性病梅毒的古病理学研究回顾

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0070

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在抗生素诞生以前的历史时期,密螺旋体属疾病蔓延于新旧大陆,是继免疫缺陷综合症之前人类无法治愈的性传染疾病。密螺旋体类疾病可分为：性病梅毒、地方性梅毒、雅司病、品他病4种。除品他外的3种疾病均会使骨骼发生特异性感染,最终造成骨骼形态上的特殊改变,其中以梅毒所造成的影响最为显著。考虑到目前国内尚未有学者对性病梅毒所引起的骨变异进行研究,本文通过梳理国外关于梅毒的古病理学研究成果,对性病梅毒的鉴定标准及起源等问题进行阐述。

关键词: 梅毒, 密螺旋体, 干性骨疽, 古病理, 疾病传播

Abstract:

In the historical period before the birth of antibiotics, the treponematosis spread to the old and new continents, which is an incurable sexually transmitted disease in humans before immune deficiency syndrome. Treponematosis can be divided into four diseases: syphilis, endemic syphilis, yaws, and pinta. All three diseases except pinta can cause specific infection of bone and eventually cause special changes in bone morphology. Considering that there are no scholars in China to study the bone degeneration caused by syphilis, this paper expounds the identification standard and origin of syphilis by combing the paleopathology research results of syphilis abroad.

Key words: Syphilis, Treponemiasis, caries sicea, paleopathology, disease transmission

中图分类号:

Q983

周亚威, 高国帅. 性病梅毒的古病理学研究回顾[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(01): 157-168.

ZHOU Yawei, GAO Guoshuai. A preliminary study on the related problems of syphilis paleopathology[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2022, 41(01): 157-168.

图/表 6

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	品他病Pinta	雅司病Yaws	地方性梅毒 Endemic syphilis	性病梅毒Venereal syphilis
病原体pathogen	品他密螺旋体	苍白密螺旋体极细亚种	苍白密螺旋体地方亚种	苍白密螺旋体苍白亚种
地理分布Geographical distribution	中南美洲的土著人口	非洲、南美洲、加勒比海、东南亚的温暖潮湿的热带地区和一些太平洋岛屿	中东、波斯尼亚、保加利亚和博茨瓦纳的农村以及非洲的萨赫勒地区	全球分布（人口集中的地区）
古病理特征Paleopathological features	不涉及骨骼	骨膜骨炎累及长骨和手足部的骨骼,表现为手指的多指炎和上颌鼻突肥厚性骨炎。鼻骨增殖性骨膜炎和“马刀胫(saber shin)”	骨骼和软骨受严重的破坏,特别是鼻子和腭部。肢骨可能呈现与雅司相同的骨膜炎	颅顶骨干性骨疽(caries sicca),面部骨骼尤其鼻骨受损,肢骨骨膜炎及骨髓炎累及长骨或手足部骨骼,关节受损呈现“夏科氏关节(charcot joint)”,胫骨中“马刀胫(saber shin)”常见

	品他病Pinta	雅司病Yaws	地方性梅毒 Endemic syphilis	性病梅毒Venereal syphilis
病原体pathogen	品他密螺旋体	苍白密螺旋体极细亚种	苍白密螺旋体地方亚种	苍白密螺旋体苍白亚种
地理分布Geographical distribution	中南美洲的土著人口	非洲、南美洲、加勒比海、东南亚的温暖潮湿的热带地区和一些太平洋岛屿	中东、波斯尼亚、保加利亚和博茨瓦纳的农村以及非洲的萨赫勒地区	全球分布（人口集中的地区）
古病理特征Paleopathological features	不涉及骨骼	骨膜骨炎累及长骨和手足部的骨骼,表现为手指的多指炎和上颌鼻突肥厚性骨炎。鼻骨增殖性骨膜炎和“马刀胫(saber shin)”	骨骼和软骨受严重的破坏,特别是鼻子和腭部。肢骨可能呈现与雅司相同的骨膜炎	颅顶骨干性骨疽(caries sicca),面部骨骼尤其鼻骨受损,肢骨骨膜炎及骨髓炎累及长骨或手足部骨骼,关节受损呈现“夏科氏关节(charcot joint)”,胫骨中“马刀胫(saber shin)”常见