郑州汪沟遗址仰韶文化居民的牙齿磨耗及口腔健康状况

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2019.0002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对汪沟遗址出土的174例仰韶文化居民的2816枚牙齿进行统计与分析,计算出牙齿的平均磨耗等级和前后部牙齿磨耗差别指数,统计特殊磨耗、龋齿、骨质隆起在样本中的出现率。结果显示,汪沟组牙齿平均磨耗等级为3.403262级,男性牙齿平均磨耗等级为3.63级,女性为3.61级;男女两性牙齿磨耗差异不显著（p>0.05);前后部牙齿磨耗差别指数比达到1:1;出现26例由于深覆牙合导致的特殊磨耗;臼齿咬合面凹坑式磨耗出现率为2.50%;龋齿患病率68.97%,龋齿率26.56%,龋均4.30;骨质隆起的出现率为5.20%,颌骨粗壮程度不显著。汪沟人群的牙齿磨耗程度总体偏轻,牙齿磨耗程度与河南下王岗组居民接近。基于以上特点,我们认为中原地区仰韶文化人群在饮食结构和用牙习惯上存在一定的共性。

关键词: 牙齿磨耗, 仰韶文化, 汪沟遗址

Abstract:

Abrasion in 2816 teeth from 174 Yangshao culture residents unearthed from the Wanggou site was observed and graded. The average tooth wear grade and the differential index of tooth wear in the anterior and posterior teeth were calculated. As well, the occurrence rates of special wear types, dental caries and mandibular/maxillary torus in the samples were determined. The results showed that the average tooth wear score of the Wanggou group was 3.4; that of males was 3.63, and that of females was 3.61. There was no significant difference in tooth wear between males and females (p>0.05). The ratio of tooth abrasion severity in the anterior vs. posterior teeth is 1:1. There were 26 cases of special wear caused by deep overbite. The incidence of pit-type abrasion on the occlusal surfaces of molars was 2.50%. The dental caries prevalence rate in Wanggou inhabitants was 68.97%; dental caries rate accounted for 26.56%, and total DMFT was 4.30. The occurrence rate of mandibular/maxillary torus was 5.20%, and the robustness of jaw bones was not significant. Tooth wear in the Wanggou population is generally light; the amount of tooth wear is close to that of the residents of the Xiawanggang population in Henan province. Based on the results of this research, we believe that the Yangshao culture people had some similarities in overall diet and dental habits with the Central Plains. This may reflect the fact that the region already had mature agricultural economy by 5000 years ago.

Key words: Tooth wear, Yangshao culture, Wanggou site

中图分类号:

Q983

周亚威, 张晓冉, 顾万发. 郑州汪沟遗址仰韶文化居民的牙齿磨耗及口腔健康状况[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(01): 49-62.

ZHOU Yawei, ZHANG Xiaoran, GU Wanfa. Teeth abrasion and health status of Yangshao culture residents in the Wanggou site, Zhengzhou[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(01): 49-62.

图/表 16

参考文献 35

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	男性Male	女性Female	性别不详Unknown	总数Total	上颌Upper jaw	下颌Lower jaw
个数(n)	80	81	13	174	144	155
牙数(n)	1366	1212	238	2816	1246	1570

	男性Male	女性Female	性别不详Unknown	总数Total	上颌Upper jaw	下颌Lower jaw
个数(n)	80	81	13	174	144	155
牙数(n)	1366	1212	238	2816	1246	1570

牙齿类别Tooth type	各磨耗级别出现率(frequencies of different wear stages, f )（%）								平均磨耗级别 Average tooth wears stage
牙齿类别Tooth type	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	平均磨耗级别 Average tooth wears stage
I¹	3.6	40.0	21.8	21.8	9.1	1.8	1.8	0.0	3.1
I²	19.7	53.0	7.6	9.1	6.1	3.0	1.5	0.0	2.4
C	5.5	21.1	28.4	22.0	18.3	3.7	0.9	0.0	3.4
P¹	5.5	30.7	21.3	21.3	5.5	14.2	0.8	0.8	3.3
P²	0.0	38.1	23.0	13.5	7.9	11.9	5.6	0.0	3.5
M¹	0.0	12.9	31.3	22.1	18.4	8.6	5.5	1.2	3.0
M²	1.4	17.7	34.0	28.6	9.5	3.4	5.4	0.0	3.6
M³	20.8	16.9	45.5	7.8	5.2	2.6	1.3	0.0	2.7
I₁	1.1	8.0	39.8	21.6	18.2	8.0	3.4	0.0	3.9
I₂	1.7	29.4	25.2	19.3	18.5	4.2	1.7	0.0	3.4
C	6.1	15.6	30.6	18.4	18.4	4.1	6.1	0.7	3.6
P₁	1.6	25.0	26.1	25.5	7.6	10.3	3.3	0.5	3.5
P₂	4.2	34.2	22.1	23.2	6.3	6.8	3.2	0.0	3.3
M₁	0.5	9.0	29.7	26.4	16.5	10.4	6.6	0.9	4.0
M₂	1.1	8.2	31.3	33.0	12.1	9.3	3.8	1.1	3.9
M₃	13.6	12.6	30.1	18.4	12.6	5.8	5.8	1.0	3.4

牙齿类别Tooth type	各磨耗级别出现率(frequencies of different wear stages, f )（%）								平均磨耗级别 Average tooth wears stage
牙齿类别Tooth type	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	平均磨耗级别 Average tooth wears stage
I¹	3.6	40.0	21.8	21.8	9.1	1.8	1.8	0.0	3.1
I²	19.7	53.0	7.6	9.1	6.1	3.0	1.5	0.0	2.4
C	5.5	21.1	28.4	22.0	18.3	3.7	0.9	0.0	3.4
P¹	5.5	30.7	21.3	21.3	5.5	14.2	0.8	0.8	3.3
P²	0.0	38.1	23.0	13.5	7.9	11.9	5.6	0.0	3.5
M¹	0.0	12.9	31.3	22.1	18.4	8.6	5.5	1.2	3.0
M²	1.4	17.7	34.0	28.6	9.5	3.4	5.4	0.0	3.6
M³	20.8	16.9	45.5	7.8	5.2	2.6	1.3	0.0	2.7
I₁	1.1	8.0	39.8	21.6	18.2	8.0	3.4	0.0	3.9
I₂	1.7	29.4	25.2	19.3	18.5	4.2	1.7	0.0	3.4
C	6.1	15.6	30.6	18.4	18.4	4.1	6.1	0.7	3.6
P₁	1.6	25.0	26.1	25.5	7.6	10.3	3.3	0.5	3.5
P₂	4.2	34.2	22.1	23.2	6.3	6.8	3.2	0.0	3.3
M₁	0.5	9.0	29.7	26.4	16.5	10.4	6.6	0.9	4.0
M₂	1.1	8.2	31.3	33.0	12.1	9.3	3.8	1.1	3.9
M₃	13.6	12.6	30.1	18.4	12.6	5.8	5.8	1.0	3.4

上颌Upper jaw	I¹	I²	C	P¹	P²	M¹	M²	M³
n	108	127	181	180	182	191	167	110
	3.1	2.4	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.0	3.6	2.7
S	1.22	1.42	1.30	1.55	1.58	1.42	1.31	1.29
下颌Lower jaw	I₁	I₂	C	P₁	P₂	M₁	M₂	M₃
n	139	176	206	222	234	235	213	145
	3.9	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.3	4.0	3.9	3.4
S	1.32	1.33	1.50	1.44	1.35	1.40	1.31	1.68