早、中更新世中国古人类年代序列与区域演化特征

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0038

人类学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (03): 411-426.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0038

早、中更新世中国古人类年代序列与区域演化特征

陆莹¹(), 孙雪峰¹(), 王社江²^,³, 鹿化煜¹

1.南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京 210023
2.中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京 100044
3.中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京 100044

收稿日期:2020-11-25 修回日期:2021-01-29 出版日期:2021-06-15 发布日期:2021-06-24
通讯作者: 孙雪峰
作者简介:陆莹 (1997- ),女,江苏无锡人,南京大学地理与海洋科学学院硕士研究生,主要从事自然地理、考古遗址的地层与释光测年研究。E-mail: mg1927013@smail.nju.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41972185);国家自然科学基金项目(41690111);国家社科基金重大项目(19ZDA225)

Chronology of lithic artifact sites and hominin distribution from Early to Middle Pleistocene in China

LU Ying¹(), SUN Xuefeng¹(), WANG Shejiang²^,³, LU Huayu¹

1. School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
2. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044
3. Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044

Received:2020-11-25 Revised:2021-01-29 Online:2021-06-15 Published:2021-06-24
Contact: SUN Xuefeng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国早、中更新世古人类和旧石器遗址蕴含着丰富的早期人类活动和生存环境的背景信息,建立精确的遗址年代序列是分析古人类活动的基础。近二十年来,旧石器时代考古和测年研究为建立我国早期人类活动的年代框架提供了丰富的材料。本文分析了目前我国已发表的95个有独立测年数据的早、中更新世遗址,将其纳入黄土-古土壤年代框架,初步建立自200多万年至末次间冰期的古人类活动年代序列,根据它们的时空分布,进一步阐释了古人类在不同区域活动强度演变的时空特征。总体来看,这些遗址在泥河湾-周口店、秦岭山地、长江下游及长江流域以南（南方）四大区域呈现出聚集分布的特征;区域古人类活动强度主要表现在从早更新世的泥河湾-周口店、中更新世的秦岭山地、到中更新世晚期的长江中下游和南方区域的时空序列上。此外,仍有较多已发掘遗址缺少年代研究或存在测年问题,今后需要加强遗址的精确测年研究。

关键词: 早、中更新世, 旧石器时代遗址, 测年, 黄土-古土壤序列, 区域古人类演化

Abstract:

Hominin fossils and Paleolithic sites of Early and Middle Pleistocene in China can provide information to understand hominin behavioral and living environments, while a chronological framework is the basis for analyzing hominin evolution, migration, and relationship with climate change during the Pleistocene era. In the past 20 years, hominin records in China steadily increased because of the Paleolithic excavation and the advancement of dating techniques, providing amplified materials for establishing age frameworks. This study analyzed 95 Early to Middle Pleistocene sites with numerical age estimates. The distribution patterns are shown under the loess-paleosol chronology constraints and a relatively continuous chronology of hominin activities is established from approximately 2 MaBP to the last interglacial period. These sites are mainly distributed in four regions of the Nihewan Basin and the adjacent Zhoukoudian, Qingling Mountains Range, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and South China, where the maximum intensity of hominin activities occurred in order during the Early Pleistocene, Middle Pleistocene, and in the late part of Middle Pleistocene, respectively. Various excavated sites still lack chronological study or encounter issues in dating. Therefore, improvement of chronological study is necessary.

Key words: Early and Middle Pleistocene, Paleolithic sites, Dating, Loess-paleosol, Regional hominin evolution

中图分类号:

P534

陆莹, 孙雪峰, 王社江, 鹿化煜. 早、中更新世中国古人类年代序列与区域演化特征[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(03): 411-426.

LU Ying, SUN Xuefeng, WANG Shejiang, LU Huayu. Chronology of lithic artifact sites and hominin distribution from Early to Middle Pleistocene in China[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(03): 411-426.

图/表 2

图1 本文涉及的我国早、中更新世遗址的时空分布 1.人字洞（Renzidong）;2.陈山（Chenshan）;3.洋山（Yangshan）;4.巢县（Chaoxian）;5.和县（Hexian）; 6.华龙洞（Hualong Cave）;7.毛竹山（Maozhushan）;8.周口店第1地点（Zhoukoudian Locality 1）;9.灵峰洞（Lingfeng Cave）;10.扬上（Yangshang）;11.蟠龙洞（Panlong Cave）;12.峒中岩（Dongzhongyan）; 13.马坝人（Maba）;14.么会洞（Mohui Cave）;15.百谷（Baigu）; 16.枫树岛（Fengshudao）;17.杨屋（Yangwu）;18.南半山/大梅（Nanbanshan/Damei）;19.六怀山（Liuhuaishan）; 20.百峰（Baifeng）;21.高岭坡（Gaolingpo）;22.百渡（Baidu）;23.盘县大洞（Panxian Dadong）;24.岩灰洞（Yanhui Cave）;25.硝灰洞（Xiaohui Cave）;26.观音洞（Guanyin Cave）;27.山神庙嘴（Shanshenmiaozui）;28.霍家地（Huojiadi）;29.东谷坨（Donggutuo）;30.岑家湾（Cenjiawan）;31.飞粱（Feiliang）;32.麻地沟E6,E7（Madigou E6, E7）;33.麻地沟E5（Madigou E5）;34.半山遗址（Banshan Site）;35.小长梁（Xiaochangliang）;36.葡萄园（Putaoyuan）;37.马圈沟（包含3个文化层）（Majuangou, including 3 cultural layers）;38.大长梁/仙台遗址（Dachangliang/Xiantai）;39.南山边（Nanshanbian）;40.上沙嘴（Shangshazui）;41.兰坡（Lanpo）;42.石沟B地点（Shigou B）;43.马梁（Maliang）;44.皮裤裆（Pikudang）;45.后沟（Hougou）;46.雀儿沟（Queergou）;47.东坡（Dongpo）;48.摩天岭（Motianling）;49.珠窝堡（Zhuwobao）;50.水沟-会兴沟（Shuigou -Huixinggou）;51.乔家窑（Qiaojiayao）; 52.豫灵人（Yuling）;53.北窑（Beiyao）;54.交界洞（Jiaojie Cave）;54.郧县人（Yunxian）;56.双树（Shuangshu）;57.刘湾（Liuwan）;58.白龙洞（Bailongdong）;59.上白川（Shangbaichuan）;60.罗家村（Luojiacun）;61.吴家沟（Wujiagou）;62.酒厂（Jiuchang）;63.吉家湾（Jijiawan）;64.钟家湾龙洞（Zhongjiawan Longdong）;65.石龙头（Shilongtou）;66.和尚墩（Heshangdun）;67.南京人（Nanjing Man）;68.放牛山（Fangniushan）;69.莲花洞（Lianhua Cave）;70.庙后山（Miaohoushan）;71.金牛山A地点（Jinniushan A）;72.大窑四道沟（Dayao Sidaogou）;73.沂源人（Yiyuan Man）;74.西侯度（Xihoudu）;75.丁村（Dingcun）;76.上陈（Shangchen）;77.龙岗寺第1-4地点（Longgangsi Locality 1-4)）;78.公王岭（Gongwangling）;79.陈家窝（Chenjiawo）;80.大荔人（Dali Man）;81.龙牙洞（Longyadong）;82.窑厂湾（Yaochangwan）;83.鱼家山（Yujiashan）;84.周坡（Zhoupo）;85.吴台村（Wutaicun）;86.罗家村（Luojiacun）;87.彭家河（Pengjiahe）;88.元谋人（Yuanmou Man）;89.张口洞（Zhangkou Cave）;90.七里亭（Qiliting）;91.龙骨坡（Longgupo）;92.玉米洞（Yumi Cave）;93.冉家路口（Ranjialukou）;94.兴隆洞（Xinglong Cave）;95.白石崖洞（Baishiya Cave）

Fig.1 The temporal and spatial distribution of the archaeological sites of Early and Middle Pleistocene in China that mentioned in this article

图2 本文涉及的95个遗址在黄土-古土壤地层与年代序列中的分布情况

Fig.2 Distribution of the 95 involved sites in the loess-paleosoil stratigraphic and chronological sequence

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早、中更新世中国古人类年代序列与区域演化特征

Chronology of lithic artifact sites and hominin distribution from Early to Middle Pleistocene in China

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