率调查[J]. 法医学杂志, 2002,18(4):207-212 |
[20] | 李冬娜, 区采莹, 陈路. 中国海南岛黎族3个支系小卫星MSY2多态位点的遗传学研究[J]. 海南医学院学报, 2003,9(2):87-89 |
[21] | 李冬娜, 应大君, 区采莹, 等. 中国海南岛三个黎族支系DYS287、DYS19的多态性研究[J]. 遗传, 2003,25(1):5-8 |
[22] | Li DN, Wang CC, Lu Y, et al. Three phases for the early peopling of Hainan Island viewed from mitochondrial DNA[J]. Journal of Systematics & Evolution, 2013,51(6):671-680 |
[23] |
Li DN, Li H, Qu CY, et al. Paternal Genetic Structure of Hainan Aborigines Isolated at the Entrance to East Asia[J]. PLoS One, 3(5):e2168. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002168
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002168 URL pmid: 18478090 |
[24] | 席焕久, 陈昭. 人体测量方法[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2010: 145-205 |
[25] | 王建中, 刘耀荃. 海南岛黎族社会调查( 上卷) [M]. 南宁: 广西民族出版社, 1992: 11-12 |
[1] | 李海军, 翁敏洁, 段琬琪, 刘力铭. 人类口唇部形态变异的研究进展[J]. 人类学学报, 2023, 42(01): 137-148. |
[2] | 李咏兰, 于会新, 郑连斌. 四十年来中国人活体测量研究的历程[J]. 人类学学报, 2023, 42(01): 149-160. |
[3] | 刘鑫, 张兴华, 宇克莉, 刘艳霞, 包金萍, 郑连斌. 生物电阻抗法测定广西京族的体成分[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(06): 1028-1036. |
[4] | 刘晓敏, 乌云达来, 李玉玲. 双生子多巴胺D3受体基因多态性对儿童体成分的影响[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(02): 274-281. |
[5] | 于会新, 李咏兰, 郑连斌, 张兴华, 宇克莉, 包金萍. 中国少数民族体成分的变化[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(01): 36-50. |
[6] | 于会新, 李咏兰, 郑连斌. 中国壮侗语族人群的肌肉分布及其与年龄的关系[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(06): 1012-1022. |
[7] | 宇克莉, 向小雪, 李咏兰, 张洪明, 杜慧敏. 中国夏尔巴人的体质特征研究[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(05): 801-810. |
[8] | 黄大元, 张惠娟, 田淼, 覃大保, 梁成青. 湖南土家族成人的皮褶厚度和体成分分析[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(05): 857-866. |
[9] | 包金萍, 郑连斌, 宇克莉, 贾亚兰. 基诺族体质特征及35年来体质的变化[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(02): 261-271. |
[10] | 向小雪, 杜慧敏, 宇克莉, 郑连斌. 门巴族、珞巴族与夏尔巴人身体成分特点及比较[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(01): 109-117. |
[11] | 宇克莉, 贾亚兰, 郑连斌. 布朗族成人的身体成分分析[J]. 人类学学报, 2020, 39(02): 261-269. |
[12] | 张兴华, 宇克莉, 杨亚军, 金丹, 任佳易, 董文静, 魏榆, 郑连斌. 中国白马人的体质特征[J]. 人类学学报, 2020, 39(01): 143-151. |
[13] | 宇克莉, 任佳易, 李咏兰, 郑连斌. 临高人的体质特征[J]. 人类学学报, 2019, 38(02): 276-284. |
[14] | 包金萍, 郑连斌, 席焕久, 李咏兰. 中国汉族人的皮下脂肪发育[J]. 人类学学报, 2019, 38(02): 285-291. |
[15] | 宇克莉;董文静;李咏兰;郑连斌. 四川凉山彝族的人体测量学[J]. 人类学学报, 2018, 37(03): 478-483. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||