安徽省宁国市安友庄旧石器遗址调查及发掘简报

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0031

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2003-2004年,安徽省文物考古研究所对地处水阳江流域的宁国安友庄遗址开展野外调查及考古发掘,发掘面积250 m²,调查采集石制品3件,发掘出土石制品49件。石制品原料以中津河（水阳江一级支流）二级阶地底部砾石层中产出的石英岩砾石为主,少量为石英。石制品类型包括石核、石片和石器。石制品均为使用硬锤直接剥片。石制品主要出自中国南方地区常见的网纹红土和均质红土中,根据长江中下游地区第四纪红土风化壳的相关研究结果,初步推断安友庄遗址古人类生存与活动的年代延续中更新世中、晚期一段时间。虽然安友庄遗址发现石制品数量不多,但其中存在模式2技术产品,如剥取大石片的大石核、长度大于或等于10 cm的大石片,以及以手斧、大型石刀等为代表的大型切割石器,特别是比较典型的两面加工手斧在水阳江流域尚不多见。安友庄遗址的发现,为进一步讨论早期人类在长江下游地区的扩散与技术发展具有重要的科学意义。

关键词: 水阳江, 安友庄遗址, 石制品, 模式2, 中更新世

Abstract:

Since 2003-2004, the Institute of Archaeology and Cultural Relics of Anhui Province conducted a field survey and archaeological excavation at Anyouzhuang Site, which located at the Shuiyangjiang River Basin. A total of fifty-two stone artifacts were discovered in the site, with three specimens from surface collection and forty-nine specimens from digging. The raw materials of these lithics are mainly nearby quartzite river cobbles and quartz is less common. The assemblages of stone artifacts include cores, flakes and stone tools. The lithic technique is free-hand percussion. According to the stone artifacts buried in the homogeneous red soil and vermiculated red soil, it is reasonable to anticipate that early human occupied the site during the Middle Pleistocene. Mode 2 lithic technology is surely existed in Anyouzhuang Site, which includes large core where large flakes are detached, large flakes and large cutting tools. Typical bifacial shaping handaxe is the first time appeared in this river basin. It is also important for discussing the spread of early human and lithic technology diffusion in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Key words: Shuiyangjiang River Basin, Anyouzhuang site, Stone artifacts, Mode 2, Middle Pleistocene

中图分类号:

K871.11

董哲, 战世佳. 安徽省宁国市安友庄旧石器遗址调查及发掘简报[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(02): 334-341.

DONG Zhe, ZHAN Shijia. A preliminary report on the survey and excavation at Anyouzhuang Paleolithic site in Ningguo city, Anhui province[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2022, 41(02): 334-341.

图/表 5

图1 安友庄遗址地理位置示意图

Fig.1 Geographic location of the Anyouzhuang site in Shuiyangjiang River Basin

表1 安友庄遗址采集和发掘石制品类型

Tab.1 Stone artifacts classes and frequencies discovered in the Anyouzhuang site

来源(Sourcing) 类型(Categories)	采集(Collection)		发掘(Excavation)
来源(Sourcing) 类型(Categories)	数量(n)	比例 (%)	数量(n)	比例 (%)
石核(Cores)	/	/	13	26.53%
石片(Flakes)	/	/	30	61.23%
大型切割石器(LCTs)	2	66.67%	2	4.08%
砍砸器(Choppers)	1	33.33%	2	4.08%
刮削器(Scrapers)	/	/	2	4.08%
总计（Total）	3	100%	49	100%

图2 安友庄遗址发现的大型切割石器和部分石片 1.手斧(Handaxe, NAGT6(4)-004);2.手镐(Pick,Surface collection;宁国安友(6)采03);3. V型石片(Type V flake, NAGT5(4)-022);4. III型石片(Type III flake, NAGT6(4)-051);5. I型石片(Type I flake, NAGT4(4)-066);6.手镐(Pick,Surface collection; 宁国安友(6)采01);7.砍砸器(Chopper,Surface collection;宁国安友采02)

Fig. 2 Large cutting tools and some flakes discovered in the Anyouzhuang site

表2 安友庄遗址石制品长度

Tab.2 Length of stone artifacts discovered in the Anyouzhuang site

长度L 技术Categories	20-50 mm		50-100 mm		≥100 mm
长度L 技术Categories	数量(n)	比例 (%)	数量(n)	比例 (%)	数量 (n)	比例 (%)
石核Cores	/	/	6	11.54%	7	13.46%
石片Flakes	4	7.69%	24	46.15%	2	3.85%
大型切割石器LCTs	/	/	/	/	4	7.69%
砍砸器Choppers	/	/	/	/	3	5.77%
刮削器Scrapers	/	/	1	1.92%	1	1.92%
合计Total	4	7.69%	31	59.62%	17	32.69%

图3 安友庄遗址发现的部分石核、石片 1.石核（Core, NAGT7(4)-001）;2.石核（Core, NAGT6(4)-050）;3. V型石片（Type V flake, NAGT6(4)-091）;4. VI型石片（Type VI flake, NAGT7(4)-122）;5.石球（Spheroid, NAG0303(4)）;6.大型石核（Large core, NAG902(6)）;7.石核（Core, NG03019）

Fig. 3 Some cores and flakes discovered in the Anyouzhaung site

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