人类学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (05): 801-810.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0049cstr: 32091.14.j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0049
宇克莉1(), 向小雪1, 李咏兰2, 张洪明1, 杜慧敏1
收稿日期:
2019-07-01
修回日期:
2020-01-07
出版日期:
2021-10-15
发布日期:
2020-11-02
作者简介:
宇克莉(1963-),教授,主要从事人类群体遗传学研究。E-mail: 基金资助:
YU Keli1(), XIANG Xiaoxue1, LI Yonglan2, ZHANG Hongming1, DU Huimin1
Received:
2019-07-01
Revised:
2020-01-07
Online:
2021-10-15
Published:
2020-11-02
摘要:
为分析夏尔巴人的体质特征,2016年在西藏测量了182例(男性98例,女性84例)夏尔巴人成人的头面部及体部指标。运用Excel 2010和SPSS 21.0对数据进行统计分析。夏尔巴人的分析结果显示,根据头面部指标均数,夏尔巴人男性和女性属于圆头型、高头型、阔头型、中鼻型。根据体部指标均数,夏尔巴人男性和女性属于中躯干型、中肩型、窄骨盆型和亚中等身高,男性为亚长腿型,女性为中腿型。与其他族群对比发现,夏尔巴人体质特征与门巴族最接近,其次是珞巴族,属于藏彝走廊类型。国内目前尚无夏尔巴人的体质特征报道,本研究丰富了民族体质数据资料库,为研究夏尔巴人的族源提供了一定的数据支持。
中图分类号:
宇克莉, 向小雪, 李咏兰, 张洪明, 杜慧敏. 中国夏尔巴人的体质特征研究[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(05): 801-810.
YU Keli, XIANG Xiaoxue, LI Yonglan, ZHANG Hongming, DU Huimin. A study of physical characteristics of the Sherpas[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(05): 801-810.
指标 Variable | 男Male | 女Female | u值 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
头长(head length) | 187.7±6.2 | 184.0±5.6 | -4.2** | ||
头宽(head breadth) | 155.4±5.5 | 151.9±5.1 | -4.5** | ||
额最小宽(min. frontal breadth) | 109.2±5.6 | 106.6±5.2 | -3.2** | ||
面宽(face breadth) | 142.9±5.9 | 137.4±5.4 | -6.5** | ||
下颌角间宽(bigonial breadth) | 111.8±5.7 | 107.4±7.2 | -4.6** | ||
眼内角间宽(interocular breadth) | 33.7±2.9 | 32.6±3.1 | -2.3* | ||
眼外角间宽(external biocular breadth) | 93.6±6.1 | 90.2±5.6 | -3.9** | ||
鼻宽(nose breadth) | 38.0±2.8 | 35.4±2.9 | -6.2** | ||
口裂宽(mouth breadth) | 49.7±3.7 | 47.2±3.6 | -4.6** | ||
容貌面高(physiognomic facial ht) | 189.5±7.6 | 182.9±8.2 | -5.6** | ||
形态面高(morphological facial ht) | 118.3±6.5 | 112.8±6.0 | -6.0** | ||
鼻高(nose height) | 49.3±3.8 | 45.7±3.6 | -6.6** | ||
鼻长(nose length) | 45.8±3.7 | 42.1±3.3 | -7.0** | ||
上唇皮肤部高度(upper lip height) | 14.7±2.4 | 13.6±2.6 | -3.1** | ||
唇高(lip height) | 15.8±3.2 | 15.4±2.6 | -0.9 | ||
红唇厚度(thickness of lips) | 7.8±2.7 | 7.5±2.3 | -0.7 | ||
容貌耳长(physiognomic ear length) | 59.9±5.1 | 53.4±5.6 | -8.1** | ||
容貌耳宽(physiognomic ear breafth) | 36.2±4.0 | 33.9±4.0 | -3.8** | ||
耳上头高(auricular height) | 120.3±9.3 | 117.7±9.4 | -1.9 | ||
身高(stature) | 1609.4±52.8 | 1516.2±45.3 | -12.8** | ||
耳屏点高(tragion height) | 1489.1±51.3 | 1399.4±44.0 | -12.7** | ||
胸上缘高(suprasternal height) | 1321.3±46.1 | 1251.8±39.8 | -10.9** | ||
肩峰点高(acromion height) | 1310.1±46.7 | 1245.7±41.1 | -9.9** | ||
桡骨点高(radiale height) | 1006.3±38.2 | 960.3±31.8 | -8.9** | ||
茎突点高(radialestylion height) | 769.2±32.8 | 736.3±30.0 | -7.0** | ||
中指指尖点高(middle finger tip ht) | 596.6±31.4 | 580.3±26.3 | -3.8** | ||
髂前上棘点高(iliospinale anterior ht) | 898.4±32.4 | 866.6±34.0 | -6.4** | ||
胫骨上点高(tibial height) | 417.8±20.8 | 398.9±17.2 | -6.7** | ||
内踝下点高(height of foot) | 53.4±3.8 | 49.1±3.9 | -7.5** | ||
坐高(sitting height) | 846.8±35.1 | 805.0±33.9 | -8.1** | ||
躯干前高(ht.sup. notch above sit. plane) | 558.7±31.0 | 540.6±36.5 | -3.6** | ||
肩宽(shoulder breadth) | 365.9±17.6 | 334.3±16.0 | -12.6** | ||
骨盆宽(crestailiaca breadth) | 258.5±15.8 | 258.5±15.0 | 0.0 | ||
上肢全长(upper extremity length) | 713.4±26.2 | 666.5±35.8 | -9.9** | ||
全臂长(total arm length) | 540.9±23.6 | 508.6±28.7 | -8.2** | ||
上臂长(upper arm length) | 303.8±17.2 | 286.6±25.5 | -5.2** | ||
前臂长(forearm length) | 237.2±16.8 | 223.9±18.6 | -5.0** | ||
下肢全长(lower extremity length) | 866.8±30.6 | 842.2±31.7 | -5.3** | ||
全腿长(total leg length) | 811.2±30.6 | 784.8±32.0 | -5.7** | ||
大腿长(thigh length) | 447.0±24.7 | 435.4±29.8 | -2.8** | ||
小腿长(leg length) | 364.3±20.3 | 349.8±17.1 | -5.2** | ||
肱骨内外上髁间径(biep. breadth of humerus) | 64.7±3.4 | 60.7±6.3 | -5.3** | ||
股骨内外上髁间径(biep. breadth of femur) | 90.3±4.7 | 85.4±5.2 | -6.6** | ||
体质量(body weight)(kg) | 57.0±6.9 | 53.3±7.0 | -3.6** |
表1 夏尔巴人头面部与体部测量结果
Tab.1 The measurement results of head, face and body of Sherpas (X±D)
指标 Variable | 男Male | 女Female | u值 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
头长(head length) | 187.7±6.2 | 184.0±5.6 | -4.2** | ||
头宽(head breadth) | 155.4±5.5 | 151.9±5.1 | -4.5** | ||
额最小宽(min. frontal breadth) | 109.2±5.6 | 106.6±5.2 | -3.2** | ||
面宽(face breadth) | 142.9±5.9 | 137.4±5.4 | -6.5** | ||
下颌角间宽(bigonial breadth) | 111.8±5.7 | 107.4±7.2 | -4.6** | ||
眼内角间宽(interocular breadth) | 33.7±2.9 | 32.6±3.1 | -2.3* | ||
眼外角间宽(external biocular breadth) | 93.6±6.1 | 90.2±5.6 | -3.9** | ||
鼻宽(nose breadth) | 38.0±2.8 | 35.4±2.9 | -6.2** | ||
口裂宽(mouth breadth) | 49.7±3.7 | 47.2±3.6 | -4.6** | ||
容貌面高(physiognomic facial ht) | 189.5±7.6 | 182.9±8.2 | -5.6** | ||
形态面高(morphological facial ht) | 118.3±6.5 | 112.8±6.0 | -6.0** | ||
鼻高(nose height) | 49.3±3.8 | 45.7±3.6 | -6.6** | ||
鼻长(nose length) | 45.8±3.7 | 42.1±3.3 | -7.0** | ||
上唇皮肤部高度(upper lip height) | 14.7±2.4 | 13.6±2.6 | -3.1** | ||
唇高(lip height) | 15.8±3.2 | 15.4±2.6 | -0.9 | ||
红唇厚度(thickness of lips) | 7.8±2.7 | 7.5±2.3 | -0.7 | ||
容貌耳长(physiognomic ear length) | 59.9±5.1 | 53.4±5.6 | -8.1** | ||
容貌耳宽(physiognomic ear breafth) | 36.2±4.0 | 33.9±4.0 | -3.8** | ||
耳上头高(auricular height) | 120.3±9.3 | 117.7±9.4 | -1.9 | ||
身高(stature) | 1609.4±52.8 | 1516.2±45.3 | -12.8** | ||
耳屏点高(tragion height) | 1489.1±51.3 | 1399.4±44.0 | -12.7** | ||
胸上缘高(suprasternal height) | 1321.3±46.1 | 1251.8±39.8 | -10.9** | ||
肩峰点高(acromion height) | 1310.1±46.7 | 1245.7±41.1 | -9.9** | ||
桡骨点高(radiale height) | 1006.3±38.2 | 960.3±31.8 | -8.9** | ||
茎突点高(radialestylion height) | 769.2±32.8 | 736.3±30.0 | -7.0** | ||
中指指尖点高(middle finger tip ht) | 596.6±31.4 | 580.3±26.3 | -3.8** | ||
髂前上棘点高(iliospinale anterior ht) | 898.4±32.4 | 866.6±34.0 | -6.4** | ||
胫骨上点高(tibial height) | 417.8±20.8 | 398.9±17.2 | -6.7** | ||
内踝下点高(height of foot) | 53.4±3.8 | 49.1±3.9 | -7.5** | ||
坐高(sitting height) | 846.8±35.1 | 805.0±33.9 | -8.1** | ||
躯干前高(ht.sup. notch above sit. plane) | 558.7±31.0 | 540.6±36.5 | -3.6** | ||
肩宽(shoulder breadth) | 365.9±17.6 | 334.3±16.0 | -12.6** | ||
骨盆宽(crestailiaca breadth) | 258.5±15.8 | 258.5±15.0 | 0.0 | ||
上肢全长(upper extremity length) | 713.4±26.2 | 666.5±35.8 | -9.9** | ||
全臂长(total arm length) | 540.9±23.6 | 508.6±28.7 | -8.2** | ||
上臂长(upper arm length) | 303.8±17.2 | 286.6±25.5 | -5.2** | ||
前臂长(forearm length) | 237.2±16.8 | 223.9±18.6 | -5.0** | ||
下肢全长(lower extremity length) | 866.8±30.6 | 842.2±31.7 | -5.3** | ||
全腿长(total leg length) | 811.2±30.6 | 784.8±32.0 | -5.7** | ||
大腿长(thigh length) | 447.0±24.7 | 435.4±29.8 | -2.8** | ||
小腿长(leg length) | 364.3±20.3 | 349.8±17.1 | -5.2** | ||
肱骨内外上髁间径(biep. breadth of humerus) | 64.7±3.4 | 60.7±6.3 | -5.3** | ||
股骨内外上髁间径(biep. breadth of femur) | 90.3±4.7 | 85.4±5.2 | -6.6** | ||
体质量(body weight)(kg) | 57.0±6.9 | 53.3±7.0 | -3.6** |
指数Variable | 男Male | 女Female | u值 |
---|---|---|---|
头长宽(length- breadth index of head) | 82.9±3.3 | 82.6±3.2 | -0.5 |
头长高(length-height index of head) | 64.1±5.2 | 63.9±5.2 | -0.4 |
头宽高(breadth-height index of head) | 77.4±5.7 | 77.6±6.2 | 0.2 |
容貌面(physiognomic facial index) | 132.8±7.2 | 133.3±6.9 | 0.4 |
形态面(morphological facial index) | 82.9±5.1 | 82.2±4.6 | -1.1 |
头面宽(transverse cephalo-facial index) | 92.0±3.4 | 90.5±3.5 | -2.9** |
头面高(vertical cephalo-facial index) | 98.9±9.1 | 96.8±9.4 | -1.5 |
鼻(height-breadth index of nose) | 77.4±7.8 | 77.9±8.3 | 0.4 |
口(lip index) | 31.9±6.9 | 32.8±5.7 | 0.9 |
容貌耳(physiognomic index of ear) | 60.6±6.9 | 63.9±7.4 | 3.1** |
身高坐高(stature-sitting height index) | 52.6±1.5 | 53.1±1.9 | 1.9 |
身高体质量(stature-weight index) | 353.7±37.8 | 351.4±42.2 | -0.4 |
身高肩宽(stature-shoulder breadth index) | 22.7±0.9 | 22.1±1.0 | -4.9** |
身高骨盆宽(stature -cristal index) | 16.1±0.9 | 17.1±1.0 | 6.8** |
马氏躯干腿长(Manouvriers’ skelic index) | 90.2±5.5 | 88.3±6.1 | -2.2* |
坐高下身长(Sitting height-lower extremity length index) | 1.1±0.1 | 1.1±0.1 | 1.9 |
BMI | 22.0±2.2 | 23.2±2.7 | 3.2** |
表2 夏尔巴人头面部与体部各项指数
Tab.2 The indices of head, face and body of Sherpas (±S)
指数Variable | 男Male | 女Female | u值 |
---|---|---|---|
头长宽(length- breadth index of head) | 82.9±3.3 | 82.6±3.2 | -0.5 |
头长高(length-height index of head) | 64.1±5.2 | 63.9±5.2 | -0.4 |
头宽高(breadth-height index of head) | 77.4±5.7 | 77.6±6.2 | 0.2 |
容貌面(physiognomic facial index) | 132.8±7.2 | 133.3±6.9 | 0.4 |
形态面(morphological facial index) | 82.9±5.1 | 82.2±4.6 | -1.1 |
头面宽(transverse cephalo-facial index) | 92.0±3.4 | 90.5±3.5 | -2.9** |
头面高(vertical cephalo-facial index) | 98.9±9.1 | 96.8±9.4 | -1.5 |
鼻(height-breadth index of nose) | 77.4±7.8 | 77.9±8.3 | 0.4 |
口(lip index) | 31.9±6.9 | 32.8±5.7 | 0.9 |
容貌耳(physiognomic index of ear) | 60.6±6.9 | 63.9±7.4 | 3.1** |
身高坐高(stature-sitting height index) | 52.6±1.5 | 53.1±1.9 | 1.9 |
身高体质量(stature-weight index) | 353.7±37.8 | 351.4±42.2 | -0.4 |
身高肩宽(stature-shoulder breadth index) | 22.7±0.9 | 22.1±1.0 | -4.9** |
身高骨盆宽(stature -cristal index) | 16.1±0.9 | 17.1±1.0 | 6.8** |
马氏躯干腿长(Manouvriers’ skelic index) | 90.2±5.5 | 88.3±6.1 | -2.2* |
坐高下身长(Sitting height-lower extremity length index) | 1.1±0.1 | 1.1±0.1 | 1.9 |
BMI | 22.0±2.2 | 23.2±2.7 | 3.2** |
指数Index | 类型Type | 男Male | 女Female | 合计Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
头长宽 length- breadth index of head | 长头型dolichocephaly (71.0-75.9) | 1 | 1.0% | 3 | 3.6% | 4 | 2.2% |
中头型mesocephaly (76.0-80.9) | 28 | 28.6% | 21 | 25.0% | 49 | 26.9% | |
圆头型brachycephaly (81.0-85.4) | 42 | 42.9% | 50 | 59.5% | 92 | 50.5% | |
特圆头型hyperbrachycephaly (85.5-90.9) | 27 | 27.6% | 9 | 10.7% | 36 | 19.8% | |
超圆头型ultrabrachycephaly (≥91.0) | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.2% | 1 | 0.5% | |
头长高 length-height index of head | 低头型chamaecephalic type (≤57.9) | 13 | 13.3% | 11 | 13.1% | 24 | 13.2% |
正头型orthocephalic type (58.0-62.9) | 23 | 23.5% | 26 | 31.0% | 49 | 26.9% | |
高头型hypsicephalic type (≥63.0) | 62 | 63.3% | 47 | 56.0% | 109 | 59.9% | |
头宽高mbreadth-height index of head | 阔头型tapeinocephalic type (≤78.9) | 57 | 58.2% | 50 | 59.5% | 107 | 58.8% |
中头型metriocephalic type (79.0-84.9) | 34 | 34.7% | 28 | 33.3% | 62 | 34.1% | |
狭头型aerocephalic type (≥85.0) | 7 | 7.1% | 6 | 7.1% | 13 | 7.1% | |
形态面morphological facial index | 超阔面型hypereuryprosopy (male≤78.9, female≤75.9) | 17 | 17.4% | 15 | 17.9% | 32 | 17.6% |
阔面型euryprosopy (male 79.0-83.9, female 76.0-80.9) | 46 | 46.9% | 13 | 15.5% | 59 | 32.4% | |
中面型Mesoprosopy (male 84.0-87.9, female 81.0-84.9) | 18 | 18.4% | 33 | 39.3% | 51 | 28.0% | |
狭面型Leptoprosopy (male 88.0-92.9, female 85.0-89.9) | 14 | 14.3% | 20 | 23.8% | 34 | 18.7% | |
超狭面型hyperleptoprosopy (male≥93.0, female≥90.0) | 3 | 3.1% | 3 | 3.6% | 6 | 3.3% | |
鼻 height-breadth index of nose | 超狭鼻型hyperleptorrhiny (40.0-54.9) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
狭鼻型leptorrhiny (55.0-69.9) | 19 | 19.4% | 13 | 15.5% | 32 | 17.6% | |
中鼻型mesorrhiny (70.0-84.9) | 60 | 61.2% | 53 | 63.1% | 113 | 62.1% | |
阔鼻型chamaerrhiny (85.0-99.9) | 19 | 19.4% | 18 | 21.4% | 37 | 20.3% | |
身高坐高 stature-sitting height index | 短躯干型short trunk (male≤51.0, female≤52.0) | 12 | 12.2% | 20 | 23.8% | 32 | 17.6% |
中躯干型middle trunk (male 51.1-53.0, female 52.1-54.0) | 43 | 43.9% | 46 | 54.8% | 89 | 48.9% | |
长躯干型long trunk (male≥53.1, female≥54.1) | 43 | 43.9% | 18 | 21.4% | 61 | 33.5% | |
马氏躯干腿长Manouvriers’ skelic index | 超短腿型hyperbrachyskelic type (≤74.9) | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 2.4% | 2 | 1.1% |
短腿型brachyskelic type (75.0-79.9) | 3 | 3.1% | 1 | 1.2% | 4 | 2.2% | |
亚短腿型subbrachyskelic type (80.0-84.9) | 9 | 9.2% | 15 | 17.9% | 24 | 13.2% | |
中腿型mesatiskelic type (85.0-89.9) | 39 | 39.8% | 32 | 38.1% | 71 | 39.0% | |
亚长腿型submakroskelic type (90.0-94.9) | 29 | 29.6% | 26 | 31.0% | 55 | 30.2% | |
长腿型makroskelic type (95.0-99.9) | 13 | 13.3% | 8 | 9.5% | 21 | 11.5% | |
超长腿型hypermakroskelic type (≥100.0) | 5 | 5.1% | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 2.7% | |
身高肩宽stature-shoulder breadth index | 窄肩型narrow shoulder breadth (male≤21.9, female ≤21.4) | 19 | 19.4% | 23 | 27.4% | 42 | 23.1% |
中肩型medium shoulder breadth (male22.0-23.0,female 21.5-22.5) | 37 | 37.8% | 33 | 39.3% | 70 | 38.5% | |
宽肩型broad shoulder breadth (male≥23.1, female ≥22.6) | 42 | 42.9% | 28 | 33.3% | 70 | 38.5% | |
身高骨盆宽stature -cristal index | 窄骨盆型narrow distance between iliac crests (male ≤16.4, female≤17.4) | 64 | 65.3% | 54 | 64.3% | 118 | 64.8% |
中骨盆型medium distance between iliac crests (male 16.5-17.5, female 17.5-18.5) | 26 | 26.5% | 24 | 28.6% | 50 | 27.5% | |
宽骨盆型broad distance between iliac crests (male ≥17.6, female ≥18.6) | 8 | 8.2% | 6 | 7.1% | 14 | 7.7% | |
身高类型stature type | 很矮shortest (male≤1499, female≤1399) | 1 | 1.0% | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.5% |
矮short (male 1500-1599, female 1400-1489) | 43 | 43.9% | 22 | 26.2% | 65 | 35.7% | |
亚中等sub-middle (male 1600-1639, female 1490-1529) | 22 | 22.5% | 26 | 31.0% | 48 | 26.4% | |
中等middle (male 1640-1669, female 1530-1559) | 19 | 19.4% | 25 | 29.8% | 44 | 24.2% | |
超中等 super medium (male 1670-1699, female 1560-1589) | 10 | 10.2% | 6 | 7.1% | 16 | 8.8% | |
高tall (male 1700-1799, female 1590-1679) | 3 | 3.1% | 5 | 6.0% | 8 | 4.4% | |
很高tallest (male≥1800, female≥1680) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
表3 夏尔巴人头面部和体部指数分型及身高分型
Tab.3 The classifcation of indices of head, face, body and stature of Sherpas
指数Index | 类型Type | 男Male | 女Female | 合计Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
头长宽 length- breadth index of head | 长头型dolichocephaly (71.0-75.9) | 1 | 1.0% | 3 | 3.6% | 4 | 2.2% |
中头型mesocephaly (76.0-80.9) | 28 | 28.6% | 21 | 25.0% | 49 | 26.9% | |
圆头型brachycephaly (81.0-85.4) | 42 | 42.9% | 50 | 59.5% | 92 | 50.5% | |
特圆头型hyperbrachycephaly (85.5-90.9) | 27 | 27.6% | 9 | 10.7% | 36 | 19.8% | |
超圆头型ultrabrachycephaly (≥91.0) | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.2% | 1 | 0.5% | |
头长高 length-height index of head | 低头型chamaecephalic type (≤57.9) | 13 | 13.3% | 11 | 13.1% | 24 | 13.2% |
正头型orthocephalic type (58.0-62.9) | 23 | 23.5% | 26 | 31.0% | 49 | 26.9% | |
高头型hypsicephalic type (≥63.0) | 62 | 63.3% | 47 | 56.0% | 109 | 59.9% | |
头宽高mbreadth-height index of head | 阔头型tapeinocephalic type (≤78.9) | 57 | 58.2% | 50 | 59.5% | 107 | 58.8% |
中头型metriocephalic type (79.0-84.9) | 34 | 34.7% | 28 | 33.3% | 62 | 34.1% | |
狭头型aerocephalic type (≥85.0) | 7 | 7.1% | 6 | 7.1% | 13 | 7.1% | |
形态面morphological facial index | 超阔面型hypereuryprosopy (male≤78.9, female≤75.9) | 17 | 17.4% | 15 | 17.9% | 32 | 17.6% |
阔面型euryprosopy (male 79.0-83.9, female 76.0-80.9) | 46 | 46.9% | 13 | 15.5% | 59 | 32.4% | |
中面型Mesoprosopy (male 84.0-87.9, female 81.0-84.9) | 18 | 18.4% | 33 | 39.3% | 51 | 28.0% | |
狭面型Leptoprosopy (male 88.0-92.9, female 85.0-89.9) | 14 | 14.3% | 20 | 23.8% | 34 | 18.7% | |
超狭面型hyperleptoprosopy (male≥93.0, female≥90.0) | 3 | 3.1% | 3 | 3.6% | 6 | 3.3% | |
鼻 height-breadth index of nose | 超狭鼻型hyperleptorrhiny (40.0-54.9) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
狭鼻型leptorrhiny (55.0-69.9) | 19 | 19.4% | 13 | 15.5% | 32 | 17.6% | |
中鼻型mesorrhiny (70.0-84.9) | 60 | 61.2% | 53 | 63.1% | 113 | 62.1% | |
阔鼻型chamaerrhiny (85.0-99.9) | 19 | 19.4% | 18 | 21.4% | 37 | 20.3% | |
身高坐高 stature-sitting height index | 短躯干型short trunk (male≤51.0, female≤52.0) | 12 | 12.2% | 20 | 23.8% | 32 | 17.6% |
中躯干型middle trunk (male 51.1-53.0, female 52.1-54.0) | 43 | 43.9% | 46 | 54.8% | 89 | 48.9% | |
长躯干型long trunk (male≥53.1, female≥54.1) | 43 | 43.9% | 18 | 21.4% | 61 | 33.5% | |
马氏躯干腿长Manouvriers’ skelic index | 超短腿型hyperbrachyskelic type (≤74.9) | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 2.4% | 2 | 1.1% |
短腿型brachyskelic type (75.0-79.9) | 3 | 3.1% | 1 | 1.2% | 4 | 2.2% | |
亚短腿型subbrachyskelic type (80.0-84.9) | 9 | 9.2% | 15 | 17.9% | 24 | 13.2% | |
中腿型mesatiskelic type (85.0-89.9) | 39 | 39.8% | 32 | 38.1% | 71 | 39.0% | |
亚长腿型submakroskelic type (90.0-94.9) | 29 | 29.6% | 26 | 31.0% | 55 | 30.2% | |
长腿型makroskelic type (95.0-99.9) | 13 | 13.3% | 8 | 9.5% | 21 | 11.5% | |
超长腿型hypermakroskelic type (≥100.0) | 5 | 5.1% | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 2.7% | |
身高肩宽stature-shoulder breadth index | 窄肩型narrow shoulder breadth (male≤21.9, female ≤21.4) | 19 | 19.4% | 23 | 27.4% | 42 | 23.1% |
中肩型medium shoulder breadth (male22.0-23.0,female 21.5-22.5) | 37 | 37.8% | 33 | 39.3% | 70 | 38.5% | |
宽肩型broad shoulder breadth (male≥23.1, female ≥22.6) | 42 | 42.9% | 28 | 33.3% | 70 | 38.5% | |
身高骨盆宽stature -cristal index | 窄骨盆型narrow distance between iliac crests (male ≤16.4, female≤17.4) | 64 | 65.3% | 54 | 64.3% | 118 | 64.8% |
中骨盆型medium distance between iliac crests (male 16.5-17.5, female 17.5-18.5) | 26 | 26.5% | 24 | 28.6% | 50 | 27.5% | |
宽骨盆型broad distance between iliac crests (male ≥17.6, female ≥18.6) | 8 | 8.2% | 6 | 7.1% | 14 | 7.7% | |
身高类型stature type | 很矮shortest (male≤1499, female≤1399) | 1 | 1.0% | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.5% |
矮short (male 1500-1599, female 1400-1489) | 43 | 43.9% | 22 | 26.2% | 65 | 35.7% | |
亚中等sub-middle (male 1600-1639, female 1490-1529) | 22 | 22.5% | 26 | 31.0% | 48 | 26.4% | |
中等middle (male 1640-1669, female 1530-1559) | 19 | 19.4% | 25 | 29.8% | 44 | 24.2% | |
超中等 super medium (male 1670-1699, female 1560-1589) | 10 | 10.2% | 6 | 7.1% | 16 | 8.8% | |
高tall (male 1700-1799, female 1590-1679) | 3 | 3.1% | 5 | 6.0% | 8 | 4.4% | |
很高tallest (male≥1800, female≥1680) | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
指标Variable | 男性Male | 女性Female | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC-I | PC-II | PC-III | PC-I | PC-II | PC-III | |
头长(head length) | 0.366 | -0.307 | 0.804 | 0.217 | -0.264 | 0.851 |
头宽(head breadth) | 0.839 | -0.191 | -0.368 | 0.770 | -0.357 | -0.193 |
额最小宽(min. frontal breadth) | 0.536 | -0.354 | -0.371 | 0.511 | -0.483 | -0.235 |
面宽(face breadth) | 0.798 | -0.316 | 0.175 | 0.790 | -0.327 | 0.328 |
形态面高(morphological facial ht) | 0.661 | 0.662 | -0.012 | 0.559 | 0.718 | -0.146 |
鼻高(nose height) | 0.275 | 0.768 | -0.367 | 0.234 | 0.758 | -0.473 |
鼻宽(nose breadth) | -0.133 | 0.642 | 0.671 | -0.081 | 0.678 | 0.655 |
口裂宽(mouth breadth) | 0.116 | 0.817 | -0.054 | -0.022 | 0.790 | 0.183 |
眼内角间宽(interocular breadth) | 0.099 | -0.027 | 0.061 | 0.038 | 0.105 | -0.123 |
身高(stature) | 0.931 | 0.211 | -0.119 | 0.927 | 0.287 | -0.067 |
坐高(sitting height) | 0.872 | 0.237 | 0.126 | 0.850 | 0.348 | 0.137 |
肩宽(shoulder breadth) | 0.721 | -0.387 | -0.093 | 0.839 | -0.177 | -0.178 |
骨盆宽(crestailiaca breadth) | 0.796 | -0.083 | 0.428 | 0.791 | -0.108 | 0.221 |
表4 17个族群主成分分析指标载荷值
Tab.4 Contribution rate of 17 ethnic groups principal component analysis
指标Variable | 男性Male | 女性Female | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC-I | PC-II | PC-III | PC-I | PC-II | PC-III | |
头长(head length) | 0.366 | -0.307 | 0.804 | 0.217 | -0.264 | 0.851 |
头宽(head breadth) | 0.839 | -0.191 | -0.368 | 0.770 | -0.357 | -0.193 |
额最小宽(min. frontal breadth) | 0.536 | -0.354 | -0.371 | 0.511 | -0.483 | -0.235 |
面宽(face breadth) | 0.798 | -0.316 | 0.175 | 0.790 | -0.327 | 0.328 |
形态面高(morphological facial ht) | 0.661 | 0.662 | -0.012 | 0.559 | 0.718 | -0.146 |
鼻高(nose height) | 0.275 | 0.768 | -0.367 | 0.234 | 0.758 | -0.473 |
鼻宽(nose breadth) | -0.133 | 0.642 | 0.671 | -0.081 | 0.678 | 0.655 |
口裂宽(mouth breadth) | 0.116 | 0.817 | -0.054 | -0.022 | 0.790 | 0.183 |
眼内角间宽(interocular breadth) | 0.099 | -0.027 | 0.061 | 0.038 | 0.105 | -0.123 |
身高(stature) | 0.931 | 0.211 | -0.119 | 0.927 | 0.287 | -0.067 |
坐高(sitting height) | 0.872 | 0.237 | 0.126 | 0.850 | 0.348 | 0.137 |
肩宽(shoulder breadth) | 0.721 | -0.387 | -0.093 | 0.839 | -0.177 | -0.178 |
骨盆宽(crestailiaca breadth) | 0.796 | -0.083 | 0.428 | 0.791 | -0.108 | 0.221 |
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