人类学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (01): 157-168.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0070
收稿日期:
2020-08-03
出版日期:
2022-02-15
发布日期:
2020-11-25
作者简介:
周亚威,教授,主要从事人骨考古研究。Email: 基金资助:
Received:
2020-08-03
Online:
2022-02-15
Published:
2020-11-25
摘要:
在抗生素诞生以前的历史时期,密螺旋体属疾病蔓延于新旧大陆,是继免疫缺陷综合症之前人类无法治愈的性传染疾病。密螺旋体类疾病可分为:性病梅毒、地方性梅毒、雅司病、品他病4种。除品他外的3种疾病均会使骨骼发生特异性感染,最终造成骨骼形态上的特殊改变,其中以梅毒所造成的影响最为显著。考虑到目前国内尚未有学者对性病梅毒所引起的骨变异进行研究,本文通过梳理国外关于梅毒的古病理学研究成果,对性病梅毒的鉴定标准及起源等问题进行阐述。
中图分类号:
周亚威, 高国帅. 性病梅毒的古病理学研究回顾[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(01): 157-168.
ZHOU Yawei, GAO Guoshuai. A preliminary study on the related problems of syphilis paleopathology[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2022, 41(01): 157-168.
品他病Pinta | 雅司病Yaws | 地方性梅毒 Endemic syphilis | 性病梅毒Venereal syphilis | |
---|---|---|---|---|
病原体pathogen | 品他密螺旋体 | 苍白密螺旋体极细亚种 | 苍白密螺旋体地方亚种 | 苍白密螺旋体苍白亚种 |
地理分布Geographical distribution | 中南美洲的土著人口 | 非洲、南美洲、加勒比海、东南亚的温暖潮湿的热带地区和一些太平洋岛屿 | 中东、波斯尼亚、保加利亚和博茨瓦纳的农村以及非洲的萨赫勒地区 | 全球分布(人口集中的地区) |
古病理特征Paleopathological features | 不涉及骨骼 | 骨膜骨炎累及长骨和手足部的骨骼,表现为手指的多指炎和上颌鼻突肥厚性骨炎。鼻骨增殖性骨膜炎和“马刀胫(saber shin)” | 骨骼和软骨受严重的破坏,特别是鼻子和腭部。肢骨可能呈现与雅司相同的骨膜炎 | 颅顶骨干性骨疽(caries sicca),面部骨骼尤其鼻骨受损,肢骨骨膜炎及骨髓炎累及长骨或手足部骨骼,关节受损呈现“夏科氏关节(charcot joint)”,胫骨中“马刀胫(saber shin)”常见 |
表1 密螺旋体疾病的比较
Tab.1 Comparison of treponemiasis
品他病Pinta | 雅司病Yaws | 地方性梅毒 Endemic syphilis | 性病梅毒Venereal syphilis | |
---|---|---|---|---|
病原体pathogen | 品他密螺旋体 | 苍白密螺旋体极细亚种 | 苍白密螺旋体地方亚种 | 苍白密螺旋体苍白亚种 |
地理分布Geographical distribution | 中南美洲的土著人口 | 非洲、南美洲、加勒比海、东南亚的温暖潮湿的热带地区和一些太平洋岛屿 | 中东、波斯尼亚、保加利亚和博茨瓦纳的农村以及非洲的萨赫勒地区 | 全球分布(人口集中的地区) |
古病理特征Paleopathological features | 不涉及骨骼 | 骨膜骨炎累及长骨和手足部的骨骼,表现为手指的多指炎和上颌鼻突肥厚性骨炎。鼻骨增殖性骨膜炎和“马刀胫(saber shin)” | 骨骼和软骨受严重的破坏,特别是鼻子和腭部。肢骨可能呈现与雅司相同的骨膜炎 | 颅顶骨干性骨疽(caries sicca),面部骨骼尤其鼻骨受损,肢骨骨膜炎及骨髓炎累及长骨或手足部骨骼,关节受损呈现“夏科氏关节(charcot joint)”,胫骨中“马刀胫(saber shin)”常见 |
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