啦啦操和健美操训练对改善初中女生体质的效果比较

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究啦啦操或健美操训练对初中女生身体成分、骨密度以肌肉爆发力的影响,在严格控制研究对象的纳入标准的情况下,招募参与啦啦操训练的初中女生62人（啦啦操组）,参与健美操训练的初中女生58人（健美操组）,无啦啦操或健美操训练经历的初中女生80人（对照组）,分别测量其身高、体质量、身体成分、相关部位的骨密度和肌肉爆发力,进行比较研究。结果显示,与对照组相比较,啦啦操组和健美操组的蛋白质百分数、肌肉百分数和无机盐百分数都明显较高,而脂肪百分数明显较低;与啦啦操组相比较,健美操组的蛋白质百分数和肌肉百分数明显较高,而脂肪百分数明显较低。与对照组相比较,啦啦操组和健美操组的髋骨骨密度明显较高,健美操组的脊柱骨密度也明显较高;与啦啦操组相比较,健美操组的髋骨骨密度也明显较高。与对照组相比较,啦啦操组的下肢肌肉爆发力明显较高,健美操组的上肢肌肉、下肢肌肉、腰腹屈肌和腰背伸肌的爆发力也明显较高;与啦啦操组相比较,健美操组的上肢肌肉、下肢肌肉、腰腹屈肌和腰背伸肌的爆发力也明显较高。结果提示啦啦操或健美操训练都能够改善初中女生的身体成分,增加其骨密度和肌肉爆发力,但是健美操的干预效果要优于啦啦操,这可能与健美操的技术特点和运动强度有关。

关键词: 啦啦操训练, 健美操训练, 初中女生, 体质

Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of cheerleading or aerobics training on the body composition and bone mineral density and muscle explosive force of middle school girls, 62 middle school girls in cheerleading training (cheerleading group), 58 middle school girls in aerobics training (aerobics group) and 80 middle school girls (control group) were recruited under strict control of the inclusion criteria of the subjects, their height, weight, body composition, bone mineral density and muscle explosive force were measured respectively to comparative studies. The results are as follows, compared with the control group, the protein percentage, muscle percentage and inorganic salt percentage of the cheerleading group and the aerobics group were significantly higher, while the fat percentage was significantly lower. Compared with the cheerleading group, the protein percentage and muscle percentage of the aerobics group were significantly higher, while the fat percentage was significantly lower. The hip bone density in cheerleading group and aerobics group was significantly higher than that in control group, the spinal bone density in aerobics group was significantly higher than that in control group, and the hip bone density in aerobics group was also significantly higher than that in cheerleading group. Compared with the control group, the lower limb muscle explosive force in the cheerleading group was significantly higher (P<0.05), and the upper limb muscle, lower limb muscle, waist abdomen muscle and lower back muscle explosive force in the aerobics group were also significantly higher. Compared with the cheerleading group, the upper limb muscle, lower limb muscle, waist abdomen muscle and lower back muscle explosive force in the aerobics group were also significantly higher. The results suggest that cheerleading or aerobics training can improve the body composition of middle school girls, increase their bone mineral density and ;muscle explosive force. The intervention effect of aerobics is better than that of cheerleading, which may be related to the technical characteristics and intensity of aerobics.

Key words: Cheerleading, Aerobics, middle school girls, Physical fitness

中图分类号:

R179

王晓娜. 啦啦操和健美操训练对改善初中女生体质的效果比较[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(03): 463-469.

WANG Xiaona. Comparison of the effects of cheerleading and aerobics training on improving the physical fitness of middle school girls[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2022, 41(03): 463-469.

图/表 4

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指标Variable ↓ 组别Group→	啦啦操组Cheerleading	健美操组Aerobics	对照组Control
人数 (Number)	62	58	80
年龄 Age(a)	13.27±0.58	13.19±0.56	13.28±0.49
身高Height(cm)	163.17±2.02	163.45±2.86	162.39±3.65
体质量Mass(kg)	52.33±1.46	51.28±1.67	52.56±3.05
体质量指数Body Mass Index (kg/m²)	19.97±1.29	19.19±1.03	20.48±1.84
训练时间Training time(月)	4.41±1.31	4.36±1.28	——

指标Variable ↓ 组别Group→	啦啦操组Cheerleading	健美操组Aerobics	对照组Control
人数 (Number)	62	58	80
年龄 Age(a)	13.27±0.58	13.19±0.56	13.28±0.49
身高Height(cm)	163.17±2.02	163.45±2.86	162.39±3.65
体质量Mass(kg)	52.33±1.46	51.28±1.67	52.56±3.05
体质量指数Body Mass Index (kg/m²)	19.97±1.29	19.19±1.03	20.48±1.84
训练时间Training time(月)	4.41±1.31	4.36±1.28	——

组别（Groups）	脂肪（Fat）	蛋白质（Protein）	肌肉（Muscle）	无机盐（Inorganic salt）
啦啦操组（Cheerleading group）	18.77%±3.35%^**	16.12%±1.84%^**	32.19%±1.95%^**	5.24%±0.61%^*
健美操组（Aerobics group）	17.83%±2.12%^**,#	17.53%±1.58%^**,#	34.15%±1.34%^**,#	5.37%±0.48%^*
对照组（Control group）	24.16%±3.98%	13.21%±1.93%	29.56%±2.09%	4.99%±0.51%

组别（Groups）	脂肪（Fat）	蛋白质（Protein）	肌肉（Muscle）	无机盐（Inorganic salt）
啦啦操组（Cheerleading group）	18.77%±3.35%^**	16.12%±1.84%^**	32.19%±1.95%^**	5.24%±0.61%^*
健美操组（Aerobics group）	17.83%±2.12%^**,#	17.53%±1.58%^**,#	34.15%±1.34%^**,#	5.37%±0.48%^*
对照组（Control group）	24.16%±3.98%	13.21%±1.93%	29.56%±2.09%	4.99%±0.51%

指标(variable)	啦啦操组(Cheerleading group)	健美操组(Aerobics group)	对照组(Control group)
上肢骨(Upper limb bone)	0.72±0.06	0.73±0.05	0.71±0.05
下肢骨(Lower limb bone)	0.91±0.05	0.93±0.07	0.91±0.04
肋骨(ribs)	0.60±0.05	0.60±0.06	0.59±0.05
脊柱(spine)	0.92±0.16	0.95±0.17^*	0.90±0.12
髋骨(hipbone)	1.03±0.12^*	1.06±0.14^**,#	0.99±0.13