中国古人类遗址年代学的研究进展与问题

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0061

人类学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (03): 393-410.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0061cstr: 32091.14.j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0061

中国古人类遗址年代学的研究进展与问题

葛俊逸¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 邓成龙⁵^,⁶, 邵庆丰⁷, 裴树文¹^,², 唐锐枰¹^,³, 涂华⁸, 高星¹^,²^,³

1.中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京 100044
2.中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京 100044
3.中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京 100049
4.中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室,南京 210008
5.中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所岩石圈演化国家重点实验室,北京 100029
6.中国科学院地球科学研究院,北京 100029
7.南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京 210023
8.汕头大学海洋科学研究院,汕头 515063

收稿日期:2021-03-13 修回日期:2021-04-27 出版日期:2021-06-15 发布日期:2021-06-24
作者简介:葛俊逸,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,副研究员,主要从事第四纪古人类年代学以及人类演化与第四纪环境变化联系研究,E-mail： gejunyi@ivpp.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41977380);国家自然科学基金项目(41888101);国家自然科学基金项目(L1524016);中国科学院B类战略性先导科技专项(XDB26000000);现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所)开放课题(133105)

Progress and issues of chronological studies of human fossil sites in China

GE Junyi¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), DENG Chenglong⁵^,⁶, SHAO Qingfeng⁷, PEI Shuwen¹^,², TANG Ruiping¹^,³, TU Hua⁸, GAO Xing¹^,²^,³

1. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044
2. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044
3. University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
4. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Nanjing 210008
5. State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
6. Institution of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
7. School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023
8. Marine Biology Institute of Shantou University, Shantou 515063

Received:2021-03-13 Revised:2021-04-27 Online:2021-06-15 Published:2021-06-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国丰富的古人类遗存为研究东亚乃至全球古人类起源、迁徙和演化提供了重要的基础材料与数据。对已发表的2000多处旧石器时代古人类遗址年代学数据的整理和统计分析发现,绝大多数遗址目前仍缺少基本的年代学数据,不足20%的遗址开展过测年,仅10%左右具有相对可靠的年代学数据,只有极少数开展了多种测年方法的交叉定年。对于80多处出土古人类化石的遗址,亦过半存在明显的年代学争议。我们对一些古人类遗址中的常见各种复杂的同沉积和沉积后改造现象进行了详细分析,探讨了我国测年平台和测年队伍建设、考古发掘以及年代学采样与测年方法学等方面存在的问题,及其对遗址年代学研究的可能影响。基于此,笔者提出改善我国古人类年代学研究现状的可能措施,希望可以抛砖引玉,引发对该研究领域更多的关注和思考。

关键词: 洞穴遗址, 沉积改造, 古人类年代学, 人类演化, 遗址测年

Abstract:

The abundant ancient human remains in China provide important basic evidence and data for the study of the human origin, migration and evolution in East Asia or even the world. However, based on the compilation and statistical analysis of the published chronological data of more than 2000 Paleolithic and human fossil sites, we surprisingly found that most of these sites in China have never been dated, and less than 20% of them have carried out dating work. In addition, only about 10% of these sites have relatively reliable chronological data, but only with a small proportion have even carried out cross-dating with multiple dating methods. For more than 80 sites where human fossils were unearthed, the geochronometry data of more than a half still remain controversial. Here, we conducted a detailed analysis of the common complex syn-deposition and post-deposition reworking phenomena in some paleolithic and human fossil sites, especially the cave sites, and discussed the issues of the insufficient dating platform and geochronological researchers in China, the archaeological excavation process, and the chronological sampling and dating methodology, as well the possible ill effects on the chronological study of the Paleolithic and human fossils sites in China by them. Then, possible measures and suggestions for the future improvement in anthropological chronology research in China have been proposed. We hoped that these improving suggestions may attract more attention and deeper thinking for the perspectives of this research field.

Key words: Cave deposits, Sedimentary reworking, Paleoanthropological geochronology, Human evolution, Hominin site dating

中图分类号:

P533

葛俊逸, 邓成龙, 邵庆丰, 裴树文, 唐锐枰, 涂华, 高星. 中国古人类遗址年代学的研究进展与问题[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(03): 393-410.

GE Junyi, DENG Chenglong, SHAO Qingfeng, PEI Shuwen, TANG Ruiping, TU Hua, GAO Xing. Progress and issues of chronological studies of human fossil sites in China[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(03): 393-410.

图/表 5

图1 2333处古人类遗址的年代不确定性分级统计结果 (a)不同不确定性级别的遗址数量/The number of sites with different levels of reliability; (b)不同不确定性级别的遗址所占比例/The proportion of sites with different levels of reliability

Fig.1 The statistical results of the age reliability classification of 2333 human fossil and Paleolithic sites

图2 已开展年代学的遗址使用的测年方法类型统计分析 (a)各种测年方法应用的遗址数量/The number of sites dated by different dating methods; (b)遗址应用的测年方法数量统计/ Statistics on the number of dating methods for these sites

Fig.2 Statistical analysis of the types of dating methods applied on all the dated human fossil and Paleolithic sites in China

图3 我国古人类/旧石器遗址测年数据不确定性分级（1-7类）及不同分级的遗址空间分布图 (a)1-7类全部2333处遗址的空间分布/Spatial distribution of all 2333 sites; (b-h)按照不同年代确定性分级后的各类别遗址的空间分布/Spatial distribution of the sites with different reliability classification.

Fig.3 Maps showing locations of the human fossil and the Paleolithic site in China which are classified by reliability of dating data

图4 旷野遗址中不同地层堆积模式与考古发掘

Fig.4 Various of sedimentary models and archaeological excavation

图5 洞穴堆积常见的几种侵蚀堆积模式

Fig.5 Common erosion-accumulation modes in cave sediments

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中国古人类遗址年代学的研究进展与问题

Progress and issues of chronological studies of human fossil sites in China

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