通过食谱分析探讨田螺山与梁王城遗址先民对渔业资源的利用

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0025

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对渔业食用资源的利用是人类生业经济的重要方面,然而至今尚无专文介绍如何定量分析渔业食物资源在先民食物结构中所占的比例。本文采用利用同位素传递信号重建食谱(FRUITS)模型,以田螺山遗址与梁王城遗址已发表的先民和动植物稳定同位素数据为例,对先民食物结构中的多种食物资源比重进行分析。结果显示,梁王城遗址渔业资源在食谱中占5%~22%;田螺山遗址淡水渔业资源在食谱中占5%~20%,而海洋渔业资源在10%以下。

关键词: 渔业食物资源利用, 田螺山遗址, 梁王城遗址, 食谱模型分析

Abstract:

The utilization of fishery resources by human beings is an important issue to discuss the subsistence strategy. However, there is no specific paper on how to quantitatively analyze the proportion of fishery food resources in human diet. Taking the recipes of the ancestors of Tianluoshan site and Liangwangcheng site as examples, this paper analyzes the proportion of various food resources in the diet of the ancestors by using the FRUITS(Food Reconstruction Using Isotopic Transferred Signals) model. The results showed that the fishery resources of Liangwangcheng site accounted for about 5%~22% of the recipes, the freshwater fishery resources of Tianluoshan site accounted for about 5%~20% of the recipes, and the marine fishery resources were less than 10%.

Key words: fishery food, Tianluoshan site, Liangwangcheng site, diet

中图分类号:

O615.2

施崇阳, 郭怡. 通过食谱分析探讨田螺山与梁王城遗址先民对渔业资源的利用[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(02): 308-318.

SHI Chongyang, GUO Yi. Discussion on the utilization of fishery resources by the ancestors of Tianluoshan and liangwangcheng sites based on the diet analysis[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2022, 41(02): 308-318.

图/表 8

图1 田螺山与梁王城遗址先民、动物碳氮稳定同位素散点图

Fig.1 Scatter diagram of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of ancestors and animals in Tianluoshan site and liangwangcheng site

表1 田螺山遗址与梁王城遗址稳定同位素数据[17,18]

Tab.1 Data of stable isotopes from the Tianluoshan site and Liangwangcheng site

样品	δ¹³C‰	δ¹⁵N
DWK87	-10.293	8.355
DWK89	-12.250	8.876
DWK91	-11.248	8.780
DWK93	-8.814	9.072
DWK95	-16.572	10.007
DWK97	-8.852	8.720
DWK99	-15.010	9.955
DWK101	-11.898	9.143
DWK103	-13.335	9.509
DWK105	-15.064	10.888
DWK107	-10.519	9.673
DWK109	-10.939	8.579
DWK111	-11.018	8.202
DWK231	-7.896	8.114
DWK115	-8.182	8.591
DWK117	-11.897	9.517
DWK119	-9.530	8.361
DWK121	-10.729	8.576
DWK123	-15.819	9.792
DWK125	-9.993	8.888
DWK127	-13.402	9.394
DWK129	-10.191	7.555
DWK131	-9.513	7.747
DWK133	-10.146	8.691
DWK135	-9.108	8.278
DWK137	-11.353	8.593
DWK139	-11.576	9.161
TLS No.1	-20.84	10.66
TLS No.2	-21.41	9.14
TLS No.3	-20.34	9.35
TLS No.4	-20.06	9.24
TLS No.5	-21.22	7.24
TLS No.6	-20.35	9.35
TLS No.7	-20.76	9.25
TLS No.8	-20.15	8.28
TLS No.9	-20.18	4.75
TLS No.10	-20.21	8.38
TLS No.11	-20.33	8.85

表2 田螺山遗址食谱模型

Tab.2 Food model of the Tianluoshan site

种类	δ¹³C	δ¹⁵N	数据来源
水稻	-26.5‰	2‰	[41]
鹿类	-21.37‰	5.73‰	[17]
猪	-20.42‰	6.45‰	[17]
淡水鱼	-22.05‰	9‰	[17]
海鱼	-12.41‰	13.94‰	[17]

表3 梁王城遗址食谱模型

Tab.3 Food model of the Liangwangcheng site

食物种类	δ¹³C	δ¹⁵N	数据来源
粟黍	-12.5‰	2‰	[41]
鹿类	-19.26‰	4.44‰	[18]
猪	-14.9‰	5.92‰	[18]
淡水鱼	-20.74‰	6.54‰	[18]

图2 田螺山遗址食谱初步分析箱形图（左）和线图（右）

Fig.2 Box (left) and whiskers (right) output by preliminary diet analysis of the Tianluoshan site

图3 田螺山遗址食谱校验分析箱形图（左）和线图（右）

Fig.3 Box (left) and whiskers (right) output by adjusted diet analysis of the Tianluoshan site

图4 梁王城遗址食谱初步分析箱形图（左）和线图（右）

Fig.4 Box (left) and whiskers (right) output by preliminary diet analysis of the Liangwangcheng site

图5 梁王城遗址食谱校验分析箱形图（左）和线图（右）

Fig.5 Box (left) and whiskers (right) output by adjusted diet analysis of the Liangwangcheng site

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