新疆哈密七角井遗址2019年调查新发现

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0064

人类学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (06): 1086-1095.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0064cstr: 32091.14.j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0064

新疆哈密七角井遗址2019年调查新发现

冯玥¹(), 黄奋², 李文成¹, 邓婉文¹, 刘拓¹, 张家富³, 雷华蕊³, 于建军², 王幼平¹()

1.北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871
2.新疆自治区文物考古研究所,乌鲁木齐830011
3.北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871

收稿日期:2020-06-28 修回日期:2020-09-04 出版日期:2021-12-15 发布日期:2020-11-23
通讯作者: 王幼平
作者简介:冯玥,博士,主要从事旧石器时代考古学研究。 Email: fengyuearchaeology@pku.edu.cn
基金资助:
北京大学丝路重大考古发掘与丝路文明传承项目

New discoveries from the Qijiaojing site of Hami, Xijiang in 2019

FENG Yue¹(), HUANG Fen², LI Wencheng¹, DENG Wanwen¹, LIU Tuo¹, ZHANG Jiafu³, LEI Huarui³, YU jianjun², WANG Youping¹()

1. School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing 100871
2. Xinjiang Institute of Relics and Archaeology, Urumuqi 830011
3. College of Urban and Environmental Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871

Received:2020-06-28 Revised:2020-09-04 Online:2021-12-15 Published:2020-11-23
Contact: WANG Youping

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

七角井是新疆地区最早发现的细石器遗址,位于新疆维吾尔自治区哈密地区西北部、天山南麓东段的一处山间小盆地内。2019年调查首次在该遗址发现原生地层和一处保存较完整的活动面遗迹,遗址出土石制品847件,年代为1.1万年。分析显示,该遗址石制品以优质燧石为原料生产小石叶和细石叶,多为生产过程中的副产品;工具加工简单,体现出明显的权宜性特征;这些迹象表明遗址为一处打制石器的临时性活动场所。这一发现为探讨更新世末到全新世初中亚干旱区古人类适应方式与文化交流提供了重要材料。

关键词: 七角井, 细石器, 新疆, 露天遗址, 更新世, 全新世

Abstract:

Qijiaojing is the earliest discovered microblade site in Xinjiang, which is located in the northwestern part of Hami, at an intermountain basin south to the piedmont of eastern Tianshan. The survey in 2019 recovered an in situ locality with well-preserved living surface and 847 lithic artefacts, which were dated to about 11 ka by OSL. Lithic analysis suggested that bladelets and microblades were made with fine-grained flint, and the assemblage was mostly composed of by-products and debris, while tools were only slightly retouched, indicating that the locality was a short-term lithic workshop. This discovery provided important materials on the adaptation strategy of Arid Asia and cultural exchange between the east and the west during terminal Pleistocene and initial Holocene.

Key words: Qijiaojing site, Microblade, Xinjiang, Open-air site, Pleistocene, Holocene

中图分类号:

K876.2

冯玥, 黄奋, 李文成, 邓婉文, 刘拓, 张家富, 雷华蕊, 于建军, 王幼平. 新疆哈密七角井遗址2019年调查新发现[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(06): 1086-1095.

FENG Yue, HUANG Fen, LI Wencheng, DENG Wanwen, LIU Tuo, ZHANG Jiafu, LEI Huarui, YU jianjun, WANG Youping. New discoveries from the Qijiaojing site of Hami, Xijiang in 2019[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(06): 1086-1095.

图/表 7

图 1 七角井遗址位置、地貌与地层左上：七角井遗址位置Location of Qijiaojing site[审图号GS(2017)1268号];左中：地貌环境Landscape and environment;右上:新地点位置Newly discovered locality;下：新地点地层Stratigraphy

Fig.1 Location, landscape and stratigraphy of the Qijiaojing Site

表1 七角井遗址的光释光年代

Tab.1 OSL dates of the Qijiaojing Site

编号/ No.	地层/Layer	深度/Depth(m)	铀/ U(μg/g)	钍/ Th(μg/g)	钾百分含量/K content(%)	含水量/ Water content(%)	剂量率/ Dose rate (Gy/kaBP)	测量数/ Number of aliquots(n)	Ti-Li心等效剂量/Ti-Li center D_E(Gy)	年代/ Age(kaBP)
19HQ-1	2	0.16	1.85±0.05	7.38±0.05	1.70±0.07	10%	3.05±0.12	5	36.09±0.54	11.8±0.5
19HQ-2	3	0.25	2.03±0.06	8.16±0.23	1.50±0.05	10%	2.99±0.11	5	30.02±0.97	10.1±0.5

图2 探方内遗物分布图

Fig.2 Distribution of artifacts

图3 完整石片尺寸分布图

Fig.3 Size of Complete Flakes

表2 石制品分类统计表（单位：个）

Tab.2 Type of Lithics (Unit: n)

类型/ Types	探方内/In Unit	探方外/Out Unit	其他区域/Other Area	合计/ Total	比例/Percentage(%)
简单剥片石核/Flake Cores	1	0	3	4	0.47%
普通石片/Flakes	255	70	34	359	42.38%
小石叶/细石叶类/Bladelet/Microblade	104	41	22	167	19.72%
工具/Tools	3	6	6	15	1.77%
断块残片/Debris	234	45	23	302	35.66%
合计/Total	597	162	88	847	100%

图4 典型石器 1、2.单台面石核/Single-platform core (19HQ:26, 19HQ:14); 3. 小石叶石核残块/Broken bladelet core(19HQ:6); 4.石片/Flake (19HQ:4); 5.细石核/Microblade core (19HQ:8); 6. A类修理底缘石片/Wedge-trimming flake type A (19HQ:9); 7.B类修理底缘石片/Wedge-trimming flake type B (19HQ:17) ; 8.A类修理核身石片/Core-trimming flake type A (19HQ:13) ; 9.B类修理核身石片/Core-trimming flake type B (19HQ:7) ; 10.更新台面石片/Core tablet (19HQ:10); 11.更新剥片面石片/Rejuvenation flake (19HQ:20); 12. 凹缺器/Notch(19HQ:5); 13.琢背刀/Backed knife (19HQ:24); 14.箭镞/Arrowhead (19HQ:1); 15.锯齿刃器/Denticulate (19HQ:25)

Fig.4 Lithic Assemblage

图 5 小石叶和细石叶宽厚尺寸分布图

Fig.5 Width and Thickness of Bladelet /Microblade

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	Citation: Feng Y, Huang F, Li WC, et al. New discoveries from the Qijiaojing site of Hami, Xijiang in 2019[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(6):1086-1095

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新疆哈密七角井遗址2019年调查新发现

New discoveries from the Qijiaojing site of Hami, Xijiang in 2019

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