盘状石核剥片实验及对华北石片石器研究的启示

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0055

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

盘状石核以两面交互打击、向心剥片为主要特征,在中国旧石器文化发展中具有重要地位。本文针对华北石片石器中盘状石核与非定型石核长期共存这一文化现象,展开剥片实验,分析了这两种剥片策略所获得的石片之间的差异。研究发现,石片的台面类型、背面片疤方向、保留石核台面边缘特征石片比例这三个指标可以有效区分这两种剥片策略,石片的技术分析对于理解华北石片石器工业的剥片策略同样具有重要价值。

关键词: 实验, 盘状石核, 剥片, 石片石器

Abstract:

The discoidal core characterized by the bifacial centripetal flaking method has played an essential role in the Chinese Paleolithic. This research focused on the long-term coexistence of discoidal and amorphous cores in Flake Tool Industry discovered in Northern China, and highlighted the differences between flakes produced by these two different methods. As a result, this study shows that three indexes can be used to distinguish the two methods: platform type, dorsal scar direction, and the proportion of flakes retaining the edge of the core platform. This study also implies technological analysis on flake is important to understand the reductional strategy of the Flake Tool Industry in North China.

Key words: Experiment, Discoidal core, Flaking, Flake tool industry

中图分类号:

K871.11

李文成. 盘状石核剥片实验及对华北石片石器研究的启示[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(03): 514-522.

LI Wencheng. Experimental analysis on flaking of discoidal cores and its application in understanding the flake tool industry in North China[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2022, 41(03): 514-522.

图/表 6

表1 实验标本剥片前后尺寸对比

Tab. 1 Dimensions of blanks and cores in experimental study

类型Type	编号No.	毛坯 Blank			石核 Core			剥片数量 n of flaking
类型Type	编号No.	长L(mm)	宽b(mm)	厚d(mm)	长L(mm)	宽b(mm)	厚d(mm)	剥片数量 n of flaking
盘状石核Discoidal core	19XLL:3	72	95.6	47.4	20.5	50.4	37	20
	19XLL:5	116.4	141.7	56.8	26.2	51.5	42.1	36
	19XLL:6	76.4	90.9	32.3	22.4	43.6	38	24
	19XLL:7	96.4	142.3	44.7	39.7	70.3	64.6	19
	19XLL:8	58.6	91.8	40.1	31	50.7	44.8	18
非定型石核剥片Amorphous core	19XLL:9	72.2	83.4	52	47	55.3	31.8	13
	19XLL:10	87.6	93.5	50.9	28	50.9	34.4	27
	19XLL:11	94.8	107.9	45.4	89.7	55.7	41.8	23
	19XLL:12	52.8	82.7	26.9	40.1	44.5	21	15
	19XLL:13	88.8	134	43.4	67	71.8	49.9	32

图1 标本19XLL:5不同剥片阶段形态变化 a.毛坯形态Morphology of the blank;b.成功剥取20件完整石片后石核形态Morphology of the core after 20 flake removals;c.成功剥取36件完整石片后剥片行为终止时石核形态Morphology of the core at the end of reduction, 36 flakes removals

Fig. 1 Morphological change of 19XLL:5 in different reductional stages

图2 盘状石核与非定型石核石片对比

Fig. 2 Comparison of attributes of flakes produced by discoidal and amorphous cores

表2 盘状石核与非定型石核石片台面性质

Tab. 2 Platform type of flakes produced by discoidal and amorphous cores

台面类型Type of platform	盘状 Discoidal		非定型 Amorphous
台面类型Type of platform	数量n	百分比%	数量n	百分比%
自然面Cortical	4	3.4%	0	0
自然面+石片疤Cortical + Scar	5	4.3%	0	0
素台面Plain	39	33.3%	94	85.5%
节理面+石片疤Joint surface + Scar	2	1.7%	0	0
有疤（≥2个片疤）Dihedral + Faceted	44	37.6%	10	9.1%
线状Linear	6	5.1%	3	2.7%
点状Punctiform	12	10.3%	3	2.7%
脊状Ridge	5	4.3%	0	0
总计Total	117	100%	110	100%

图3 石片背面片疤方向数量

Fig.3 Number of dorsal scar direction

图4 保留石核台面边缘特征的石片 a. A类Type A;b. B1类Type B1;c. B2类Type B2;d. C类Type C其中灰色箭头指示打击方向与打击点位置Grey arrows show the striking direction and location of striking point

Fig. 4 Different types of flakes retaining the edge of the core’s platform

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