门巴族、珞巴族与夏尔巴人身体成分特点及比较

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2019.0014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究门巴族、珞巴族和夏尔巴人的身体成分特点,2016年在西藏采用生物电阻抗法测量了门巴族276例（男性为98例,女性为178例）、珞巴族93例（男性为34例,女性为59例）和夏尔巴人181例（男性为97例,女性为84例）的19项身体成分指标。运用Excel2003和SPSS19对各项指标进行统计学分析。结果显示,门巴族女性和珞巴族女性体脂率均值处于肥胖范围。门巴族男性内脏脂肪等级均数为10.26,属于内脏肥胖型,这可能会导致相关疾病的高发。门巴族与珞巴族男性身体成分具有明显的一致性,且与藏族、木雅人男性接近。3个族群女性肌肉量接近,夏尔巴人男性肌肉量低于门巴族和珞巴族,但夏尔巴人体重轻,肌肉率远高于门巴族和珞巴族。目前国内对门巴族、珞巴族和夏尔巴人的体成分研究尚处于空白。此次调查研究,丰富了西藏地区人群的体质数据,对提高营养健康水平和身体素质具有一定参考意义。

关键词: 西藏, 生物人类学, 种族, 身体成分

Abstract:

In 2016, we used bioelectrical impedance methods to measure the 19 body composition indicators in 276 Monba (98 males; 178 females), 93 Lhoba (34 males; 59 females) and 181 Sherpa (97 males; 84 females). Excel 2003 and SPSS 19 were used to analysis the data. Results show that the average body fat percentages of Monba and Lhoba females are in the obese range, with the Monba having a visceral fat rating of 10.26, which may cause a higher incidence of related diseases. Monba and Lhoba males have significant coherence in physical components, and are similar to Tibetan and Muyag males. The muscle mass of these three ethnic groups (Monba, Lhoba and Sherpa) is similar. Male Sherpa muscle mass is less than found in the Monba and Lhoba, but the Sherpa is lighter, and the muscle rate is much higher than in the Monba and Lhoba. At present, this research on body composition indicators of the Monba, Lhoba and Sherpa is still in its infancy, but this analysis certainly has enriched the physical data of Tibetan populations leading to significantly improving the nutritional health and physical quality of these people.

Key words: Tibet, Biological anthropology, Ethnicity, Body composition

中图分类号:

Q984

向小雪, 杜慧敏, 宇克莉, 郑连斌. 门巴族、珞巴族与夏尔巴人身体成分特点及比较[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(01): 109-117.

XIANG Xiaoxue, DU Huimin, YU Keli, ZHENG Lianbin. Characteristics and comparison of body composition of the Monba, Lhoba and Sherpa peoples[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(01): 109-117.

图/表 4

参考文献 27

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指标Index	门巴族Monba		珞巴族Lhoba		夏尔巴人Sherpa		t检验
指标Index	±δ	r	±δ	r	±δ	r	t检验
体质量m_bd(kg)	63.94±9.67	0.188	65.34±11.67	-0.020	57.01±6.95	-0.305^**	bc
身高h (mm)	1621.30±58.93	-0.354^**	1659.74±58.84	-0.341^*	1608.90±52.82	-0.454^**	ab
体脂率p_bf	21.39%±5.80%	0.479^**	20.82%±5.65%	0.229	15.93%±4.12%	0.179	bc
总肌肉量m_tb(kg)	47.33±5.30	-0.090	48.54±5.90	-0.153	45.26±4.54	-0.457^**	bc
推定骨量m_eb(kg)	2.61±0.28	-0.096	2.66±0.31	-0.118	2.50±0.24	-0.456^**	bc
体质量指数I_bm(kg/ m²)	24.25±3.28	0.373^**	23.62±3.56	0.118	22.03±2.27	-0.042	bc
热量t_em(kcal)	2084.05±266.21	-0.250^*	2138.26±288.47	-0.239	1972.54±223.64	-0.590^**	bc
水分率p_bw	54.03%±4.60%	-0.251^*	53.58%±4.64%	-0.028	58.84%±3.96%	0.086	bc
内脏脂肪等级l_vf	10.26±4.80	0.716^**	9.06±4.23	0.505^**	6.32±3.66	0.491^**	bc
右上肢脂肪率p_ru	15.98%±3.92%	0.372^**	15.29%±4.26%	0.14	12.32%±2.85%	0.023	bc
右上肢肌肉量m_ru(kg)	2.47±0.39	-0.050	2.57±0.42	-0.103	2.46±0.44	-0.194
左上肢脂肪率p_lu	16.93%±3.44%	0.367^**	16.05%±3.91%	0.097	13.58%±2.88%	-0.018	bc
左上肢肌肉量m_lu(kg)	2.30±0.35	0.007	2.40±0.33	-0.083	2.25±0.35	-0.235^*	b
右下肢脂肪率p_rl	21.33%±4.08%	0.284^**	21.75%±4.17%	0.062	17.71%±3.45%	-0.197	bc
右下肢肌肉量m_rl(kg)	8.47±1.42	0.099	8.31±1.26	-0.024	7.92±1.05	-0.210^*	c
左下肢脂肪率p_ll	21.43%±3.96%	0.274^**	21.94%±3.92%	0.055	17.91%±3.20%	-0.111	bc
左下肢肌肉量m_ll(kg)	8.34±1.42	0.114	8.19±1.27	-0.002	7.84±1.00	-0.279^**	c
躯干脂肪率p_tf	22.31%±7.51%	0.550^**	21.13%±6.98%	0.287	15.29%±5.43%	0.315^**	bc
躯干肌肉量m_tm(kg)	25.69±2.36	-0.357^**	27.00±2.87	-0.256	24.77±2.23	-0.625^**	abc
肌肉率p_bm	74.59%±8.11%	-0.492^**	75.05%±5.34%	-0.224	79.66%±3.88%	-0.013	bc

指标Index	门巴族Monba		珞巴族Lhoba		夏尔巴人Sherpa		t检验
指标Index	±δ	r	±δ	r	±δ	r	t检验
体质量m_bd(kg)	63.94±9.67	0.188	65.34±11.67	-0.020	57.01±6.95	-0.305^**	bc
身高h (mm)	1621.30±58.93	-0.354^**	1659.74±58.84	-0.341^*	1608.90±52.82	-0.454^**	ab
体脂率p_bf	21.39%±5.80%	0.479^**	20.82%±5.65%	0.229	15.93%±4.12%	0.179	bc
总肌肉量m_tb(kg)	47.33±5.30	-0.090	48.54±5.90	-0.153	45.26±4.54	-0.457^**	bc
推定骨量m_eb(kg)	2.61±0.28	-0.096	2.66±0.31	-0.118	2.50±0.24	-0.456^**	bc
体质量指数I_bm(kg/ m²)	24.25±3.28	0.373^**	23.62±3.56	0.118	22.03±2.27	-0.042	bc
热量t_em(kcal)	2084.05±266.21	-0.250^*	2138.26±288.47	-0.239	1972.54±223.64	-0.590^**	bc
水分率p_bw	54.03%±4.60%	-0.251^*	53.58%±4.64%	-0.028	58.84%±3.96%	0.086	bc
内脏脂肪等级l_vf	10.26±4.80	0.716^**	9.06±4.23	0.505^**	6.32±3.66	0.491^**	bc
右上肢脂肪率p_ru	15.98%±3.92%	0.372^**	15.29%±4.26%	0.14	12.32%±2.85%	0.023	bc
右上肢肌肉量m_ru(kg)	2.47±0.39	-0.050	2.57±0.42	-0.103	2.46±0.44	-0.194
左上肢脂肪率p_lu	16.93%±3.44%	0.367^**	16.05%±3.91%	0.097	13.58%±2.88%	-0.018	bc
左上肢肌肉量m_lu(kg)	2.30±0.35	0.007	2.40±0.33	-0.083	2.25±0.35	-0.235^*	b
右下肢脂肪率p_rl	21.33%±4.08%	0.284^**	21.75%±4.17%	0.062	17.71%±3.45%	-0.197	bc
右下肢肌肉量m_rl(kg)	8.47±1.42	0.099	8.31±1.26	-0.024	7.92±1.05	-0.210^*	c
左下肢脂肪率p_ll	21.43%±3.96%	0.274^**	21.94%±3.92%	0.055	17.91%±3.20%	-0.111	bc
左下肢肌肉量m_ll(kg)	8.34±1.42	0.114	8.19±1.27	-0.002	7.84±1.00	-0.279^**	c
躯干脂肪率p_tf	22.31%±7.51%	0.550^**	21.13%±6.98%	0.287	15.29%±5.43%	0.315^**	bc
躯干肌肉量m_tm(kg)	25.69±2.36	-0.357^**	27.00±2.87	-0.256	24.77±2.23	-0.625^**	abc
肌肉率p_bm	74.59%±8.11%	-0.492^**	75.05%±5.34%	-0.224	79.66%±3.88%	-0.013	bc

指标Index	门巴族Monba		珞巴族Lhoba		夏尔巴人Sherpa		t检验
指标Index	±δ	r	±δ	r	±δ	r	t检验
体质量m_bd(kg)	61.26±10.52	0.004	58.13±9.95	0.097	53.32±6.96	0.089	abc
身高h (mm)	1510.33±56.83	-0.235^**	1524.8±57.82	-0.23	1516.24±45.26	-0.095
体脂率p_bf	38.30%±6.26%	0.204^**	35.15%±6.81%	0.238	30.56%±5.90%	0.088	abc
总肌肉量m_tb(kg)	35.11±3.40	-0.191^*	35.03±3.25	-0.107	34.86±2.61	-0.004
推定骨量m_eb(kg)	2.10±0.32	-0.187^*	2.09±0.31	-0.116	2.07±0.25	0.003
体质量指数I_bm(kg/ m²)	26.75±3.99	0.116	24.95±3.76	0.213	23.06±2.57	0.133	abc
热量t_em(kcal)	1712.37±199.33	-0.285^**	1689.44±186.66	-0.192	1653.29±140.31	-0.247^*	c
水分率p_bw	45.55%±4.01%	-0.061	47.86%±5.52%	-0.066	51.03%±3.70%	0.116	abc
内脏脂肪等级l_vf	7.49±2.47	0.427^**	6.31±2.53	0.467^**	5.17±2.09	0.565^**	abc
右上肢脂肪率p_ru	35.23%±7.11%	0.135	31.56%±8.43%	0.140	26.81%±7.01%	-0.028	abc
右上肢肌肉量m_ru(kg)	1.74±0.31	-0.049	1.71±0.38	0.023	1.73±0.35	0.217^*
左上肢脂肪率p_lu	36.54%±6.60%	0.111	32.91%±7.36%	0.113	29.23%±5.62%	0.192	abc
左上肢肌肉量m_lu(kg)	1.62±0.27	0.016	1.63±0.30	0.206	1.64±0.52	0.378^**
右下肢脂肪率p_rl	38.60%±4.42%	0.126	36.87%±4.43%	0.205	33.88%±3.30%	0.062	abc
右下肢肌肉量m_rl(kg)	6.07±0.67	-0.081	5.80±0.53	0.009	6.02±0.54	0.224^*	ab
左下肢脂肪率p_ll	38.41%±4.18%	0.100	36.71%±4.31%	0.217	33.75%±4.01%	0.069	abc
左下肢肌肉量m_ll(kg)	5.93±0.69	-0.017	5.71±0.58	-0.032	5.94±0.56	0.150	ab
躯干脂肪率p_tf	38.58%±7.66%	0.243^**	34.51%±8.56%	0.264^*	28.80%±6.67%	0.207	abc
躯干肌肉量m_tm(kg)	19.85±2.41	-0.197^**	20.16±2.00	-0.219	19.49±1.52	-0.198	b
肌肉率p_bm	58.45%±6.83%	-0.859^**	61.23%±6.52%	-0.052	65.96%±5.94%	-0.125	abc

指标Index	门巴族Monba		珞巴族Lhoba		夏尔巴人Sherpa		t检验
指标Index	±δ	r	±δ	r	±δ	r	t检验
体质量m_bd(kg)	61.26±10.52	0.004	58.13±9.95	0.097	53.32±6.96	0.089	abc
身高h (mm)	1510.33±56.83	-0.235^**	1524.8±57.82	-0.23	1516.24±45.26	-0.095
体脂率p_bf	38.30%±6.26%	0.204^**	35.15%±6.81%	0.238	30.56%±5.90%	0.088	abc
总肌肉量m_tb(kg)	35.11±3.40	-0.191^*	35.03±3.25	-0.107	34.86±2.61	-0.004
推定骨量m_eb(kg)	2.10±0.32	-0.187^*	2.09±0.31	-0.116	2.07±0.25	0.003
体质量指数I_bm(kg/ m²)	26.75±3.99	0.116	24.95±3.76	0.213	23.06±2.57	0.133	abc
热量t_em(kcal)	1712.37±199.33	-0.285^**	1689.44±186.66	-0.192	1653.29±140.31	-0.247^*	c
水分率p_bw	45.55%±4.01%	-0.061	47.86%±5.52%	-0.066	51.03%±3.70%	0.116	abc
内脏脂肪等级l_vf	7.49±2.47	0.427^**	6.31±2.53	0.467^**	5.17±2.09	0.565^**	abc
右上肢脂肪率p_ru	35.23%±7.11%	0.135	31.56%±8.43%	0.140	26.81%±7.01%	-0.028	abc
右上肢肌肉量m_ru(kg)	1.74±0.31	-0.049	1.71±0.38	0.023	1.73±0.35	0.217^*
左上肢脂肪率p_lu	36.54%±6.60%	0.111	32.91%±7.36%	0.113	29.23%±5.62%	0.192	abc
左上肢肌肉量m_lu(kg)	1.62±0.27	0.016	1.63±0.30	0.206	1.64±0.52	0.378^**
右下肢脂肪率p_rl	38.60%±4.42%	0.126	36.87%±4.43%	0.205	33.88%±3.30%	0.062	abc
右下肢肌肉量m_rl(kg)	6.07±0.67	-0.081	5.80±0.53	0.009	6.02±0.54	0.224^*	ab
左下肢脂肪率p_ll	38.41%±4.18%	0.100	36.71%±4.31%	0.217	33.75%±4.01%	0.069	abc
左下肢肌肉量m_ll(kg)	5.93±0.69	-0.017	5.71±0.58	-0.032	5.94±0.56	0.150	ab
躯干脂肪率p_tf	38.58%±7.66%	0.243^**	34.51%±8.56%	0.264^*	28.80%±6.67%	0.207	abc
躯干肌肉量m_tm(kg)	19.85±2.41	-0.197^**	20.16±2.00	-0.219	19.49±1.52	-0.198	b
肌肉率p_bm	58.45%±6.83%	-0.859^**	61.23%±6.52%	-0.052	65.96%±5.94%	-0.125	abc

指标Index	门巴族 Monba	珞巴族 Lhoba	夏尔巴人 Sherpa	拉萨藏族Tibetan in Lhasa	那曲藏族Tibetan in Nahqu	木雅人Muyag	u检验
身高h (mm)	1621.3±58.9	1659.7±58.8	1608.9±52.8	1682.5±67.3		1641.0±45.3	acdgi
体质量m_bd(kg)	63.9±9.7	65.3±11.7	57.0±7.0	65.4±12.1		63.4±10.7	i
体质量指数I_bm (kg/m²)	24.3±3..3	23.6±3.6	22.0±2.3	23.1±4.2	24.1±3.8	23.8±3.7	aghi
肌肉量m_tb(kg)	47.3±5.3	48.5±5.9	45.3±4.5	49.3±5.8	50.8±5.5	47.1±5.9	abeghi
体脂率p_bf	21.4%±5.8%	20.8%±5.7%	15.9%±4.1%	19.3%±7.7%	21.3%±6.6%	21.7%±5.2%	aghi
推定骨量m_eb(kg)	2.6±0.3	2.7±0.3	2.5±0.2	2.7±0.3	2.8±0.3	2.6±0.3	abghi
内脏脂肪等级l_vf	10.3±4.8	9.1±4.2	6.3±3.7		9.6±4.8	10.0±3.9	hi