广西扶绥岩亮洞与巨猿伴生的鼠亚科及其动物群的层序对比

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0058

人类学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (06): 1041-1054.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0058

广西扶绥岩亮洞与巨猿伴生的鼠亚科及其动物群的层序对比

王元¹^,²^,³(), 王一飒¹^,⁴, 王奕迪⁵, 秦超¹, 秦大公⁶, 金昌柱¹

1.中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京 100044
2.中国科学院生物与环境卓越中心,北京 100044
3.中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室,南京 210008
4.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
5.沈阳师范大学古生物学院,沈阳 110034
6.北京大学生命科学学院,北京 100871

收稿日期:2020-12-01 修回日期:2021-04-22 出版日期:2021-12-15 发布日期:2021-12-17
作者简介:王元,副研究员,主要从事第四纪哺乳动物及地层学研究。E-mail: xiaowangyuan@ivpp.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB26000000);现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室开放基金(183122)

The murid rodents associated with Gigantopithecus from Yanliang Cave of Fusui, Guangxi, with discussion on stratigraphic sequence of the Pleistocene Murinae faunas from southern China

WANG Yuan¹^,²^,³(), WANG Yisa¹^,⁴, WANG Yidi⁵, QIN Chao¹, QIN Dagong⁶, JIN Changzhu¹

1. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044
2. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
5. College of Paleontology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034
6. School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871

Received:2020-12-01 Revised:2021-04-22 Online:2021-12-15 Published:2021-12-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文系统研究了产自广西扶绥岩亮洞与步氏巨猿下颌骨伴生的鼠亚科化石,包括：锡金小鼠（相似种）（Mus cf. M. pahari）、小巢鼠（Micromys minutus）、亚洲姬鼠（Apodemus asianicus）、细狨鼠（Hapalomys gracilis）、原始笔尾树鼠（Chiropodomys primitivus）、先社鼠（Niviventer preconfucianus）、安氏白腹鼠（Niviventer andersoni）、拟爱氏巨鼠（Leopoldamys edwardsioides）和始家鼠（相似种）（Rattus cf. R. pristinus）,共计8属9种,其中包括了6个绝灭种,鼠亚科绝灭种的比例高达67%。研究表明,岩亮洞鼠亚科动物群的性质比重庆巫山龙骨坡的相关鼠类显得稍进步,但比湖北建始龙骨洞以及广西崇左泊岳山巨猿洞和三合大洞的鼠亚科组合都要原始,因此推测其时代为早更新世早期（可能距今约200万年）。此外,依据主要属种的形态差异和演化水平,本文还初步建立了广西左江流域更新世鼠亚科动物群的层序,从早到晚依次为：扶绥岩亮洞（距今约200万年）—崇左泊岳山巨猿洞（距今约180万年）—崇左三合大洞（距今约160-120万年）—木榄山智人洞（距今约11万年）,这对于深入研究我国南方早更新世巨猿—中华乳齿象动物群的系统演化,以及探讨我国南方第四纪生物地层的划分具有积极的意义。

关键词: 广西左江流域, 早更新世, 扶绥岩亮洞, 鼠亚科动物群, 层序对比

Abstract:

The new murid rodents associated with Gigantopithecus blacki from Yanliang Cave of Fusui, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of southern China are described in this paper, and include Mus cf. M. Pahari, Micromys minutus, Apodemus asianicus, Hapalomys gracilis, Chiropodomys primitivus, Niviventer preconfucianus, Niviventer andersoni, Leopoldamys edwardsioides and Rattus cf. R. pristinus. There are 8 genera and 9 species identified, of which 6 species (67%) are extinct. The combination of murid species from Yanliang Cave is more primitive than those from Longgudong Cave of Jianshi in Hubei, Sanhe Cave and Juyuan Cave of Boyue mountain in Guangxi, but slightly more advanced than that from Longgupo site of Wushan in Chongqing. The geological age of Yanliang Fauna is estimated to be the early Early Pleistocene (~2.0 Ma BP). In addition, the initial stratigraphic sequence (in chronological order) of the Pleistocene Murinae faunas from Zuojiang River watershed, South China is also proposed: Yanliang Fauna (~2.0 Ma BP) — Boyue Fauna (~1.8 Ma BP) — Sanhe Fauna (1.6-1.2 Ma BP) — Zhiren Fauna (~110 ka BP). The study on murid remains from Yanliang Cave, Guangxi greatly enriches the micro-mammalian record of the early Pleistocene Gigantopithecus-Sinomastodon fauna of southern China, and provides important evidence to understand the division of Quaternary biostratigraphy in southern China.

Key words: Zuojiang River watershed of Guangxi, Early Pleistocene, Yangliang Cave of Fusui, Murinae faunas, Stratigraphic sequence

中图分类号:

Q915.86

王元, 王一飒, 王奕迪, 秦超, 秦大公, 金昌柱. 广西扶绥岩亮洞与巨猿伴生的鼠亚科及其动物群的层序对比[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(06): 1041-1054.

WANG Yuan, WANG Yisa, WANG Yidi, QIN Chao, QIN Dagong, JIN Changzhu. The murid rodents associated with Gigantopithecus from Yanliang Cave of Fusui, Guangxi, with discussion on stratigraphic sequence of the Pleistocene Murinae faunas from southern China[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(06): 1041-1054.

图/表 5

图1 广西扶绥岩亮洞地质剖面图

Fig.1 Geological section of the Yanliang Cave, Fusui, Guangxi

图2 岩亮洞小型鼠亚科化石的臼齿（冠面视） A.锡金小鼠（相似种）/Mus cf. M. pahari（A1,右M1,V27167;A2,右M2,V27168;A3,右M3,V27169;A4,左m1,V27170;A5,左m2,V27174）;B.亚洲姬鼠/Apodemus asianicus（ B1,左M1,V27177;B2,左M2,V27179）;C.小巢鼠/Micromys minutus（左m1,V27176）;D.原始笔尾树鼠/Chiropodomys primitivus（D1,左M1,V27183;D2,右m1,V27185;D3,左m3,V27187）;E.细狨鼠/Hapalomys gracilis:（E1,左M1,V27180;E2, 左m1,V27181 ）

Fig.2 Molars of small-sized murids from Yanliang Cave (occlusal view)

图3 岩亮洞中-大型鼠亚科化石的臼齿（冠面视） A.先社鼠/Niviventer preconfucianus（A1,右M1,V27195;A2,右M2,V27233;A3, 右M3,V27251;A4,左m1,V27259;A5,左m2,V27303;A6,左m3,V27328）;B.安氏白腹鼠/Niviventer andersoni（B1,左M1,V27343;B2,右M2,V27347;B3,右M3,V27351; B4,右m1,V27352;B5,左m2,V27355; B6,右m3,V27358）;C.始家鼠（相似种）/Rattus cf. R. pristinus（C1,左M1,V27192;C2,左M2,V27194）;D.拟爱氏巨鼠 /Leopoldamys edwardsioides（D1,左M1,V27188; D2,右m1,V27190）

Fig.3 Molars of middle or large-sized murids from Yanliang Cave (occlusal view)

表1 广西扶绥岩亮洞先社鼠臼齿测量

Tab.1 Measurements of molars of Niviventer preconfucianus in Yanliang Cave, Fusui, Guangxi (unit: mm)

	标本数/（n）	长度Length		宽度Width
	标本数/（n）	范围/Range	平均/M	范围/Range	平均/M
M1	38	2.67~3.34	3.06	1.51~1.85	1.66
M2	18	1.85~2.36	2.13	1.43~1.70	1.56
M3	8	1.14~1.39	1.26	1.05~1.28	1.13
m1	44	2.18~2.90	2.56	1.26~1.95	1.51
m2	25	1.65~2.13	1.87	1.39~1.73	1.54
m3	15	1.26~1.61	1.42	1.09~1.39	1.22

表2 广西扶绥岩亮洞与我国南方更新世其他典型洞穴地点的鼠亚科

Tab.2 Murinae faunas from the Yanliang cave site of Fusui, Guangxi, and other typical Pleistocene cave sites of southern China

广西扶绥岩亮洞Yanliang Cave site (Q1 1)	安徽繁昌人字洞Renzidong (Q1 1)^[19]	重庆巫山龙骨坡Longgupo (Q1 1)^[21]	湖北建始龙骨洞Longgudong(Q2 1)^[16]	广西崇左泊岳山巨猿洞Juyuan cave(Q1 1)^[18]	广西崇左三合大洞Dadong in Sanhe(Q2 1)^[17]	广西崇左木榄山智人洞Zhirendong (Q1 3)^[14]
似锡金小鼠Mus cf. M. pahari	—	Mus sp.	★	★	★	★
小巢鼠/Micromys minutus	M. aff. M. tedfordi	—	★	—	—	—
亚洲姬鼠 Apodemus asianicus	A. zhangwagouensis	★	★	A. cf. A. peninsulae	A. cf. A. peninsulae	A. draco
细狨鼠Hapalomys gracilis	Hapalomys sp.	★	Hapalomys sp.	★	★	H. cf. H. delacouri
原始笔尾树鼠 Chiropodomys primitivus	—	★	—	—	★	C. gliroides
先社鼠Niviventer preconfucianus	★	★	★	★	★	N. confucianus
安氏白腹鼠Niviventer andersoni	—	★	—	★	N. fulvescens	N. fulvescens
拟爱氏巨鼠 Leopoldamys edwardsioides	L. anhuiensis	★	Leopoldamys sp.	★	★	L. edwardsi
似始家鼠Rattus cf. R. pristinus	★	Rattus sp.	Rattus spp.	★	R. norvegicus	R. norvegicus

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广西扶绥岩亮洞与巨猿伴生的鼠亚科及其动物群的层序对比

The murid rodents associated with Gigantopithecus from Yanliang Cave of Fusui, Guangxi, with discussion on stratigraphic sequence of the Pleistocene Murinae faunas from southern China

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